CN108248029A - A kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and complex machining process - Google Patents
A kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and complex machining process Download PDFInfo
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- CN108248029A CN108248029A CN201810208935.7A CN201810208935A CN108248029A CN 108248029 A CN108248029 A CN 108248029A CN 201810208935 A CN201810208935 A CN 201810208935A CN 108248029 A CN108248029 A CN 108248029A
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- Prior art keywords
- artificial trachea
- artificial
- printing
- printer
- trachea
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- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000486406 Trachea Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010050456 Anastomotic leak Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036299 sexual function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and combined machining methods, belong to man-made organ manufacture field.The present invention is improved 3D printer, printer includes print head, feeding roller, guide rail, design 3 print heads, print three layers of artificial trachea respectively simultaneously, inner layer material is collagen, intermediate layer material is carbon fiber, and cladding material is silica gel, promotes the combination of three interlayers and the formation of the bionical micro-structure of internal layer surface by ultrasonic vibration.Ultrasound and compound prepare of 3D printing are processed artificial trachea by the present invention, and the artificial organ mass of gained is light, and intensity is good, good toughness, and good biocompatibility is not likely to produce biocompatible.Application prospect is had a vast market in related fields such as manufacture of intraocular tracheaes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and combined machining methods, belong to man-made organ and add
Work field.
Background technology
Tracheae because tumour, physics and chemistry when factors cause it is narrow influence tracheae function due to have to trachea resection rebuild.When excision is grown
For degree more than 6cm, then previous anastomotic tension is high, easily generates the severe complications such as anastomotic leakage.At this moment it needs to borrow the generations such as artificial trachea
Articles for use rebuild tracheae.Since nineteen forty-six, some external scholars have been devoted to the zoopery of artificial trachea, but study hair
There is local infection, previous anastomotics after existing above-mentioned artificial trachea implantation to split, the multiple complications such as granulation formation, trachea displacement,
So as to limit the clinical practice of artificial trachea.To solve these problems, more preferably artificial trachea, domestic and foreign scholars are sought
It does a lot of work.It with the development of 3D technology, not only played an important role in manufacturing field, and led in biological medicine
Domain is widely used, such as：The success obtained clinically based on 3D printing technique manufacture of intraocular blood vessel in recent years should
With, it can be seen that, 3D printing technique has broad application prospects in the manufacture of artificial trachea.However, artificial trachea into
Material gain carries out clinical application with 3D printing technique, it is necessary to solve the problems, such as three aspects：First, biocompatible phenomenon is not generated；
Second, the mechanical property with person's windpipe is needed to match and has good mechanical property；Third can complete the special of 3D printing
Biomaterial.As can be seen that using 3D printing technique manufacture, convenient for the artificial trachea of application, in addition to the materials, 3D is beaten
Print machine equipment and corresponding 3D printing technique are to improve the quality assurance of artificial trachea mechanical property.
Invention content
To ensure artificial trachea quality, improve and control its mechanical property, the present invention propose it is a kind of it is rational in infrastructure, suitable for facing
The artificial tracheae 3D printing equipment that bed promotes and applies；Another object is to provide its 3D printing technique.
Purpose to realize the present invention is improved 3D printer, and 3 printings are set in the 3D printer of artificial trachea
Head, while printing artificial trachea internal layer, artificial trachea middle layer, artificial trachea outer layer, the material of artificial trachea internal layer are respectively
Collagen, the material of artificial trachea middle layer is carbon fibre material, and the material of artificial trachea outer layer is silica gel, also, beating
During print, workbench planar can carry out ultrasound conjunction vibration by any direction, promote three layers of combination, print similar biology
The surface texture of structure.
Specific technical solution is as follows：
Artificial tracheae 3D printing equipment of the present invention is made of electronic section, printer and software, printer include print head,
Feeding roller, guide rail, which is characterized in that X, Y, Z three-dimensional guide rail are set on printer body, and Y guide rail is along Y-direction and body
It is connected, X guide rails connect Y guide rail by sliding block, and Z guide rails connect X guide rails by sliding block；X, Y, Z-direction guide rail are respectively along respective side
It is arranged to being arranged in order into three.
Three print heads of printer setup, three print heads are separately fixed at by sliding block on three Z guide rails, along Z-direction
Movement.
Each print head connects respective feeding roller by conveying pipeline, and feeding roller is fixed on printing body.
Printer organism bottom is equipped with excusing from death wave working plate, and excusing from death wave working plate is by active operation platen, Liang Tai
Or more ultrasonic vibration installation compositions, ultrasonic vibration installation is fixed on active operation platen by upper and lower pressing plate and screw,
Also, it has arc groove in direction in length and breadth in active operation platen upper edge pallet, the installation position of ultrasonic vibration installation is adjusted
It puts, thus, ultrasonic movable table can carry out the conjunction ultrasonic vibration of horizontal any direction.
Manufacture of intraocular tracheae technical process of the present invention is as follows：
Step 1 establishes the three-dimensional digital printer model of artificial trachea：It is calculated according to mechanical property and experiment test, it is and right
Than the mechanical property of popularity pipe, material composition, three layers of structure, concrete shape and size according to artificial trachea, design is artificial
The thickness ratio of three interlayer of tracheae.
Step 2 prepares three kinds of 3D printing materials of collagen, carbon fiber, silica gel for 3D printing.
Step 3 adjusts the installation site of two ultrasonic vibration installations of ultrasonic movable table and fixes, adjusts it
Oscillation Amplitude and vibration frequency, preferably vibration amplitude are 0.1-0.2 millimeters, vibration frequency 20-25kHz.
The three-dimensional digitalization model of artificial trachea is imported printer apparatus, printing flow is set, using needle by step 4
Diameter print head of different sizes is printed.It is preferred that the outer layer of 0.3 millimeter of printhead prints artificial trachea, with 0.2 milli
The middle layer of the printhead prints artificial trachea of rice, with the internal layer of 0.1 millimeter of printhead prints artificial trachea.Inner layer material is
Collagen, intermediate layer material are carbon fiber, and cladding material is silica gel.
The invention has the advantages that：The 1st, 3 print heads are set, print head is transported freely in guide rail upper edge X, Y, Z three-dimensional
It is dynamic, artificial trachea internal layer, artificial trachea middle layer, artificial trachea outer layer can be printed respectively simultaneously, can control and improve well
The mechanical property of people's person's windpipe.2nd, 3D printing and ultrasonic vibration are subjected to compound prepare and process artificial trachea, in print procedure
In promote three layers of combination due to ultrasonic vibration, and the internal layer of artificial trachea is by adjusting the conjunction direction of vibration of workbench
And bionical surface micro-structure is formed, there is good body mechanics' sexual function.3rd, the internal layer of artificial trachea of the present invention uses
Collagen is carbon fiber without generating biocompatible, good biocompatibility, middle layer, light and intensity, and high outer layer is silicon
Glue, good toughness are suitble to human body requirements, and printing effect is high, production cost is low, convenient for manufacture.In manufacture of intraocular tracheae field
Have a vast market application prospect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the artificial trachea structure diagram that prints of the present invention, in figure, 24-artificial trachea internal layer；In 25-artificial trachea
Interbed；
26-artificial trachea outer layer；
Fig. 2 vibrates 3D printer structure diagrams for three composite ultraphonics of the present invention, in figure, 1-print head；2-feeding roller；
3—YGuide rail；4—XGuide rail；5—YGuide rail；6—XGuide rail；7-feeding roller；8—YGuide rail；9—XGuide rail；10-print head；11—ZGuide rail；12—ZGuide rail；13-print head；14-feeding roller；
15-body；16-active operation platen；17-ultrasonic vibration installation；18-ultrasonic vibration installation；19—ZGuide rail；
Fig. 3 is the adjustable ultrasonic movable table structure diagram of the present invention, in figure, 16-active operation platen；20-push
Plate；21-attachment screw；22-top board；23-attaching nut；17-ultrasonic vibration installation；18-ultrasonic vibration installation；
Fig. 4 is the artificial trachea scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph for preparing of the present invention, in figure, a-internal layer micro-structure b-middle layer micro-structure c-outer
Layer micro-structure.
Specific embodiment
It is as follows for embodiment for the present invention is better described：
Embodiment 1
Artificial tracheae 3D printing equipment of the present invention is made of electronic section, printer and software, and wherein electronic section includes
System board, mainboard, motor driving plate, temperature control panel, heating tube, thermocouple, hott bed；Printer includes print head, feed roll
Cylinder, guide rail, which is characterized in that X, Y, Z three-dimensional guide rail are set on printer body 15, and X, Y, Z-direction guide rail are respectively along each
Three row are arranged in order into from direction, X guide rails are respectively 4,6,9；Y guide rail is respectively 3,5,8；Z guide rails are respectively 11,12,19.Often
A Y guide rail is connected respectively along Y-direction with body, and each X guide rails connect Y guide rail by sliding block；Each Z guide rails are connected by sliding block
Connect X guide rails.
Y guide rail 5, Y guide rail 8, Y guide rail 3 are moved along Y-direction, and X guide rails 6, X guide rails 9, X guide rails 4 are by sliding block respectively in Y
Guide rail 5, Y guide rail 8, Y guide rail 3 are moved along Y-direction, and Z guide rails 19, Z guide rails 11, Z guide rails 12 are led by sliding block in X guide rails 6, X respectively
Rail 9, X guide rails 4 are along X to moving.
Three print heads of printer setup 1,10,13, three print heads by sliding block be separately fixed at three Z guide rails 11,
12nd, it on 19, is moved along Z-direction.
Each print head 1,10,13 connects respective feeding roller 2 by conveying pipeline, and 7,14, feeding roller, which is fixed on, to be beaten
It prints on body 15.
Printer organism bottom is equipped with excusing from death wave working plate, and excusing from death wave working plate is by active operation platen 16, two
Platform ultrasonic vibration installation 17,18 forms, and every excusing from death device is fixed on work by upper and lower pressing plate 20,22 and screw 21, nut 22
On dynamic working plate 16, also, arc groove is had in direction in length and breadth in active operation platen upper edge pallet face, ultrasound is adjusted
The installation site of vibrating device makes ultrasonic movable table that can carry out the conjunction ultrasonic vibration of horizontal any direction.
Embodiment 2
Manufacture of intraocular tracheae technical process of the present invention is as follows：
Step 1 establishes the three-dimensional digital printer model of artificial trachea：It is calculated according to mechanical property and experiment test, it is and right
Than the mechanical property of popularity pipe, material composition, three layers of structure, concrete shape and size according to artificial trachea, design is artificial
The thickness ratio of three interlayer of tracheae.
Step 2 prepares three kinds of 3D printing materials of collagen, carbon fiber, silica gel for 3D printing.
Step 3 adjusts the installation site of two ultrasonic vibration installations of ultrasonic movable table and fixes, adjusts it
Oscillation Amplitude is 0.1 millimeter, vibration frequency 20kHz.
The three-dimensional digitalization model of artificial trachea is imported printer apparatus, printing flow is set, with 0.3 by step 4
The outer layer of the printhead prints artificial trachea of millimeter, with the middle layer of 0.2 millimeter of printhead prints artificial trachea, with 0.1 milli
The internal layer of the printhead prints artificial trachea of rice.Inner layer material is collagen, and intermediate layer material is carbon fiber, and cladding material is
Silica gel.
Application examples 3
The artificial trachea of printing is removed, carries out mechanical property tests, and mechanical property comparative analysis is carried out with popularity pipe, if
It needs, redesigns the thickness ratio of three interlayers of artificial trachea.
The interior wall tissue structural experiment of artificial trachea is done, and is compared and analyzed with popularity inside pipe wall structure, determines ultrasound
The installation direction of vibrating device, vibration frequency, amplitude ultrasonic vibration relevant parameter.
Duplicate printing optimizes the structure and process parameter optimizing of artificial trachea, and manufacture is suitable for clinical practice and popularity pipe
The artificial trachea of Performance Match.
The artificial tracheal energy index such as following table in part prepared by the present invention：（It is compared with existing commercially available product）
| Sample ID | Stretch condition | Breaking state | Radial crushing strength |
| Sell artificial trachea in existing market | Linearly | Brittle fracture | 65% crushing of compression |
| Artificial trachea prepared by the present invention | It is non-linear | Ductile rupture | 76% crushing of compression |
As can be seen that compared with conventional printing apparatus, the mechanical property of artificial trachea produced by the present invention, the fingers such as toughness, intensity
Mark is superior to artificial trachea made from conventional printing apparatus, and have good bionic surface micro-structure, is conducive to clinical practice.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea, is made of, printer includes beating electronic device, printer and software
Print head, feeding roller, guide rail, which is characterized in that X, Y, Z three-dimensional guide rail, X, Y guide rail edge respectively are set on printer body
X, Y-direction is connected with body, and Z guide rails connect X guide rails by sliding block, and X guide rails connect Y guide rail by sliding block；X, Y, Z-direction are led
Rail is arranged in order into three row along respective direction respectively；
Three print heads of printer setup, three print heads are separately fixed on three Z guide rails by sliding block, are transported along Z-direction
It is dynamic；
Each print head connects respective feeding roller by conveying pipeline, and feeding roller is fixed on printing body；
Printer organism bottom be equipped with excusing from death wave working plate, excusing from death wave working plate by active operation platen, two or more
Platform ultrasonic vibration installation forms, and ultrasonic vibration installation is fixed on active operation platen by upper and lower pressing plate and screw, and
And have arc groove in direction in length and breadth in active operation platen upper edge pallet, adjust the installation site of ultrasonic vibration installation.
It is 2. special using the special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment Compound Machining artificial trachea technique of artificial trachea described in claim 1
Sign is, is achieved by the steps of：
Step 1 establishes the three-dimensional digital printer model of artificial trachea：It is calculated according to mechanical property and experiment test, it is and right
Than the mechanical property of popularity pipe, material composition, three layers of structure, concrete shape and size according to artificial trachea, design is artificial
The thickness ratio of three interlayer of tracheae；
Step 2 prepares three kinds of 3D printing materials of collagen, carbon fiber, silica gel for 3D printing；
Step 3 adjusts the installation site of the ultrasonic vibration installation of ultrasonic movable table and fixes, adjusts its Oscillation Amplitude,
Vibration frequency；
The three-dimensional digitalization model of artificial trachea is imported printing device, sets printing flow, three print heads are adopted by step 4
It is printed with needle diameter print head of different sizes；Inner layer material is collagen, and intermediate layer material is carbon fiber, outer layer
Material is silica gel.
3. the special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment Compound Machining artificial trachea technique of artificial trachea is utilized as claimed in claim 2,
It is characterized in that, selects the outer layer of 0.3 millimeter of printhead prints artificial trachea, with 0.2 millimeter of printhead prints artificial trachea
Middle layer, with the internal layer of 0.1 millimeter of printhead prints artificial trachea.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208935.7A CN108248029A (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | A kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and complex machining process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810208935.7A CN108248029A (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | A kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and complex machining process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108248029A true CN108248029A (en) | 2018-07-06 |
Family
ID=62746039
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810208935.7A Pending CN108248029A (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2018-03-14 | A kind of special ultrasonic 3D printing equipment of artificial trachea and complex machining process |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113524662A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-22 | 吉林大学 | Jet polishing assisted electric arc ultrasonic composite multi-material 3D printing device and method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104085111A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 东莞中国科学院云计算产业技术创新与育成中心 | Multi-nozzle 3D printer and method for controlling speed and precision of multi-nozzle 3D printer |
| CN105172135A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-23 | 南京师范大学 | Printing method of multi-sprayer high-speed FDM model |
| CN106985385A (en) * | 2017-04-16 | 2017-07-28 | 吉林大学 | Compound material ultrasound deposits increasing material manufacturing device and method |
-
2018
- 2018-03-14 CN CN201810208935.7A patent/CN108248029A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104085111A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 东莞中国科学院云计算产业技术创新与育成中心 | Multi-nozzle 3D printer and method for controlling speed and precision of multi-nozzle 3D printer |
| CN105172135A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-23 | 南京师范大学 | Printing method of multi-sprayer high-speed FDM model |
| CN106985385A (en) * | 2017-04-16 | 2017-07-28 | 吉林大学 | Compound material ultrasound deposits increasing material manufacturing device and method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113524662A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-22 | 吉林大学 | Jet polishing assisted electric arc ultrasonic composite multi-material 3D printing device and method |
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Application publication date: 20180706 |
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