CN115011797A - Method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment - Google Patents
Method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115011797A CN115011797A CN202210641732.3A CN202210641732A CN115011797A CN 115011797 A CN115011797 A CN 115011797A CN 202210641732 A CN202210641732 A CN 202210641732A CN 115011797 A CN115011797 A CN 115011797A
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- smelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment, which comprises the following steps: drying the copper-containing lead slag to obtain a dry material; preparing 10 kilograms of charcoal powder and 5 kilograms of camphor wood chips into a mixture according to each hundred kilograms of the dry materials, and feeding the mixture into a vacuum furnace for smelting to obtain a volatile material and a first residual material; continuously putting the first residual material into a vacuum furnace for smelting under the condition that the vacuum degree is 150-250 Pa, the smelting time is 16-22 hours, and the heat preservation temperature is 800-900 ℃; and taking out the second residue in the crucible of the vacuum furnace and crushing to obtain the crude copper product. According to the method for smelting copper by using the vacuum distillation equipment, the copper and the lead in the copper-containing lead slag are gradually separated by using the vacuum distillation technology, the process flow is simple, a common vacuum furnace can be directly adopted, the requirement on the equipment is not high, the grade of crude copper can be greatly improved, and better economic benefit is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for smelting copper by utilizing vacuum distillation equipment.
Background
Since metals such as copper and lead in the non-ferrous metal mineral are often associated with each other, the two metals are often mixed in the recovered non-ferrous metal, that is, a large amount of copper-containing lead slag exists, and copper metal needs to be extracted from the copper-containing lead slag to realize recycling.
In industrial production, the copper smelting technology mainly comprises flash furnace smelting, pizza smelting, Osmant smelting, Nonida smelting, synthetic furnace smelting and the like. However, the above method has disadvantages of a long recovery process, complicated equipment, a large floor space, and large equipment investment, more or less, for recovering copper metal from copper-containing lead slag.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for copper smelting using a vacuum distillation apparatus, which addresses at least one of the problems mentioned above.
The invention provides a method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment, which comprises the following steps:
drying the copper-containing lead slag to obtain a dry material;
preparing a mixture by mixing 10 kg of charcoal powder and 5 kg of camphor wood chips per hundred kg of the dry materials, and feeding the mixture into a vacuum furnace for smelting to obtain a volatile material and a first residual material;
continuously putting the first residual material into a vacuum furnace for smelting under the condition that the vacuum degree is 150-250 Pa, the smelting time is 16-22 hours, and the heat preservation temperature is 800-900 ℃;
and taking out the second residue in the crucible of the vacuum furnace and crushing to obtain the crude copper product.
In one embodiment, the step of drying the copper-containing lead slag includes: and (3) putting the copper-containing lead slag into a dry graphite body for drying treatment, and sending smoke dust in the drying process into a smoke gas recovery device through a pipeline.
In one embodiment, in the step of feeding the mixture into a vacuum furnace for smelting, the smelting process parameters are as follows: the vacuum degree is 140-210 Pa, the heat preservation temperature is 650-780 ℃, and the smelting time is 16-22 hours.
In one embodiment, the step of obtaining the volatilized material and the first residual material further comprises:
detecting the lead content of the volatile material;
and when the lead content is more than 70%, putting the volatile materials into an anode furnace for smelting to obtain a crude lead product.
In one embodiment, the step of detecting the lead content of the volatile material further includes: and when the lead content is lower than 70%, putting the volatile materials into the vacuum furnace again for smelting until the lead content of the volatile materials is more than 70%.
In one embodiment, in the step of putting the volatile materials into the vacuum furnace again for smelting, the smelting condition is that the vacuum degree is 200Pa, the heat preservation temperature is 700 ℃, and the smelting time is 8-12 hours.
In one embodiment, the step of smelting the volatile material in an anode furnace comprises: camphor wood chips and sodium hydroxide are added in sequence, wherein the camphor wood chips account for 20-30 kg, and the sodium hydroxide accounts for 1.05 times of the theoretical dosage.
In one embodiment, the step of smelting the volatile material in an anode furnace further comprises smelting at 500 ℃ for 1.5-3 hours.
In one embodiment, the drying temperature in the step of drying the copper-containing lead slag is 200-400 ℃.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the method for smelting copper by using the vacuum distillation equipment, the copper and the lead in the copper-containing lead slag are gradually separated by using the vacuum distillation technology, the process flow is simple, a common vacuum furnace can be directly adopted, the requirement on the equipment is not high, the grade of crude copper can be greatly improved, and better economic benefit is realized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for smelting copper by using a vacuum distillation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Possible embodiments of the invention are given in the figures. The invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein by the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described by way of reference to the drawings are illustrative for the purpose of providing a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, if a detailed description of known technologies is not necessary for illustrating the features of the present invention, such technical details may be omitted.
It will be understood by those skilled in the relevant art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It is to be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is intended to include all or any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The technical solution of the present invention and how to solve the above technical problems will be described in detail with specific examples.
The method for smelting copper by using the vacuum distillation equipment provided in the embodiment of the invention application is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s100: and drying the copper-containing lead slag to obtain a dry material.
S200: mixing 10 kg of charcoal powder and 5 kg of camphor wood chips per hundred kg of dry materials to prepare a mixture, and feeding the mixture into a vacuum furnace for smelting to obtain a volatile material and a first residual material.
S300: and continuously putting the first residual material into a vacuum furnace for smelting under the condition that the vacuum degree is 150-250 Pa, the smelting time is 16-22 hours, and the heat preservation temperature is 800-900 ℃.
S400: and taking out the second residue in the crucible of the vacuum furnace and crushing to obtain the crude copper product.
According to the method for smelting copper by using the vacuum distillation equipment, the copper and the lead in the copper-containing lead slag are gradually separated by using the vacuum distillation technology, the process flow is simple, a common vacuum furnace can be directly adopted, the requirement on the equipment is not high, the grade of crude copper can be greatly improved, and better economic benefit is realized.
In the step S100, the step of drying the copper-containing lead slag includes: and (3) putting the copper-containing lead slag into a dry graphite body for drying treatment, and sending smoke dust in the drying process into a smoke gas recovery device through a pipeline. The drying temperature in the step of drying the copper-containing lead slag is 200-400 ℃.
In the step S200 of the method, the mixture is fed into a vacuum furnace for smelting, and the smelting process parameters are as follows: the vacuum degree is 140-210 Pa, the heat preservation temperature is 650-780 ℃, and the smelting time is 16-22 hours.
In S200 of the above method, after the step of obtaining the volatile material and the first residual material, the method further includes:
detecting the lead content of the volatile materials;
and when the lead content is more than 70%, putting the volatile materials into an anode furnace for smelting to obtain a crude lead product.
Wherein, the step of detecting the lead content of the volatile material further comprises: and when the lead content is lower than 70%, putting the volatile materials into the vacuum furnace again for smelting until the lead content of the volatile materials is more than 70%. And in the step of putting the volatilized materials into the vacuum furnace again for smelting, the smelting condition is that the vacuum degree is 200Pa, the heat preservation temperature is 700 ℃, and the smelting time is 8-12 hours.
In one embodiment, the step of smelting the volatile material in an anode furnace comprises: sequentially adding camphor wood chips and sodium hydroxide, wherein the weight of the camphor wood chips is 20-30 kg, and the amount of the sodium hydroxide is 1.05 times of the theoretical amount. According to the above conditions, the camphor wood chips are distributed, specifically, 20-30 kg of camphor wood chips are put into the anode furnace per hundred kg of dry materials. The amount of caustic (i.e., sodium hydroxide) added is estimated based on the estimated amount of lead in the volatile material and the reaction equation. And smelting the volatile materials in an anode furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 500 ℃, and the smelting time is 1.5-3 hours.
In summary, one embodiment of the above copper smelting method using vacuum distillation equipment is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the copper-containing lead slag is taken as a raw material and added into a graphite crucible for drying treatment. The drying temperature is 200-400 ℃, dry materials are obtained, and the generated smoke dust is sent into a smoke gas recovery device through a pipeline.
Step two: mixing 10 kg of charcoal powder and 5 kg of camphor wood dust per hundred kg of dry materials; and (3) mixing the dry material obtained in the step one with charcoal powder and camphor wood dust, then feeding the mixture into a vacuum furnace, smelting at the temperature of 700 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 200Pa, and obtaining volatile materials after 20 hours, wherein the volatile materials can be volatile powder or volatile blocks and first residues. Wherein the volatile powder is a powdery material taken out of a condensation chamber of the vacuum furnace, the volatile cake is a lumpy material taken out of the condensation chamber of the vacuum furnace, and the first residue is a lumpy material taken out of a crucible in the vacuum furnace.
Analyzing the volatile material for its composition when it contains leadWhen the amount is more than 70 percent, the mixture is sent into an anode furnace for smelting; when the lead content is less than 70%, the lead is sent into a vacuum furnace for continuous smelting under the conditions of vacuum degree of 200Pa, temperature of 700 ℃ and time of 8-12 hours until the lead content is more than 70%. The smelting temperature of the anode furnace is 500 ℃, and the smelting time is 2 hours; when the volatile materials are smelted in the anode furnace, 30kg of camphor wood chips are added in sequence, and the adding amount of caustic soda is 1.05 times of the theoretical dosage. (the reaction formula is: NaOH + PbS → Na) 2 SO 4 +Na 2 S+H 2 The amount of O + Pb and PbS is calculated according to the grade of lead and the mass of volatile materials put into the anode furnace)
Step three: smelting in a vacuum furnace, and then sending the first residue into the vacuum furnace for treatment; the conditions are that the vacuum degree is 200Pa, the smelting time is 20 hours, and the temperature is 800-.
Step four: and taking out and crushing the second residue in the crucible of the vacuum furnace to obtain the crude copper product.
Comparative example:
smelting for 20 hours by adopting a smelting furnace at 1300 ℃, and then feeding the obtained residues into the smelting furnace at 1800 ℃ for 20 hours.
In the case that other condition parameters are consistent with the foregoing embodiment of the present invention, the energy consumption conditions are: in the embodiment, the power consumption of a vacuum furnace is 3000 degrees, the power consumption of an anode furnace is 1000 degrees, the power consumption of a smelting furnace in a comparative example 1 is 6800 degrees, the power consumption of the anode furnace is 2000 degrees, meanwhile, the quantity of high-quality finished products generated in unit time in the comparative example is only 55 percent of that in the embodiment, specifically, the grade of blister copper in the embodiment is 66 percent, and the grade of blister copper in the comparative example is 36.3 percent. The economic benefit generated by the embodiment of the invention is about 4 times that of the comparative example.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various operations, methods, steps in the processes, acts, or solutions discussed in this application can be interchanged, modified, combined, or eliminated. Further, other steps, measures, or schemes in various operations, methods, or flows that have been discussed in this application can be alternated, altered, rearranged, broken down, combined, or deleted. Further, steps, measures, schemes in the prior art having various operations, methods, procedures disclosed in the present application may also be alternated, modified, rearranged, decomposed, combined, or deleted.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the figures are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and may be performed in other orders unless explicitly stated herein. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flow chart of the figure may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, which are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, which are not necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present application, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A method for smelting copper by utilizing vacuum distillation equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying the copper-containing lead slag to obtain a dry material;
preparing 10 kilograms of charcoal powder and 5 kilograms of camphor wood chips into a mixture according to each hundred kilograms of the dry materials, and feeding the mixture into a vacuum furnace for smelting to obtain a volatile material and a first residual material;
continuously putting the first residual material into a vacuum furnace for smelting under the condition that the vacuum degree is 150-250 Pa, the smelting time is 16-22 hours, and the heat preservation temperature is 800-900 ℃;
and taking out the second residue in the crucible of the vacuum furnace and crushing to obtain the crude copper product.
2. The method for smelting copper by using the vacuum distillation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of drying the copper-containing lead slag comprises the following steps: and (3) putting the copper-containing lead slag into a dry graphite body for drying treatment, and sending smoke dust in the drying process into a smoke gas recovery device through a pipeline.
3. The method for smelting copper by using the vacuum distillation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of feeding the mixed material into the vacuum furnace for smelting, the smelting process parameters are as follows: the vacuum degree is 140-210 Pa, the heat preservation temperature is 650-780 ℃, and the smelting time is 16-22 hours.
4. The method for copper metallurgy with a vacuum distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the volatilized material and the first residual material is followed by further comprising:
detecting the lead content of the volatile material;
and when the lead content is more than 70%, putting the volatile materials into an anode furnace for smelting to obtain a crude lead product.
5. A method for copper smelting with a vacuum distillation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the step of detecting the lead content of the volatilized material further comprises: and when the lead content is lower than 70%, putting the volatile materials into the vacuum furnace again for smelting until the lead content of the volatile materials is more than 70%.
6. The method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step of putting the volatilized materials into the vacuum furnace again for smelting, the smelting condition is 200Pa of vacuum degree, the heat preservation temperature is 700 ℃, and the smelting time is 8-12 hours.
7. A method for smelting copper by using a vacuum distillation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the step of smelting the volatile materials in an anode furnace comprises the following steps: camphor wood chips and sodium hydroxide are added in sequence, wherein the camphor wood chips account for 20-30 kg, and the sodium hydroxide accounts for 1.05 times of the theoretical dosage.
8. The method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of putting the volatile materials into an anode furnace for smelting further comprises the step of smelting at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 1.5-3 hours.
9. The method for smelting copper by using vacuum distillation equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step of drying the copper-containing lead slag is 200-400 ℃.
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