CN109554550B - Method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
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- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling zinc by comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust, which comprises the steps of mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent and an additive, pressing the mixture into pellets, feeding the pellets into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain a gaseous simple substance zinc volatile substance, condensing the volatile substance into a solid after passing through a condensation collector, and collecting the solid to obtain a high-purity zinc ingot. The method promotes the reduction of zinc in the steelmaking dust, realizes the recycling of the steelmaking dust, obtains high-quality zinc ingots, reduces the energy consumption in the vacuum condition control in the steelmaking dust treatment process, has simple process and simple and convenient operation, can effectively evaporate the zinc in the steelmaking dust by vacuum reduction, achieves the aim of condensing and collecting simple substance zinc, ensures that the recovery rate of the zinc in the steelmaking dust is as high as 97.76 percent, effectively solves the problems of higher cost, serious pollution, high energy consumption and large three-waste output in the prior art when the zinc-containing steelmaking dust is treated, and finally realizes the aim of recycling waste materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of secondary resources, and particularly relates to a method for comprehensively utilizing and recovering zinc from steelmaking dust.
Background
Iron and steel enterprises can generate a large amount of dust in the processes of iron making, steel rolling and the like, which accounts for about 10% of the total steel yield, is one of the main pollution sources of iron and steel plants, and is a potential secondary resource. Because the raw materials and fuel levels of various iron and steel enterprises are different, the dust not only has higher iron content, but also has higher zinc content, if the dust is directly used as a mixture to return to sintering, the zinc can be continuously and circularly enriched, the adverse effects of blast furnace nodulation, upwarp and damage of a tuyere and the like can be brought, and the smooth operation of the iron and steel smelting process is seriously damaged.
However, the quantity of zinc resources in China is small, the consumption is large, the utilization of recycled regenerated zinc needs to be increased, and ferrous metallurgy dust is an important regenerated zinc source. However, the quality of the zinc-containing dust is far inferior to that of the traditional zinc smelting raw material, the zinc extraction value is limited, and the zinc-containing dust can not be directly used for zinc smelting enterprises generally, so that how to effectively utilize the zinc-containing dust is an important problem in the industry.
The traditional zinc-containing dust treatment method mainly comprises a wet method and a fire method. The wet treatment process has complex flow, difficult control and low economic benefit, generates a lot of chemical wastes, causes environmental pollution, is difficult to optimize and cannot be used on a large scale. Therefore, the treatment of the zinc-containing dust is concentrated on the pyrometallurgical process at present, but the pyrometallurgical process requires higher treatment temperature, consumes more energy and has larger equipment investment.
At present, there are some documents on recovering zinc from steel-making dust for secondary use, for example:
1. patent application CN201710643213.X discloses a steel-making dust recycling method and vacuum reduction electric furnace equipment used by the same, the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing steel-making dust, coke powder, calcium oxide and water according to a ratio of 53:20:15:12 to prepare pre-reduction pellets, putting the pre-reduction pellets into a rotary furnace, reducing the pre-reduction temperature at 1050 ℃ for 60min, collecting first high-temperature furnace waste gas of the rotary furnace and slag (first iron-containing slag) in the high-temperature furnace, and filtering the first high-temperature furnace waste gas to obtain first zinc-containing dust; crushing the first iron-containing slag, uniformly mixing the crushed first iron-containing slag with coke powder, calcium oxide and water according to the ratio of 55:18:15:12 to prepare secondary reduction pellets, putting the secondary reduction pellets into an electric furnace for secondary reduction, controlling the pre-reduction temperature to 1150 ℃ for reduction for 50min, collecting the waste gas of a second high-temperature furnace of the rotary furnace, and filtering the waste gas of the second high-temperature furnace to obtain second zinc-containing dust; finally, uniformly mixing the crude zinc oxide dust (prepared by mixing the first zinc-containing dust and the second zinc-containing dust) or the fine zinc oxide dust (prepared by mixing the second zinc-containing dust) and iron powder according to the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, pressing into blocks, placing the blocks in a high-frequency induction heating furnace, preserving the temperature for 2 hours at 1100 ℃ for carrying out redox reaction, and finally condensing and collecting to obtain simple-substance zinc blocks; finally, the extraction rate of the final zinc can reach more than 95 percent, the grade of the iron content in the iron-containing slag material reaches more than 60 percent, and the method is economical and environment-friendly and can well realize the purpose of recycling the waste materials. Therefore, the patent application adopts the steps of carrying out pre-reduction treatment firstly, and carrying out the pre-reduction step and the reduction roasting treatment separately, so that the whole process flow is prolonged, and the temperature in the pre-reduction step is higher, and the energy consumption is higher; and secondary pre-reduction treatment is needed in the treatment process, so that the cost is further increased.
2. Patent application CN201010237178.X discloses a process for recovering zinc and iron from waste galvanized sheet steel-making dust, which takes the waste galvanized sheet steel-making dust as a raw material, the raw material is crushed and screened to obtain a leaching material, zinc oxide in the leaching material is leached by using normal-temperature weak acid, zinc ferrite is leached by using high-temperature strong acid, and the leaching rate of zinc in the whole leaching process is higher than 95%; the leaching solution is subjected to iron precipitation by a phosphoric acid iron precipitation process, and the iron precipitation rate reaches 99%; extracting and electrodepositing the purified zinc-rich liquid to obtain electrodeposited zinc; the ferric phosphate obtained by the phosphoric acid iron precipitation process can be further hydrolyzed to generate Fe (OH)3And HPO4 2-Reaction of Fe (OH)3Can be used as raw material of iron and steel plant, and HPO4 2-Can realize the recycling of the iron precipitation agent phosphoric acid. The invention can not only recover the metal zinc and the metal iron in the steel-making dust of the waste galvanized plate, but also realize the recycling of the iron-precipitating agent phosphoric acid. However, the patent application adopts a wet treatment process, which is complicated in process flow and difficult to control, and if the process is large, the process flow is difficult to controlThe scale use can generate a lot of chemical wastes, which causes environmental pollution and brings low economic benefit.
3. Patent application CN201710639195.8 discloses a method for extracting lead and zinc from crude zinc oxide recovered from steelmaking dust, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing the crude zinc oxide into spherical particles, and adding the spherical particles into an oxidation smelting furnace for heating, oxidation and refining; 2) volatilizing zinc and lead elements out of the furnace body in a gaseous state, changing the zinc and lead elements into dust when meeting oxygen, and collecting the dust containing the zinc and the lead by using a container; 3) putting the dust into a hydrochloric acid solution, stirring and dissolving, wherein the zinc component exists in a zinc ion solution form, and the lead component exists in a lead chloride solid form; 4) adding a sodium carbonate solution into a zinc ion solution to generate zinc carbonate, and adding a sodium carbonate solution into lead chloride to generate lead carbonate; 5) and (5) washing and drying. The invention has simple process and convenient operation, and the finally prepared PbCO3And ZnCO3The purity can reach more than 98 percent, the purity of PbO and ZnO can reach more than 99 percent, and the simple substance Zn and Pb can reach more than 99.9 percent. However, the patent application adopts reduction roasting treatment firstly and then wet process treatment, the whole process is carried out in two steps, the whole process flow is complex, the energy consumption is high, the control is difficult, and more chemical wastes and environmental pollution can be generated if the process is used on a large scale.
Therefore, how to effectively recycle the zinc in the zinc-containing steelmaking dust and the obtained residue can be used as the ingredient for secondary utilization is a key problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for comprehensively utilizing and recycling zinc from steelmaking dust to solve the technical problems. According to the method, the additive is added, the reduction of zinc in the steelmaking dust is promoted, the recovery of the steelmaking dust is realized, high-quality zinc ingots are obtained, the energy consumption in the process of processing the steelmaking dust under the vacuum condition is reduced, the process is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the vacuum reduction can effectively evaporate the zinc in the steelmaking dust, the purpose of condensing and collecting elemental zinc is achieved, the recovery rate of the zinc in the steelmaking dust is up to 97.76%, the problems of high cost, heavy pollution, high energy consumption and large three-waste output in the prior art in the process of processing the zinc-containing steelmaking dust are effectively solved, and the purpose of recycling waste materials is finally realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent, an additive and water, wherein the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are mixed according to the following weight parts: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 6-8 parts of reducing agent, 0-2 parts of additive and 0.4-0.7 part of water, and then feeding the materials into a mold with the diameter of 20.01-30 mm and the pressure of 11-19 MPa to press the materials into pellets; the additive is diboron trioxide, and the reducing agent is coke powder;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to be 850-950 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 10-100 Pa, and carrying out constant temperature treatment for 80-100 min;
(3) and (3) the volatile matter obtained in the step (2) is gaseous simple substance zinc, the gaseous simple substance zinc is condensed into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and the solid is collected to obtain the high-purity zinc ingot.
Further, in step (1), the mixing method of the raw materials before being pressed into the pellets is as follows: the steelmaking dust and the reducing agent are uniformly mixed, the mixture is sent into a grinder to be ground into powder with the granularity of 80-120 meshes, and then the additive and the water are added to be mixed.
Further, before the steelmaking dust and the reducing agent are mixed, ball milling is carried out on the steelmaking dust by adopting a ball mill to obtain powder with the granularity of 30-60 meshes.
Further, in the step (2), before the pellets are sent into the vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying oven for drying until the moisture content is 0.
Further, the drying temperature is not less than 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 h.
The document "experimental study on recovery of zinc metal from electric furnace dust", journal of iron and steel research, du guanbao, zhangmei, guosmin, 2010-10-15, discloses: during stacking and transportation, the dust was partly agglomerated and had a moisture content of 1.94%. Crushing, drying, carbon preparation, pelletizing (adding a binder), drying to obtain test pellets (the diameter is 8-15 mm), putting the pellets into an alumina crucible, putting the alumina crucible into a furnace at a test temperature in a constant temperature zone, and performing a high-temperature roasting test under the condition of introducing nitrogen protective gas; placing the test pellets into a furnace, gradually reducing iron and zinc by carbon and CO at high temperature to obtain metallic iron, volatilizing zinc in the form of steam, and solidifying in a condenser under the cooling of an external water jacket to obtain metallic zinc; the results give: when the carbon/oxygen ratio is 1.2, the roasting temperature is 1100 ℃, and the reduction time is 10min, pellets with the metallization rate of 84.95% can be obtained, and metal zinc is collected. According to the method, substances are added into dust, pelletizing and roasting are carried out to recover zinc, carbon and CO reduce the zinc, other substances such as CO exist in gas besides a zinc simple substance, so that the substances obtained by final condensation are not necessarily pure zinc, and the process needs to be carried out under the protection of nitrogen, so that the recovery and treatment cost is increased. But the zinc reduction process is easier to carry out by adding the additive (diboron trioxide); in addition, the method selects reasonable vacuum degree to carry out vacuum reduction roasting on the steelmaking dust, greatly reduces the reaction temperature, does not need inert gas for protection, and reduces the energy consumption in the treatment process; in the application, the steelmaking dust is crushed and then is uniformly mixed with the reducing agent and the additive, so that the steelmaking dust can be fully contacted with the reducing agent and the additive, and the reaction can be fully carried out in the reduction roasting process, because the reaction mainly occurs on the surface layer of the particles, the dynamic condition is good; the addition of water makes the test block easier to form; the constant temperature treatment time is reasonable, energy is saved, the full operation of the reduction process is ensured, the zinc base can be completely volatilized, and then the zinc ingot is obtained by condensation and collection.
The application has the following reaction principle: the method takes the coke powder as a reducing agent, reduces zinc in the steelmaking dust pellets into a simple substance by a reduction roasting method and discharges the simple substance in a gaseous state, valuable metals such as iron and the like in the steelmaking dust pellets and other components remain in a vacuum furnace so as to separate zinc, zinc steam is condensed and collected by a device to obtain high-purity zinc ingots, and redundant tail gas is discharged after being adsorbed by active carbon, so that secondary pollution in the recovery process is avoided. According to the method, the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are uniformly mixed and then are made into pellets under the pressure of 11-19 MPa, so that the binding force of blocks is increased, the zinc oxide powder in the steelmaking dust can be fully contacted with the coke powder and the boron trioxide, and the zinc oxide in the blocks can be reduced into a simple zinc substance to the maximum extent. In addition, the method sets the reduction roasting condition to be 850-950 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 10-100 Pa, and the reaction is processed for 80-100 min at constant temperature; if the vacuum degree is higher than 100Pa, the temperature is lower than 850 ℃, and the treatment time is lower than 80min, the zinc oxide can not be fully reduced, and the zinc simple substance can not completely escape from the block body; if the vacuum degree is lower than 10Pa, the temperature is higher than 950 ℃, and the processing time is longer than 100min, the zinc oxide can not be fully reduced, and the zinc simple substance causes resource waste. By the method for recovering zinc by comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust, the recovery rate of zinc is up to 97.76 percent finally, the iron content in the obtained iron-containing material is up to 59.16 percent, and the iron-containing material can be directly reused as iron ore concentrate, so that resources are fully recovered and utilized.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in order to solve the defects, the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent and the additive are mixed, pressed into pellets, and then sent into the vacuum carbon tube furnace for reduction roasting treatment, the whole treatment process is an integral treatment, the reduction temperature is low, and the zinc in the steelmaking dust can be fully volatilized, so that the large energy consumption required by heating in the two pre-reduction processes is reduced, the cost of comprehensive utilization of the steelmaking dust is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the discharge amount of three wastes is reduced.
(2) The invention ensures that the gas pressure in the vacuum carbon tube furnace is low through the reasonable control of the vacuum degree, can promote the gasification and evaporation of metal, the decomposition and reduction of metal compounds and the degassing of molten metal, ensures that zinc is fully volatilized in the reduction roasting treatment process, improves the recovery rate of simple substance zinc, further accelerates the reaction speed and reduces the reaction temperature, ensures that the metallurgical operation can be carried out at low temperature, and reduces the energy consumption. For example: when the system pressure is 100Pa, the initial reaction temperature of the carbothermic reduction of MgO into magnesium metal steam is 1476K (namely 1203 ℃); the onset temperature for carbothermic reduction of MgO to magnesium metal vapor at atmospheric pressure is 2154K (i.e., 1881 ℃).
(3) This application combines vacuum to carry out reasonable control temperature for zinc obtains fully volatilizing in reduction roasting treatment process, has further improved the rate of recovery of simple substance zinc, avoids crossing low temperature simultaneously and difficultly making the zinc in the steelmaking dust volatilize out, also avoids volatilizing of higher temperature to lead to magnesium metal or manganese, reduces the energy consumption among the reduction roasting treatment process.
(4) This application is through the technological parameter of reasonable control vacuum reduction calcination for zinc volatilizees and other materials can not volatilize with the vapour form, forms high-purity zinc ingot in the condensation process.
(5) According to the method, the additive is added, the reduction of zinc in the steelmaking dust is promoted, the steelmaking dust is recycled, high-quality zinc ingots are obtained, the energy consumption in the process of controlling the vacuum condition in the steelmaking dust treatment process is reduced, the process is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the vacuum reduction can effectively evaporate the zinc in the steelmaking dust, the purpose of condensing and collecting elemental zinc is achieved, the recovery rate of the zinc in the steelmaking dust is up to 97.76%, and the problems of high cost, heavy pollution, high energy consumption and large three-waste output in the prior art in the process of treating the zinc-containing steelmaking dust are effectively solved.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
In the embodiment of the application, the steelmaking dust generated in the production process of a certain Guizhou factory is adopted, and the chemical components of the steelmaking dust are analyzed, so that the mass fractions of the components are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition and content of steelmaking dust
| Composition (I) | TFe | SiO2 | MgO | Al2O3 | MnO | Zn | Cu | As |
| Content (wt%) | 58.98 | 1.10 | 2.10 | 0.07 | 0.590 | 6.35 | 0.03 | 0.057 |
The main raw materials and the use amounts of the following raw materials in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the application are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 examples 1 to 5 main materials and amounts
| Steel-making dust/kg | Coke powder/kg | Diboron trioxide/kg | |
| Example 1 | 100 | 6 | 0 |
| Example 2 | 100 | 8 | 0 |
| Example 3 | 100 | 8 | 2 |
| Example 4 | 100 | 7 | 1 |
| Example 5 | 100 | 7 | 1.5 |
Example 1
A method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent and water, and pressing into pellets; the reducing agent is coke powder; the pressing into pellets is that the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent and water are uniformly mixed and then are sent into a die with the diameter of 20.01mm for ball pressing and forming; the pressure for pressing into pellets is 11 MPa; the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent and the water are mixed according to the following weight portion: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 6 parts of reducing agent and 0.4 part of water; before pressing into pellets, ball milling is carried out on the steelmaking dust by adopting a ball mill to obtain powder with the granularity of 30 meshes, the powder is uniformly mixed with a reducing agent, then the mixture is sent into a grinder to be ground into powder with the granularity of 80 meshes, and then water is added for mixing;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters and residues, wherein the residues are solids remained in the vacuum carbon tube furnace; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to be 850 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 10Pa, and carrying out constant temperature treatment for 100 min; before the pellets are sent into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying box for drying treatment until the moisture content is 0; the drying temperature is more than or equal to 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1 h;
(3) crushing and ball-milling the residues obtained in the step (2) to obtain iron-containing materials with improved grade; and (3) enabling the volatile matter in the step (2) to be gaseous simple substance zinc, condensing the volatile matter into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and collecting the solid to obtain the high-purity zinc ingot.
The chemical components and the contents of the steelmaking dust are shown in table 1, and the dosage ratios of the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are shown in table 2.
Example 2
A method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent and water, and pressing into pellets; the reducing agent is coke powder; the pressing into pellets is that the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent and water are uniformly mixed and then are sent into a die with the diameter of 30mm for ball pressing and forming; the pressure for pressing into pellets is 19 MPa; the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent and the water are mixed according to the following weight portion: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 8 parts of reducing agent and 0.7 part of water; before pressing into pellets, ball milling is carried out on the steelmaking dust by adopting a ball mill to obtain powder with the granularity of 60 meshes, the powder is uniformly mixed with a reducing agent, then the mixture is sent into a grinder to be ground into powder with the granularity of 120 meshes, and then water is added for mixing;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters and residues, wherein the residues are solids remained in the vacuum carbon tube furnace; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to 950 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 100Pa, and carrying out constant temperature treatment for 80 min; before the pellets are sent into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying box for drying treatment until the moisture content is 0; the drying temperature is more than or equal to 120 ℃, and the drying time is 3 hours;
(3) crushing and ball-milling the residues obtained in the step (2) to obtain iron-containing materials with improved grade; and (3) enabling the volatile matter in the step (2) to be gaseous simple substance zinc, condensing the volatile matter into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and collecting the solid to obtain the high-purity zinc ingot.
The chemical components and the contents of the steelmaking dust are shown in table 1, and the dosage ratios of the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are shown in table 2.
Example 3
A method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent, an additive and water, and pressing into pellets; the additive is boron trioxide; the reducing agent is coke powder; the pressing into pellets is that the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are uniformly mixed and then are sent into a die with the diameter of 21.05mm for ball pressing and forming; the pressure for pressing into pellets is 12 MPa; the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are mixed according to the following weight portion: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 8 parts of reducing agent, 2 parts of additive and 0.5 part of water; before pressing into pellets, ball milling is carried out on the steelmaking dust by adopting a ball mill to obtain powder with the granularity of 40 meshes, the powder is uniformly mixed with a reducing agent, then the mixture is sent into a grinder to be ground into powder with the granularity of 90 meshes, and then an additive and water are added for mixing;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters and residues, wherein the residues are solids remained in the vacuum carbon tube furnace; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to be 890 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 20Pa, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment for 89 min; before the pellets are sent into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying box for drying treatment until the moisture content is 0; the drying temperature is more than or equal to 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5 h;
(3) crushing and ball-milling the residues obtained in the step (2) to obtain iron-containing materials with improved grade; and (3) enabling the volatile matter in the step (2) to be gaseous simple substance zinc, condensing the volatile matter into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and collecting the solid to obtain the high-purity zinc ingot.
The chemical components and the contents of the steelmaking dust are shown in table 1, and the dosage ratios of the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are shown in table 2.
Example 4
A method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent, an additive and water, and pressing into pellets; the additive is boron trioxide; the reducing agent is coke powder; the pressing into pellets is that the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are uniformly mixed and then are sent into a die with the diameter of 29.01mm for ball pressing and forming; the pressure for pressing into pellets is 18 MPa; the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are mixed according to the following weight portion: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 7 parts of reducing agent, 1 part of additive and 0.6 part of water; before pressing into pellets, ball milling the steelmaking dust by using a ball mill, grinding the steelmaking dust into powder with the granularity of 50 meshes by using the ball mill, uniformly mixing the powder with a reducing agent, then feeding the mixture into a grinder to grind into powder with the granularity of 110 meshes, and then adding an additive and water for mixing;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters and residues, wherein the residues are solids remained in the vacuum carbon tube furnace; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to be 930 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 90Pa, and carrying out constant-temperature treatment for 85 min; before the pellets are sent into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying box for drying treatment until the moisture content is 0; the drying temperature is more than or equal to 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5 h;
(3) crushing and ball-milling the residues obtained in the step (2) to obtain iron-containing materials with improved grade; and (3) enabling the volatile matter in the step (2) to be gaseous simple substance zinc, condensing the volatile matter into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and collecting the solid to obtain the high-purity zinc ingot.
The chemical components and the contents of the steelmaking dust are shown in table 1, and the dosage ratios of the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are shown in table 2.
Example 5
A method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent, an additive and water, and pressing into pellets; the additive is boron trioxide; the reducing agent is coke powder; the pressing into pellets is that the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are uniformly mixed and then are sent into a die with the diameter of 25.00mm for ball pressing and forming; the pressure for pressing into pellets is 15 MPa; the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are mixed according to the following weight portion: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 7 parts of reducing agent, 1.5 parts of additive and 0.5 part of water; before pressing into pellets, ball milling is carried out on the steelmaking dust by adopting a ball mill to obtain powder with the granularity of 45 meshes, the powder is uniformly mixed with a reducing agent, then the mixture is sent into a grinder to be ground into powder with the granularity of 100 meshes, and then an additive and water are added for mixing;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters and residues, wherein the residues are solids remained in the vacuum carbon tube furnace; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to be 900 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 50Pa, and carrying out constant temperature treatment for 90 min; before the pellets are sent into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying box for drying treatment until the moisture content is 0; the drying temperature is more than or equal to 120 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours;
(3) crushing and ball-milling the residues obtained in the step (2) to obtain iron-containing materials with improved grade; and (3) enabling the volatile matter in the step (2) to be gaseous simple substance zinc, condensing the volatile matter into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and collecting the solid to obtain the high-purity zinc ingot.
The chemical components and the contents of the steelmaking dust are shown in table 1, and the dosage ratios of the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
The differences from the embodiments 1 to 5 are as follows: the pressure is controlled to be 1atm in the roasting process, and other conditions are not changed.
Comparative example 2
The differences from the embodiments 1 to 5 are as follows: the temperature is controlled to be 800 ℃ in the vacuum roasting process, and other conditions are unchanged.
Comparative example 3
The procedure is as described in the example of patent application cn201710643213. x.
Comparative example 4
The procedure was followed in the example of patent application cn201010237178. x.
The methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 of the present application were respectively subjected to a zinc recycling test for steel making dust, and the total of the zinc recovery rate, the iron content in the iron-containing material and the used cost after 100kg of steel making dust was treated by different methods was recorded, and the test results are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Experimental results of treating 100kg of steel-making dust by different methods
| Group of | Recovery rate of zinc | Iron content in iron-containing material | Cost totalization |
| Example 1 | 93.70％ | 61.69％ | 117 Yuan |
| Example 2 | 95.43％ | 59.16％ | 122 yuan |
| Example 3 | 97.76％ | 60.67％ | 168 Yuan |
| Example 4 | 96.25％ | 61.08％ | 143 yuan |
| Example 5 | 96.97％ | 61.96％ | 154 Yuan |
| Comparative example 1 | 48.03％ | 58.23％ | 156 yuan |
| Comparative example 2 | 90.26％ | 59.21％ | 138 Yuan |
| Comparative example 3 | 96.00％ | 60.00％ | 496 yuan |
| Comparative example 4 | 95.00％ | 62.56％ | 473 yuan |
As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 3, in the process of recycling zinc from steelmaking dust, the zinc recovery rate and the iron content in the iron-containing material are equivalent to those of the comparative examples 3 and 4, but when the steelmaking dust amount is the same, the cost required by the comparative examples 3 and 4 is obviously higher than that of the method, so that the method has obvious advantages in recycling zinc from the steelmaking dust.
To sum up, the reduction of zinc in steelmaking dust is promoted through the addition of the additive, the recycle of the steelmaking dust is realized, high-quality zinc ingots are obtained, the energy consumption during the control of vacuum conditions in the steelmaking dust treatment process is reduced, the process is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the zinc in the steelmaking dust can be effectively evaporated through vacuum reduction, the purpose of condensing and collecting simple substance zinc is achieved, the recovery rate of the zinc in the steelmaking dust is up to 97.76%, the problems of high cost, heavy pollution, high energy consumption and large three-waste output when the zinc-containing steelmaking dust is treated in the prior art are effectively solved, and the purpose of recycling waste materials is finally realized.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the steelmaking dust with a reducing agent, an additive and water, wherein the steelmaking dust, the reducing agent, the additive and the water are mixed according to the following weight parts: 100 parts of steelmaking dust, 7-8 parts of reducing agent, 1-2 parts of additive and 0.5-0.6 part of water, and then feeding the mixture into a mold with the diameter of 20.01-30 mm and the pressure of 12-18 MPa to press the mixture into pellets; the additive is diboron trioxide, and the reducing agent is coke powder;
(2) feeding the pellets in the step (1) into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting to obtain volatile matters; the vacuum roasting conditions are as follows: controlling the reaction temperature to be 890-930 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 20-90 Pa, and carrying out constant temperature treatment for 85-90 min;
(3) the volatile matter obtained in the step (2) is gaseous simple substance zinc, and is condensed into solid after passing through a condensation collector, and the solid is collected to obtain high-purity zinc ingots;
in step (1), the mixing method of the raw materials before being pressed into the pellets comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the steelmaking dust and a reducing agent, feeding the mixture into a grinder to grind the mixture into powder with the granularity of 80-120 meshes, and then adding an additive and water to mix;
before mixing the steelmaking dust and the reducing agent, ball milling is carried out on the steelmaking dust by adopting a ball mill to obtain powder with the granularity of 30-60 meshes.
2. The method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), before the pellets are sent into a vacuum carbon tube furnace for vacuum roasting, the formed pellets are sent into a drying box for drying treatment until the moisture content is 0.
3. The method for comprehensively utilizing steelmaking dust and recovering zinc as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying temperature is not less than 120 ℃, and the drying time is 1-3 h.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2799597C1 (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-07-07 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт металлургии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (ИМЕТ УрО РАН) | Method for processing zinc-containing materials |
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| CN110055426A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-07-26 | 鑫联环保科技股份有限公司 | A method of using metal in mechanical force combined vacuum metallurgy recycling blast furnace dust |
| CN110512087A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-29 | 广东金宇环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method of high temperature melting furnace processing steel-making dust-collector |
| CN112662889B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-07-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Preparation method of zinc particles and reaction furnace device |
| CN113528806B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-03-24 | 赛能杰高新技术股份有限公司 | Direct reduction treatment process for zinc-containing dust and sludge in iron and steel plant by using high-efficiency rotary hearth furnace |
| CN113637852A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-12 | 张逸璁 | Method for recovering iron and zinc from dust and low-carbon sludge collected from steel plant |
| CN113957257B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-09-01 | 重庆万博再生资源利用有限公司 | Method for purifying zinc-containing slag by zinc hydrometallurgy |
| CN114480841B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2024-04-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Electric furnace dust and iron extraction tailings full quantization and high value utilization method thereof |
| CN114774681B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2024-02-13 | 东北大学 | Recycling method of zinc-containing ash |
| CN115305353B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-01-23 | 重庆赛迪热工环保工程技术有限公司 | Iron-zinc solid waste recycling treatment process |
| CN118222847B (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2024-09-24 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Solid waste treatment method for steel plant |
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| JP2000192165A (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-07-11 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Production of crude zinc oxide sintered ore |
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| WO2020107669A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
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