CN108256371A - 包括近场通讯设备的便携式物体 - Google Patents

包括近场通讯设备的便携式物体 Download PDF

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CN108256371A
CN108256371A CN201711430325.3A CN201711430325A CN108256371A CN 108256371 A CN108256371 A CN 108256371A CN 201711430325 A CN201711430325 A CN 201711430325A CN 108256371 A CN108256371 A CN 108256371A
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portable object
switch
circuit
communication apparatus
control element
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CN108256371B (zh
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P·维利
J-C·马丁
M·维勒明
T·斯考尔迪里斯
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/327—Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
    • G06Q20/3278—RFID or NFC payments by means of M-devices
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    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
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    • G06K7/10386—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being adapted for being moveable the interrogation device being of the portable or hand-handheld type, e.g. incorporated in ubiquitous hand-held devices such as PDA or mobile phone, or in the form of a portable dedicated RFID reader
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    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06Q20/322—Aspects of commerce using mobile devices [M-devices]
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    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/352—Contactless payments by cards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/3827—Portable transceivers
    • H04B1/385—Transceivers carried on the body, e.g. in helmets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/22—Capacitive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04R—RADIO-CONTROLLED TIME-PIECES
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Abstract

本发明提出包括近场通讯设备的便携式物体。该通讯设备包括电子芯片(1)，该电子芯片(1)设置有连接到电路的两个端子(2、3)，该电路包括天线(4)和滤波器(5)。通讯设备设置成以对应于电路的谐振频率的规定频率进行接收和发送。以原始的方式，便携式物体包括控制元件，该控制元件能够在两个预定的位置(即有源位置和无源位置)之间移位，通讯设备在该有源位置激活，通讯设备在该无源位置失效。电路还包括旁路分支(6)，该旁路分支(6)设置有机械开关(7)，该机械开关(7)能够根据控制元件从其预定的位置中的一个到另一个的移位而在打开状态和关闭状态之间切换，从而引起电路的谐振频率的改变。

Description

包括近场通讯设备的便携式物体
技术领域
本发明涉及微技术领域。更具体地，本发明涉及一种包括近场通讯设备的便携式物体。
背景技术
已知例如使用射频标签来生产包含近场通讯装置的便携式物体。这些连接装置由电连接到天线的电子芯片或集成电路组成。大多数情况下，这些设备不需要自主电源，并且意在当它们接近阅读器时与阅读器自动通讯。阅读器的电磁场在天线——该天线向芯片供电——中产生感应电流，并且使其可以反过来经由天线发射信号。
当前，在芯片卡中发现了这种设备：其使得可以实现在为此设置的终端处免触支付的效果。同样，已知专利申请EP 603 721、EP 974 878、CH690 525或CH 704 583，所述专利申请描述了包括近场通讯装置的手表，其中，天线隐藏在手表中的多个位置，例如表盘、中间部件、表圈、表镜密封圈或表镜。其它构型设置成用于将天线容纳在基部、机芯或甚至表带中。将这些免触通讯设备集成在手表中允许多种应用，例如产生信息、识别、锁定、访问控制或支付操作。
然而，这些自动通讯设备对于恶意的第三方具有较高的易受攻击性，该第三方可以通过侵入收发两用机在其所有者毫不知情的情况下恢复机密信息，或可以进行银行汇款以得到他们自己的好处。已经开发了多种方式来保护近场通讯设备。由此能够将支付卡放入屏蔽箱中，该屏蔽箱的作用像法拉第笼一样，并且防止建立任何通讯。专利申请US 2016/0188925公开了一种使用适当的辅助阅读器来使具有电子开关的射频标签激活或失效的方法。电子解锁操作被证明是令人厌烦的，并且特别不实用，因为它需要处理除了经其建立通讯的物体之外的物体。另外，它存在安全漏洞，因为近场通讯设备在被激活和建立通讯之间的时刻保持易受攻击。已知的多种安全方法不适合于诸如腕表那样的有些便携式物体，特别不实用，并且使得不能完全消除黑客攻击风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于保护集成在便携式物体中的近场通讯设备的装置，该装置易于使用，并且比现有技术的解决方案更安全。
更准确地，本发明涉及一种包括近场通讯设备的便携式物体。该通讯设备包括电子芯片，该电子芯片设置有连接到电路的两个端子，该电路包括天线和滤波器。通讯设备设置成以对应于电路的谐振频率的规定频率进行接收和发送。以原始的方式，便携式物体包括控制元件，该控制元件能够在两个预定的位置(即有源位置和无源位置)之间移位，通讯设备在该有源位置被激活，通讯设备在该无源位置失效。电路还包括旁路分支，该旁路分支设置有机械开关，该机械开关能够根据控制元件从其预定的位置中的一个到另一个的移位而在打开状态和关闭状态之间切换，从而引起电路的谐振频率的改变。
该布置使得可以保护集成在便携式物体中的近场通讯设备，同时简化为了这种安全性所需的操作。
根据本发明的一种有利变型，电路包括与天线平行的电桥，该电桥承载有电容。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，天线和电桥连接到电子芯片的端子。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，旁路分支连接到电子芯片的端子。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，电桥包括与电容串联安装的第二部件，旁路分支连接在电桥的两个部件之间，并且连接到电子芯片的一个端子上。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，第二部件是电容或电感。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，旁路分支包括与开关串联安装的部件，该部件是电容、电感或电阻。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，电感安装在电子芯片的一个端子和电容之间，旁路分支安装成与电感平行。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，机械开关是簧片开关，便携式物体包括永磁体，该永磁体可以相对于簧片开关移动，并且能够根据控制元件的移位来改变簧片开关的状态。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，便携式物体包括安全开关，该安全开关设置成在存在外部磁场时与簧片开关同时改变状态。
根据本发明的一种有利变型，便携式物体包括弹性恢复装置，该弹性恢复装置设置成使控制元件从有源位置自动返回至无源位置。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，便携式物体是手表。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，手表包括枢转的表圈，该表圈是控制元件。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，手表包括表冠或按钮，该表冠或按钮是控制元件。
根据本发明的另一有利变型，便携式物体是芯片卡。
附图说明
当阅读下面参考附图给出的描述时，本发明的其它细节将更清晰地显现出来，图中：
-图1至7表示根据本发明的便携式物体的通讯设备的各种基本框图，
-图8表示天线的增益(即其性能)随着根据本发明的通讯设备的频率变化的图表，
-图9和10分别表示旁路分支和开关在打开和关闭位置的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1至7表示本发明提出的集成在便携式物体中的安全近场通讯设备的基本框图。该通讯设备包括电子芯片1，该电子芯片1设置有连接到电路的两个端子2、3，该电路包括天线4和滤波器5，典型地是带通滤波器。近场通讯设备设置成以规定频率进行接收和发送，该频率对应于电路的谐振频率，该谐振频率同样也是便携式物体意在与之通讯的阅读器的工作频率。天线的谐振频率适配为在可用频率波段内具有更好的性能(增益)，由此使得可以根据当前的RFID标准以受控的方式接收和发送。电路包括旁路分支6，该旁路分支6设置有开关7，该开关7能够在打开状态和关闭状态之间切换。开关7受便携式物体所包括的控制元件的移位控制。控制元件能够在两个预定的位置(即有源位置和无源位置)之间移位，通讯设备在该有源位置激活，通讯设备在该无源位置失效。控制元件从其预定的位置中的一个到另一个的移位导致开关7切换，并且改变电路的谐振频率以及由此其与目标阅读器通讯的能力。
在全部所示示例中，滤波器包括电桥8，电桥8安装成与天线4平行。在不背离本发明的范围的情况下，电桥也可以串联地安装，其它部件也可以以双重的方式就位，以得到相似的效果。在本发明的剩余部分将只通过示例讨论具有平行电桥的情况。
在图1和2的示例中，电桥只包括一个电容9，天线4和电容9连接到电子芯片1的端子。如果开关7处于关闭位置，则旁路分支6也连接到电子芯片1的端子2、3。
在图3至6的示例中，电桥包括除了电容9之外的第二部件10，第二部件10特别地可以是电感或第二电容。在这种情况下，旁路分支6与第二部件10平行，一侧连接到电子芯片1的端子2，另一侧连接到电桥8的两个部件之间。
旁路分支6也可以包括与开关7串联安装的部件11，该部件11可以是电容、电感或电阻。
在图7所示的示例中，电感12安装在电子芯片1的一个端子3和电容9之间，并且旁路分支6安装成与电感12平行。
通过将多种提出的替代方案结合在一起，该领域的技术人员将能够由所提出的示例形成大量变型。
图8的图表表示在具有带通滤波器的电路的情况下，通讯设备的天线的增益随着频率的变化。带宽的中心接收频率是电路的谐振频率f0。阅读器的发射频率位于电路的带宽内。在其接收范围之外，信号太弱，通讯设备无法再起作用。在包括电容和线圈的LC电路的情况下，谐振频率由下式给出：
改进的电路具有新的谐振频率f'，该谐振频率f'足够远离对于在RFID设备的频率范围内发射的信号的f0，使得无法再被检测到，由此使通讯设备失效。
图9和10表示在手表的情况下，根据本发明的便携式物体的细部的截面，其中可以识别出表壳20。表圈21相对于表壳20可枢转地安装，表圈21包括近场通讯设备，例如图1至7中示意性地示出的那些，并且包括天线4、电路和电子芯片。容纳在表壳20中的柔性导电片22、23设置成在表圈21处于图10所示的有源位置时接触电路的触脚24、25，表圈21在这里是控制元件。柔性片22、23构成旁路分支6，该旁路分支6可以包括补充部件11，特别是电容、电感或电阻。当控制元件处于图9所示的无源位置时，旁路分支6经由触脚24、25连接到电路，这具有改变其谐振频率和使设备激活的作用。便携式物体还包括弹性恢复装置26，该弹性恢复装置26设置成使控制元件自动返回其无源位置，由此保护设备。
图9和10的开关的示例只是一个非限制性示例。该领域的技术人员将能够改变其它设备来产生该功能。特别地，控制元件可以是按钮或甚至控制表冠。在一种感兴趣的构型中，可以用磁式开关来代替上述电流式开关，该磁式开关具有簧片开关型的柔性片。在这种情况下，便携式物体还包括永磁体，该永磁体可以相对于簧片开关26移动，通过控制元件的移位引起簧片开关和磁体的相对移位。如上所述，该组件设置成使得控制元件在其预定的位置之间移位，改变簧片开关的状态。
在一种未示出的实施例变型中，便携式物体包括主簧片开关，还包括补充的安全开关，该安全开关意在防止利用由恶意的第三方放置在便携式物体附近的阅读器和磁体进行欺骗性连接的风险。该安全磁体也是簧片开关。与主簧片开关相比，安全开关不链接到永磁体，因为其不意在于正常工作期间而仅在受攻击的情况下改变状态。
例如，安全开关可以与主簧片开关串联安装。在这种情况下，安全开关是常闭的NC型开关，即，其在没有磁场时关闭，并且在磁场的作用下切换到打开位置。主簧片开关是常开的NO型，与安全开关的功能相反。在使用磁体攻击的情况下，安全开关和主开关在外部磁场的作用下同时切换，从而使通讯设备保持无效。优选地，主簧片开关和安全开关布置成尽可能靠近，以保证永磁体的移位控制主开关，而不影响安全开关。
在不背离权利要求的范围的情况下，该领域的技术人员将能够从所述实施例产生多种变型。例如，控制元件的无源位置可以正如对应于开关的打开状态一样对应于关闭状态。
与设置有现有技术的电子开关的便携式物体相比，根据本发明的便携式物体在使用中提供了很大的便利和更好的安全性，必须提前从外部电子设施(例如从智能手机)控制该电子开关的状态的改变。可以容易地使该安全近场通讯设备适用于任何类型的便携式物体，例如芯片卡。
有利地，本发明提出的安全设备使得可以降低欺骗性连接的风险，因为可以在便携式物体已经位于附近并且在其意在与之通讯的阅读器的磁性影响之下时激活设备，从而在控制元件移位到有源位置时尽快与目标阅读器暂时建立通讯。另外，当已经实现了期望操作时，控制元件立即自动返回其无源位置，以保护设备，从而便携式物体仍然位于目标阅读器的磁场范围内。
另外，本发明提出的机械式锁定装置为使用者提供了对近场通讯设备的安全性的控制，并且为其提供了其当前仍然缺乏的对使用这种技术的信任。

Claims (12)

1.一种便携式物体，其包括近场通讯设备，该便携式物体是手表，该通讯设备包括电子芯片(1)，该电子芯片(1)设置有连接到电路的两个端子(2、3)，该电路包括天线(4)和滤波器(5)，所述通讯设备设置成以对应于电路的谐振频率的规定频率进行接收和发送，其特征在于，该便携式物体包括控制元件，该控制元件能够在两个预定的位置之间移位，所述两个预定的位置为有源位置和无源位置，所述通讯设备在该有源位置被激活，所述通讯设备在该无源位置失效；所述电路包括旁路分支(6)，该旁路分支(6)设置有开关(7)，该开关(7)能够根据控制元件从其预定的位置中的一个到另一个的移位而在打开状态和关闭状态之间切换，从而引起电路的谐振频率的改变；所述便携式物体包括枢转的表圈(21)，该表圈(21)是所述控制元件。
2.一种便携式物体，其包括近场通讯设备，该便携式物体是手表，该通讯设备包括电子芯片(1)，该电子芯片(1)设置有连接到电路的两个端子(2、3)，该电路包括天线(4)和滤波器(5)，所述通讯设备设置成以对应于电路的谐振频率的规定频率进行接收和发送，其特征在于，该便携式物体包括控制元件，该控制元件能够在两个预定的位置之间移位，所述两个预定的位置为有源位置和无源位置，所述通讯设备在该有源位置被激活，所述通讯设备在该无源位置失效；所述电路包括旁路分支(6)，该旁路分支(6)设置有开关(7)，该开关(7)能够根据所述控制元件从其预定的位置中的一个到另一个的移位而在打开状态和关闭状态之间切换，从而引起电路的谐振频率的改变；所述便携式物体包括手表表冠或按钮，该手表表冠或按钮是所述控制元件。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述电路包括电桥(8)，该电桥(8)与天线(4)平行，并且承载有电容(9)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述天线(4)和电桥(8)连接到所述电子芯片(1)的端子(2、3)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述旁路分支(6)连接到电子芯片(1)的端子(2、3)。
6.根据权利要求3所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，电桥(8)包括与电容(9)串联安装的第二部件(10)；所述旁路分支(6)安装成与第二部件(10)平行，其中，所述旁路分支(6)在一侧连接到所述电子芯片(1)的一个端子(2)，在另一侧连接在所述电桥(8)的两个部件之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述第二部件(10)是电容或电感。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述旁路分支(6)还包括与开关(7)串联安装的部件(11)，该部件(11)是电容、电感或电阻。
9.根据权利要求3所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，电感(12)安装在所述电子芯片(1)的一个端子(3)和所述电容(9)之间；所述旁路分支(6)安装成与所述电感(12)平行。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述开关(7)是簧片开关；所述便携式物体包括永磁体，该永磁体能够相对于所述簧片开关移动，并且能够响应于控制元件的移位而改变簧片开关的状态。
11.根据权利要求10所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述便携式物体包括安全开关，该安全开关设置成在存在外部磁场的情况下与簧片开关同时改变状态。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的便携式物体，其特征在于，所述便携式物体包括弹性恢复装置(26)，该弹性恢复装置(26)设置成使所述控制元件从有源位置自动返回至无源位置。
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