CN108251651B - method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag generated in zinc smelting process - Google Patents
method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag generated in zinc smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Cd] PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- BLXAFHJYLUNBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Cd].[Zn] Chemical compound [Pb].[Cd].[Zn] BLXAFHJYLUNBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIXVIWRPMFITIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium lead Chemical compound [Cd].[Pb] ZIXVIWRPMFITIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 87
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 85
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 77
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical group [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009858 zinc metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，将铜镉渣、镍钴渣或铜镉渣与镍钴渣的混合物配入煤粉及碱土金属氧化物，混合物制球后真空蒸馏，蒸馏压力为200Pa以下，开始加热，蒸馏温度为900℃～1200℃，然后保温0.5～10小时，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为铅、锌、镉合金物料，蒸馏残渣为铜、镍、钴等。本发明利用铜镉渣和镍钴渣中铅、锌、镉与铜、镍、钴在不同温度时的蒸气压差异来实现铜镉渣及镍钴渣中铅、锌、镉与铜、镍、钴的分离。在蒸馏过程中大量的铅、锌、镉会被分离出去，蒸馏残渣中剩余物为铜、镍、钴，实现了铜镉渣和镍钴渣中金属的初步分离。该方法操作方便，能源利用率和加热效率高，安全卫生无污染。The invention discloses a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. Powder and alkaline earth metal oxides, the mixture is made into balls and then vacuum distilled, the distillation pressure is below 200Pa, heating is started, the distillation temperature is 900°C-1200°C, and then kept for 0.5-10 hours, and the distillate obtained from the distillation is collected as lead and zinc , cadmium alloy materials, and the distillation residue is copper, nickel, cobalt, etc. The present invention utilizes the difference in vapor pressure between lead, zinc, cadmium and copper, nickel and cobalt in copper cadmium slag and nickel cobalt slag to realize the combination of lead, zinc, cadmium and copper, nickel, cobalt in copper cadmium slag and nickel cobalt slag. Separation of cobalt. A large amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium will be separated during the distillation process, and the residue in the distillation residue is copper, nickel, and cobalt, which realizes the preliminary separation of metals in copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag. The method is convenient to operate, has high energy utilization rate and heating efficiency, and is safe, hygienic and pollution-free.
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明属于锌冶金领域，涉及炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣的初步分离，具体涉及一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法。The invention belongs to the field of zinc metallurgy, and relates to the preliminary separation of copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process, in particular to a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from the copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process .
【背景技术】【Background technique】
湿法炼锌是锌提取冶金的主要方法，湿法炼锌的工序主要有：锌精矿焙烧、焙砂硫酸溶液浸出、硫酸锌溶液净化，净化后硫酸锌溶液电积产出金属锌。硫酸锌浸出液中通常含有铜、镉、镍、钴等杂质金属，而这些金属的去除方法主要是采用锌粉还原法，由于铜镉和镍钴的去除条件不同，一般这四种金属的去除的方法分两步进行，对应的产出铜镉渣和镍钴渣，因锌精矿原料成分及硫酸锌净化条件不同，不同厂家产出的铜镉渣和镍钴渣的组成也有差异。铜镉渣和镍钴渣的一般成分见表1：Zinc hydrometallurgy is the main method of zinc extraction metallurgy. The zinc hydrometallurgy process mainly includes: roasting of zinc concentrate, leaching of calcine with sulfuric acid solution, purification of zinc sulfate solution, and electrowinning of zinc sulfate solution after purification to produce metallic zinc. The zinc sulfate leaching solution usually contains copper, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and other impurity metals, and the removal method of these metals is mainly the zinc powder reduction method. Due to the different removal conditions of copper, cadmium and nickel and cobalt, the removal of these four metals is generally The method is carried out in two steps, and the corresponding copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag are produced. Due to the difference in raw material composition of zinc concentrate and zinc sulfate purification conditions, the composition of copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced by different manufacturers is also different. The general composition of copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag is shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
铜镉渣和镍钴渣中锌主要以金属形态存在，少量以硫酸锌形态存在；铁主要以氢氧化铁形态存在；钴、铅、镍、镉等除小部分以硫酸盐形态存在外，主要是以金属形态存在；锰以硫酸锰形态存在。Zinc in copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag mainly exists in the form of metal, and a small amount exists in the form of zinc sulfate; iron mainly exists in the form of ferric hydroxide; except for a small part of cobalt, lead, nickel, cadmium, etc. It exists in the form of metal; manganese exists in the form of manganese sulfate.
目前以上两种渣主要的处理方式为湿法浸出、分离、回收，即用酸或铵溶液对渣进行选择性浸出，而后从溶液中采用多种方法对其中的金属进行分离回收。专利“一种铜镉渣的回收方法”(201410174714.4)公开了一种铜镉渣的回收方法，其主要工艺流程为：铜镉渣浸出-一次置换-压饼-溢流浆料造液-二次置换-压饼得粗镉-粗镉还原熔炼-精镉连续真空蒸馏生产精镉。以上方法的问题是：工艺冗长，并且在浸出、分离等工序会产生含重金属的废液和废渣，废液和废渣会造成环境污染。At present, the main treatment methods for the above two kinds of slag are wet leaching, separation, and recovery, that is, the slag is selectively leached with acid or ammonium solution, and then the metals in it are separated and recovered from the solution by various methods. The patent "a recovery method for copper cadmium slag" (201410174714.4) discloses a recovery method for copper cadmium slag. Substitution-crude cadmium obtained by cake pressing-crude cadmium reduction smelting-refined cadmium continuous vacuum distillation to produce refined cadmium. The problem of the above method is: the process is lengthy, and the waste liquid and waste residue containing heavy metals will be produced in the leaching, separation and other processes, and the waste liquid and waste residue will cause environmental pollution.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
基于现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，本发明能够解决现有技术中工序多，工艺冗长，金属回收率低、污染物产生量大的问题，并使铜镉渣和镍钴渣中的大部分金属实现有效分离。Based on the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. Long-winded, low metal recovery, large amount of pollutants, and effective separation of most metals in copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag.
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请采用如下技术方案予以实现：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the application adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，向原料中加入煤粉和碱土金属氧化物粉末，充分混合形成混合物，对混合物进行压球，然后将压球后的混合物进行真空蒸馏，蒸馏温度为900℃～1200℃，保温时间为0.5～10小时，蒸馏结束后降温，降温过程中，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物，馏出物即为锌镉铅合金物料；A method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process, adding coal powder and alkaline earth metal oxide powder to the raw materials, fully mixing to form a mixture, pressing the mixture into balls, and then Vacuum distill the mixture after pressing the ball, the distillation temperature is 900°C-1200°C, and the holding time is 0.5-10 hours. After the distillation is completed, the temperature is lowered. During the cooling process, the distillate obtained from the distillation is collected, and the distillate is zinc. Cadmium-lead alloy materials;
所述原料为铜镉渣、镍钴渣或铜镉渣与镍钴渣的混合料，原料、煤粉与碱土金属氧化物粉末之间的质量配比范围为：原料∶煤粉∶碱土金属氧化物粉末＝100∶(0.5-50)∶(0.5-50)。The raw material is copper-cadmium slag, nickel-cobalt slag or a mixture of copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag, and the mass ratio range between raw material, coal powder and alkaline earth metal oxide powder is: raw material: coal powder: alkaline earth metal oxide Material powder=100:(0.5-50):(0.5-50).
压球后的混合物进行真空蒸馏时，压力不高于200Pa。When the mixture after pressing the ball is subjected to vacuum distillation, the pressure is not higher than 200Pa.
铜镉渣及镍钴渣为湿法炼锌工艺中硫酸锌净化工序产出的分别净化铜镉和镍钴产出的净化渣；或者为冶炼镉过程产出的含镉渣及锌熔炼过程产出的含锌渣。Copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag are purified slag produced by purifying copper cadmium and nickel-cobalt produced in the zinc sulfate purification process in the hydrometallurgy process; Zinc-containing slag.
蒸馏后的剩余残渣为包含铜、镍、钴、铁和锰的混合物料。The residue remaining after distillation is a mixed feed comprising copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese.
煤粉为原煤粉、焦粉或兰炭粉。Coal powder is raw coal powder, coke powder or blue charcoal powder.
碱土金属氧化物粉末为生石灰粉、白云石粉或石灰石粉。The alkaline earth metal oxide powder is quicklime powder, dolomite powder or limestone powder.
压球后的混合物在真空蒸馏炉中进行真空蒸馏。The mixture after briquetting is vacuum distilled in a vacuum distillation furnace.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明的方法是利用原料中的锌、铅和镉与原料中铜、镍和钴等金属在不同温度时的蒸气压差异来实现原料中锌、铅和镉与原料中铜、镍和锰等金属的分离，加入煤粉及碱土金属氧化物粉末的目的是使原料中以硫酸盐形式存在的铅和锌更易还原，使硫酸盐形态存在的铅和锌转变为金属态而挥发蒸馏，提高铅锌的蒸馏回收率。在蒸馏过程中大量的锌、铅和镉会被蒸馏挥发，馏出物中锌、铅和镉富集，便于后续的馏出物与蒸馏残渣中金属的进一步分离。本发明方法操作方便，能源利用率和加热效率高，安全卫生无污染。本发明的方法获得的锌、铅、镉富集物，其主要是以金属态存在，后续分离工序简单，该方法具有富集速度快、生产效率高的特点。通过本发明的方法分离渣中的金属，具有流程短，周期短，效率高，资源综合利用率高的特点，可以大大提高渣中金属的分离提取效率。采用本发明的方法可获得铅、锌、镉的挥发率在98％以上。The method of the present invention utilizes the vapor pressure difference between zinc, lead and cadmium in the raw material and metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt in the raw material at different temperatures to realize the combination of zinc, lead and cadmium in the raw material and copper, nickel and manganese in the raw material. For the separation of metals, the purpose of adding coal powder and alkaline earth metal oxide powder is to make the lead and zinc in the form of sulfate in the raw materials more easily reduced, so that the lead and zinc in the form of sulfate can be transformed into metals for volatilization and distillation, and the lead Distillation recovery of zinc. During the distillation process, a large amount of zinc, lead and cadmium will be volatilized by distillation, and the zinc, lead and cadmium in the distillate will be enriched, which will facilitate the further separation of the subsequent distillate and the metals in the distillation residue. The method of the invention is convenient to operate, high in energy utilization rate and heating efficiency, safe, hygienic and pollution-free. The enrichment of zinc, lead and cadmium obtained by the method of the present invention mainly exists in a metal state, and the subsequent separation process is simple, and the method has the characteristics of fast enrichment speed and high production efficiency. The method for separating the metals in the slag has the characteristics of short process, short period, high efficiency and high resource comprehensive utilization rate, and can greatly improve the separation and extraction efficiency of the metals in the slag. By adopting the method of the invention, the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium can be above 98%.
【具体实施方式】【Detailed ways】
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体内容作进一步详细地说明。The specific content of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the examples.
本发明的从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法在实施时，将铜镉渣和镍钴渣的混合料或两者单独作为原料，在原料中按比例配入煤粉及碱土金属氧化物粉末，原料、煤粉与碱土金属氧化物粉末之间的质量配比范围为：原料∶煤粉∶碱土金属氧化物粉末＝100∶(0.5-50)∶(0.5-50)，将混入煤粉和碱土金属氧化物粉末的混合料充分混合，得到混合物，再将混合物压球，而后将压球后的混合物加入真空蒸馏炉中，对真空蒸馏炉抽真空，直至真空蒸馏炉内压力在200Pa以下，开始对真空蒸馏炉加热，真空蒸馏炉中的蒸馏温度为900℃～1200℃，然后保温，保温时间为0.5～10小时，蒸馏结束后降温，降温过程中，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物，馏出物即为锌、镉和铅合金物料，蒸馏剩余残渣为含铜、镍、钴、铁和锰的混合物料，至此，实现了铜镉渣、镍钴渣或铜镉渣与镍钴渣混合物料中主要成分的初步分离。初步蒸馏分离获得的锌、镉和铅合金可做进一步的分离提纯，获得单一金属。蒸馏残渣可进一步分离其中的铜、镍和钴等。The method for separating the zinc-cadmium-lead alloy material from the copper-cadmium slag and the nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process of the present invention is implemented, and the mixed material of the copper-cadmium slag and the nickel-cobalt slag or both are used as a raw material separately, and in the raw material Add coal powder and alkaline earth metal oxide powder in proportion, and the mass ratio range between raw material, coal powder and alkaline earth metal oxide powder is: raw material: coal powder: alkaline earth metal oxide powder=100: (0.5-50) : (0.5-50), the mixture mixed with coal powder and alkaline earth metal oxide powder is fully mixed to obtain the mixture, and then the mixture is pressed into balls, and then the mixture after the balls is added to the vacuum distillation furnace, and the vacuum distillation furnace is pumped Vacuum, until the pressure in the vacuum distillation furnace is below 200Pa, start to heat the vacuum distillation furnace, the distillation temperature in the vacuum distillation furnace is 900 ° C ~ 1200 ° C, and then keep it warm for 0.5 to 10 hours. After the distillation is completed, cool down. During the process, the distillate obtained by distillation is collected, which is zinc, cadmium and lead alloy materials, and the remaining residue after distillation is a mixed material containing copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese. So far, copper cadmium slag, Preliminary separation of main components in nickel-cobalt slag or copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag mixture. The zinc, cadmium and lead alloys obtained by preliminary distillation separation can be further separated and purified to obtain single metals. The distillation residue can further separate copper, nickel and cobalt, etc.
本发明的铜镉渣及镍钴渣为湿法炼锌硫酸锌净化工序产出的净化铜、镉、镍、钴产出的净化渣；或者为冶炼镉过程产出的含镉渣及锌熔炼过程产出的含锌渣；煤粉为原煤粉、焦粉或兰炭粉；碱土金属氧化物粉末为生石灰粉、白云石粉或石灰石粉。The copper-cadmium slag and the nickel-cobalt slag of the present invention are purified copper, cadmium, nickel, and cobalt output purification slag produced in the zinc sulfate purification process of hydrometallurgy; Zinc-containing slag produced in the process; coal powder is raw coal powder, coke powder or semi-coal powder; alkaline earth metal oxide powder is quicklime powder, dolomite powder or limestone powder.
本发明的原理是，在铜镉渣和镍钴渣中，大多数的金属以金属或合金的形式存在，有少部分的金属硫酸盐，根据渣中金属在加热过程中蒸气压的差异，金属硫酸盐还原分解的规律，利用此性质将铜镉渣和镍钴渣中易挥发的组分进行分离。The principle of the present invention is that in copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag, most metals exist in the form of metal or alloy, and there is a small part of metal sulfate. According to the difference in vapor pressure of metal in the slag during heating, the metal The rule of sulfate reduction decomposition is used to separate the volatile components in copper cadmium slag and nickel cobalt slag.
遵从上述技术方案，以下给出本发明的具体实施例，需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例，凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。Comply with above-mentioned technical solution, the specific embodiment of the present invention is given below, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiment, all equivalent transformations done on the basis of the technical solution of the present application all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention . The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the examples.
需要说明的是，下述实施例中，铜镉渣和镍钴渣产自湿法炼锌过程硫酸锌溶液净化工序。也可以采用镉冶炼过程产生的含镉渣及锌熔炼过程产出的含锌渣料来替换。It should be noted that, in the following examples, the copper-cadmium slag and the nickel-cobalt slag are produced from the zinc sulfate solution purification process in the zinc hydrometallurgy process. It can also be replaced by cadmium-containing slag produced in the cadmium smelting process and zinc-containing slag produced in the zinc smelting process.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶煤粉∶生石灰(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coal powder: quicklime (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump, make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down after the heat preservation is over After reaching normal temperature, break the vacuum, and collect the distillate obtained by distillation, which is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.8％、99.2％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.8%, 99.2% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶50∶50进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100: 50: 50. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a ball pressing machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a ball of φ10mm Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over. After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.8％、99.5％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.8%, 99.5% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度900℃时保温0.5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5, and after the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a ball pressing machine to press the ball at a pressure of 24MPa to make a ball of φ10mm Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 900°C for 0.5 hours, and cool it down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到72.8％、79.5％和79.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 72.8%, 79.5% and 79.8% respectively.
实施例4：Example 4:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶50∶50进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1200℃时保温10小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100: 50: 50. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a ball pressing machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a ball of φ10mm Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump, make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1200°C for 10 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.9％、99.9％和99.9％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.9% respectively.
实施例5：Example 5:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried nickel-cobalt slag is mixed according to nickel-cobalt slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm ball. Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over. After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.5％、99.2％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.5%, 99.2% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例6：Embodiment 6:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度900℃时保温0.5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried nickel-cobalt slag is mixed according to nickel-cobalt slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm ball. Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 900°C for 0.5 hours, and cool it down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到79.5％、79.2％和79.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 79.5%, 79.2% and 79.8% respectively.
实施例7：Embodiment 7:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶50∶50进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1200℃时保温10小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried nickel-cobalt slag is mixed according to nickel-cobalt slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:50:50. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm ball. Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump, make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1200°C for 10 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.7％、99.5％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.7%, 99.5% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例8：Embodiment 8:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1200℃时保温10小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried nickel-cobalt slag is mixed according to nickel-cobalt slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm ball. Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump, make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1200°C for 10 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.4％、99.6％和99.7％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.4%, 99.6% and 99.7% respectively.
实施例9：Embodiment 9:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度900℃时保温0.5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is mixed according to mixed slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:0.5:0.5, and the ingredients are mixed evenly. The ball machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them in the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, and heat to The temperature is kept at 900°C for 0.5 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到78.5％、78.2％和78.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 78.5%, 78.2% and 78.8% respectively.
实施例10：Example 10:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is mixed according to mixed slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25, and the ingredients are mixed evenly. The ball machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them in the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, and heat to The temperature is kept at 1000°C for 5 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到89.5％、89.2％和89.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 89.5%, 89.2% and 89.8% respectively.
实施例11：Example 11:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶煤粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶50∶50进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1200℃时保温10小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is mixed according to mixed slag: coal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:50:50, and the ingredients are mixed evenly. The ball machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them in the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, and heat to The temperature is kept at 1200°C for 10 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.8％、99.7％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.8%, 99.7% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例12：Example 12:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶兰炭粉∶生石灰(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: blue charcoal powder: quicklime (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5, and after the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a ball pressing machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a ball of φ10mm Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over. After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.6％、99％和99.5％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.6%, 99% and 99.5% respectively.
实施例13：Example 13:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶焦粉∶生石灰(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coke powder: quicklime (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5, and after the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm pellet , put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool it down to normal temperature after the heat preservation is over Break the vacuum and collect the distillate obtained by distillation, which is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.8％、99.2％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.8%, 99.2% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例14：Example 14:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶煤粉∶石灰石粉(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coal powder: limestone powder (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a ball pressing machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a ball of φ10mm Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over. After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.2％、99.2％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.2%, 99.2% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例15：Example 15:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg铜镉渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的铜镉渣中按铜镉渣∶煤粉∶白云石粉(质量比)＝100∶0.5∶0.5进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried copper cadmium slag is mixed according to copper cadmium slag: coal powder: dolomite powder (mass ratio) = 100: 0.5: 0.5. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm ball. Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over. After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.2％、99.1％和99.2％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.2%, 99.1% and 99.2% respectively.
实施例16：Example 16:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶焦粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried nickel-cobalt slag is mixed according to nickel-cobalt slag: coke powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm ball. Put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to room temperature after the heat preservation is over. After breaking the vacuum, collecting the distillate obtained by distillation is the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.2％、99.1％和99.8％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.2%, 99.1% and 99.8% respectively.
实施例17：Example 17:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶兰炭粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The dried nickel-cobalt slag is mixed according to nickel-cobalt slag: blue charcoal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm Pellets, put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump, make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to After normal temperature, the vacuum is broken, and the distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.4％、99.2％和99.7％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.4%, 99.2% and 99.7% respectively.
实施例18：Example 18:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：取0.5kg镍钴渣在100℃烘干，烘干后的镍钴渣中按镍钴渣∶兰炭粉∶白云石粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. In the dried nickel-cobalt slag, mix according to nickel-cobalt slag: semi-coke powder: dolomite powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25. After the ingredients are mixed evenly, use a briquetting machine to press the ball under a pressure of 24MPa to make a φ10mm Pellets, put the mixture pellets in a graphite crucible and put them in a vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump, make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heat it to 1000°C for 5 hours, and cool down to After normal temperature, the vacuum is broken, and the distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到99.3％、99.1％和99.5％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 99.3%, 99.1% and 99.5% respectively.
实施例19：Example 19:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶焦粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is mixed according to the mixed slag: coke powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25, and the ingredients are mixed evenly. The ball machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them in the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, and heat to The temperature is kept at 1000°C for 5 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到89.6％、89.8％和89.5％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 89.6%, 89.8% and 89.5% respectively.
实施例20：Example 20:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶兰炭粉∶生石灰粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is prepared according to mixed slag: blue charcoal powder: quicklime powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25, and the ingredients are mixed evenly before use The ball pressing machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them into the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heating When the temperature reaches 1000°C, it is kept for 5 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature, and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到89.6％、89.8％和89.5％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 89.6%, 89.8% and 89.5% respectively.
实施例21：Example 21:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶兰炭粉∶石灰石粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is mixed according to mixed slag: blue charcoal powder: limestone powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25, and the ingredients are mixed evenly before use The ball pressing machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them into the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heating When the temperature reaches 1000°C, it is kept for 5 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature, and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到89.6％、89.6％和89.4％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 89.6%, 89.6% and 89.4% respectively.
实施例22：Example 22:
本实施例给出一种从炼锌过程产生的铜镉渣和镍钴渣中分离锌镉铅合金物料的方法，该方法的具体过程为：分别取经100℃烘干后的镍钴渣和铜镉渣，两种渣按1∶1(质量比)混合后的混合渣，混合渣按混合渣∶兰炭粉∶白云石粉(质量比)＝100∶25∶25进行配料，配料混合均匀后采用压球机在24MPa压强下压球，制成φ10mm的球团，将混合料球团置于石墨坩埚中放入真空蒸馏炉内，开启真空泵，使得真空炉内压力达到200Pa以下，开始加热，加热至温度1000℃时保温5小时，保温结束后降温至常温后破真空，收集蒸馏获得的馏出物即为分离出的铅锌镉合金物料。This embodiment provides a method for separating zinc-cadmium-lead alloy materials from copper-cadmium slag and nickel-cobalt slag produced in the zinc smelting process. The specific process of the method is: respectively take nickel-cobalt slag and copper Cadmium slag, the mixed slag after the two kinds of slag are mixed according to 1:1 (mass ratio), the mixed slag is prepared according to mixed slag: blue charcoal powder: dolomite powder (mass ratio) = 100:25:25, and the ingredients are mixed evenly before use The ball pressing machine presses the balls under the pressure of 24MPa to make pellets of φ10mm, put the mixture pellets in the graphite crucible and put them into the vacuum distillation furnace, turn on the vacuum pump to make the pressure in the vacuum furnace below 200Pa, start heating, heating When the temperature reaches 1000°C, it is kept for 5 hours. After the heat preservation is completed, the temperature is lowered to normal temperature, and the vacuum is broken. The distillate obtained by distillation is collected as the separated lead-zinc-cadmium alloy material.
对蒸馏残渣进行称重、分析其中的铅、锌、镉的含量，计算铅锌镉的挥发率，经过蒸馏后铅、锌和镉的挥发率分别达到89.4％、89.5％和89.3％。Weigh the distillation residue, analyze the content of lead, zinc and cadmium, and calculate the volatilization rate of lead, zinc and cadmium. After distillation, the volatilization rates of lead, zinc and cadmium reach 89.4%, 89.5% and 89.3% respectively.
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