CN108264357A - 用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备 - Google Patents

用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备 Download PDF

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CN108264357A
CN108264357A CN201810181055.5A CN201810181055A CN108264357A CN 108264357 A CN108264357 A CN 108264357A CN 201810181055 A CN201810181055 A CN 201810181055A CN 108264357 A CN108264357 A CN 108264357A
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李慧芝
李志英
翟殿棠
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于3DP打印ZrB2‑SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,采用硼酸酯偶联剂改性粉体,得到预处理ZrB2‑SiC复合陶瓷粉体;采用去离子水,瓜尔胶:2%~5%,丙烯酰胺,过硫酸铵制备凝胶溶液;然后在反应器中,按质量百分比加入,预处理ZrB2‑SiC复合陶瓷粉体:35%~40%,凝胶溶液:60%~65%,各组分之和为百分之百,强力搅拌60~80min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2‑SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。该材料在三维印刷3D打印机上可直接成型,球形度高,流动性好,成型精度高,而且具有制备工艺简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低,易于工业化生产。

Description

用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于三维印刷(3DP)工艺快速成型粉体材料的制备方法,属于快速成型的材料领域,特别涉及一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
硼化锆是化学物质,分子式是ZrB2。性质灰色坚硬晶体。硼化锆有三个组成即一硼化锆、二硼化锆、三硼化锆,只有二硼化锆在很宽的温度范围是稳定的。工业生产上主要以二硼化锆为主。二硼化锆为六方体晶型,灰色结晶或粉末,相对密度5.8,熔点为3040℃。耐高温,常温和高温下强度均很高。耐热震性好,电阻小,高温下抗氧化。熔点约3000℃。带金属光泽。可用作宇航耐高温材料、耐磨光滑的固体材料、切削工具、温差热电偶保护管以及电解熔融化合物的电极材料。特别适于用作滚动轴承滚珠的表面。
碳化硅由于化学性能稳定、导热系数高、热膨胀系数小、耐磨性能好,除作磨料用外,还有很多其他用途,例如:以特殊工艺把碳化硅粉末涂布于水轮机叶轮或汽缸体的内壁,可提高其耐磨性而延长使用寿命1~2倍;用以制成的高级耐火材料,耐热震、体积小、重量轻而强度高,节能效果好。
将硼化锆-碳化硅复合制备成ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷抗氧化、耐烧蚀,可以在2200℃以上的大气中使用。现代飞行器(如:宇宙飞船、火箭、导弹、超音速飞机)正朝高速、高空\大推力和更安全的方向发展,对此类超高温陶瓷材料的需求越来越迫切。
三维印刷(3DP)工艺,就是今天的3D打印,是美国麻省理工学院Emanual Sachs等人研制的。E.M.Sachs于1989年申请了3DP(Three-Dimensional Printing)专利,该专利是非成形材料微滴喷射成形范畴的核心专利之一。3DP工艺与SLS工艺类似,采用粉末材料成形,如陶瓷粉末,金属粉末。所不同的是材料粉末不是通过烧结连接起来的,而是通过喷头用粘接剂(如硅胶)将零件的截“印”在材料粉末上面。用粘接剂粘接的零件强度较低,还须后处理。具体工艺过程如下:上一层粘结完毕后,成型缸下降一个距离(等于层厚:0.013~0.1mm),供粉缸上升一高度,推出若干粉末,并被铺粉辊推到成型缸,铺平并被压实。喷头在计算机控制下,按下一建造截面的成形数据有选择地喷射粘结剂建造层面。铺粉辊铺粉时多余的粉末被集粉装置收集。如此周而复始地送粉、铺粉和喷射粘结剂,最终完成一个三维粉体的粘结。未被喷射粘结剂的地方为干粉,在成形过程中起支撑作用,且成形结束后,比较容易去除。但这种成型工艺也有一定的局限性,胶粘剂的用量大,不好控制,胶粘剂容易堵塞喷头。
瓜尔胶,是从广泛种植于印巴次大陆的一种豆科植物——瓜尔豆中提取的一种高纯化天然多糖。由于其独特的分子结构特点及天然性,使其迅速成为性能优越的新型环保造纸助剂;同时它还被广泛应用于食品、石油、医药等领域。瓜尔胶为大分子天然亲水胶体,属于天然半乳甘露聚糖,品质改良剂之一,一种天然的增稠剂。外观是从白色到微黄色的自由流动粉末,能溶于冷水或热水,遇水后及形成胶状物质,达到迅速增稠的功效。主要分为食品级和工业级两种。广泛用于石油压裂、钻井等增稠目的,以及食品添加剂,印染和建筑涂料等行业。瓜尔胶是已知的最有效和水溶性最好的天然聚合物。
本发明采用硼酸酯偶联剂改性粉体,既能提高固体含量,又能降低浆料的粘度,改善表面洁度。采用瓜尔胶作为凝胶胶粘剂,制备用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,成型过程中不需要喷洒胶粘剂,只需要喷洒少量的交联剂溶剂即可。优点是胶粘剂用量大大减少,产品的品质高。本申请的工艺制备的粉体材料粒径均匀,球形度高,流动性好,适合3DP工艺3D打印成型。此外,本专利提供的方法简单,成本低。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现。
一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,按质量百分比加入,硼化锆粉体:74%~78%,碳化硅粉体:15%~18%,烧结助剂:4%~8%,硼酸酯偶联剂:0.5%~2%,各组分之和为百分之百,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨100-120min,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,按质量百分浓度加入,去离子水:90%~94%,瓜尔胶:2%~5%,丙烯酰胺:2%~5%,过硫酸铵:0.5%~2%,各组分之和为百分之百,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应4~6h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,按质量百分比加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:35%~40%,凝胶溶液:60%~65%,各组分之和为百分之百,强力搅拌60~80min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
在步骤(1)中所述的硼化锆粉体,碳化硅粉体,烧结助剂粉体的粒径为纳米级粉体。
在步骤(1)中所述的烧结助剂为二氧化锆、碳化硼和碳粉按2:1:2的摩尔比混合。
所制备的用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体在3D打印成型时,打印喷头喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液。
在步骤(3)中所述的喷雾干燥,进风口温度控制在100℃,出风口温度控制在90℃,进风流量250m3/h。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体在3D打印机上成型的应用,特点为:将用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体加入到供粉缸中,打印喷头喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液。具体工艺过程如下:上一层粘结完毕后,成型缸下降一个距离(等于层厚:0.013~0.1mm),供粉缸上升一高度,推出若干粉末,并被铺粉辊推到成型缸,铺平并被压实。喷头在计算机控制下,按下一建造截面的成形数据有选择地喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液建造层面。铺粉辊铺粉时多余的粉末被集粉装置收集。如此周而复始地送粉、铺粉和喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液,最终完成一个三维粉体的粘结。未被喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液的地方为干粉,在成形过程中起支撑作用,且成形结束后,比较容易去除。
本发明与现有技术比较,具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明获得的用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,不需要喷洒粘结剂,喷头喷洒极低粘度的5%戊二醛乙醇溶液可直接成型,使胶粘剂用量大大降低,避免打印喷头堵塞,提高产品的品质高。
(2)本发明获得的本发明获得的用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,颗粒的粒径均匀,球形度高,流动性好,适合3DP工艺3D打印成型;由这种快速成型粉末材料可以制造薄壁模型或微小零部件,制造出产品具有表面光泽度高,精度高等特点。
(3)本发明获得的本发明获得的用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,具有制备工艺简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低,易于工业化生产,又具有低碳环保和节约能源等优势。
(4)本发明是通过硼酸酯偶联剂改性粉体,又能降低浆料的粘度,改善表面洁度,又可以防止氧化铍的水解,所用的胶粘剂为瓜尔胶是天然生物胶。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,分别加入,硼化锆粉体:7600g,碳化硅粉体:1600g,烧结助剂:700g,硼酸酯偶联剂:100g,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨110min,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:9200 mL,瓜尔胶:300g,丙烯酰胺:300g,过硫酸铵:200g,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应5h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:3800g,凝胶溶液:6200 mL,强力搅拌70min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
实施例2
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,分别加入,硼化锆粉体:7400g,碳化硅粉体:1800g,烧结助剂:600g,硼酸酯偶联剂:200g,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨120min,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:9000 mL,瓜尔胶:400g,丙烯酰胺:500g,过硫酸铵:100g,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应4h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:3500g,凝胶溶液:6500 mL,强力搅拌70min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
实施例3
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,分别加入,硼化锆粉体:7800g,碳化硅粉体:1750g,烧结助剂:400g,硼酸酯偶联剂:50g,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨100min,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:9400 mL,瓜尔胶:200g,丙烯酰胺:350g,过硫酸铵:50g,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应6h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:4000g,凝胶溶液:6600 mL,强力搅拌80min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
实施例4
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,分别加入,硼化锆粉体:7500g,碳化硅粉体:1550g,烧结助剂:800g,硼酸酯偶联剂:150g,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨115min,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:9100 mL,瓜尔胶:500g,丙烯酰胺:200g,过硫酸铵:200g,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应4.5h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:3600g,凝胶溶液:6400 mL,强力搅拌65min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
实施例4
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,分别加入,硼化锆粉体:7700g,碳化硅粉体:1500g,烧结助剂:700g,硼酸酯偶联剂:100g,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨105in,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:9300 mL,瓜尔胶:350g,丙烯酰胺:200g,过硫酸铵:150g,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应5.5h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:3700g,凝胶溶液:6300 mL,强力搅拌75min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
使用方法:一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体在3D打印机上成型的应用,将用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体加入到供粉缸中,打印喷头喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液。具体工艺过程如下:上一层粘结完毕后,成型缸下降一个距离(等于层厚:0.013~0.1mm),供粉缸上升一高度,推出若干粉末,并被铺粉辊推到成型缸,铺平并被压实。喷头在计算机控制下,按下一建造截面的成形数据有选择地喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液建造层面。铺粉辊铺粉时多余的粉末被集粉装置收集。如此周而复始地送粉、铺粉和喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液,最终完成一个三维粉体的粘结。未被喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液的地方为干粉,在成形过程中起支撑作用,且成形结束后,比较容易去除。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体预处理:在球磨机中,按质量百分比加入,硼化锆粉体:74%~78%,碳化硅粉体:15%~18%,烧结助剂:4%~8%,硼酸酯偶联剂:0.5%~2%,各组分之和为百分之百,开启球磨机,温度升至55±2℃恒温,研磨100-120min,干燥,自然冷却至室温,得到预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体;
(2)凝胶溶液配制:在反应器中,按质量百分浓度加入,去离子水:90%~94%,瓜尔胶:2%~5%,丙烯酰胺:2%~5%,过硫酸铵:0.5%~2%,各组分之和为百分之百,温度升至65±2℃恒温,搅拌反应4~6h,自然冷却至室温,得到凝胶溶液;
(3)用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备:在反应器中,按质量百分比加入,预处理ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体:35%~40%,凝胶溶液:60%~65%,各组分之和为百分之百,强力搅拌60~80min,喷雾干燥,得到用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其粒径在100~140µm范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的硼化锆粉体,碳化硅粉体,烧结助剂粉体的粒径为纳米级粉体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的烧结助剂为二氧化锆、碳化硼和碳粉按2:1:2的摩尔比混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体的制备方法所制备的用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体,其特征在于,所制备的用于3DP打印ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷粉体在3D打印成型时,打印喷头喷洒体积百分浓度为5%戊二醛乙醇溶液。
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