CN108244136A - 保苗助长型棉花种衣剂及其制备方法与在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用 - Google Patents
保苗助长型棉花种衣剂及其制备方法与在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108244136A CN108244136A CN201810050389.9A CN201810050389A CN108244136A CN 108244136 A CN108244136 A CN 108244136A CN 201810050389 A CN201810050389 A CN 201810050389A CN 108244136 A CN108244136 A CN 108244136A
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- agent
- seedings
- mixed material
- cotton seeds
- full stand
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds
- A01N57/28—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
本发明涉及棉花种衣剂技术领域，是一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂及其制备方法与在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用，该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，原料包括乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双、润湿分散剂、微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂。本发明保苗助长型棉花种衣剂能有效促进棉苗根系生长、提高棉花出苗率、保苗率、增加幼苗生长量和抗低温能力，对棉花苗期病虫害防效较好，可提高棉花产量。本发明保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的使用，可减少农药和肥料的使用量，具有安全、方便、无污染的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及棉花种衣剂技术领域，是一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂及其制备方法与在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用。
背景技术
棉花是喜温型经济作物，播种期和幼苗期低温频发，造成烂种、烂芽和死苗，出苗保苗率低。连作种植、暖冬时间长等原因导致棉花立枯病、红腐病和地下害虫发生严重，呈现逐年加重趋势，严重影响棉花产量。目前生产中通过精选棉种、种子包衣、适时播种、提高播种质量等途径来预防苗期低温冷害和病虫害。
实践证明，棉花种衣剂包衣棉种能实现一播全苗和培育壮苗，是解决上述问题的重要途径。棉花种衣剂是由杀虫剂、杀菌剂、润湿分散剂、微肥、调节剂、增稠剂、染色剂、成膜剂等成分经特定工艺流程加工制成的，可直接或经稀释后包裹于种子表面，形成具有一定强度和通透性保护膜的农药制剂。棉花种衣剂具有抗逆助长等作用，促进棉种发芽和幼苗生长，有效防治棉花地下害虫及土传、种传病害，是预防苗期低温冷害和病虫害最经济有效的方法之一。目前国内外棉花种衣剂种类较多，但适于新疆特殊自然条件的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂产品较少，针对性差，急需开发保苗助长型棉花种衣剂产品。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂及其制备方法与在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用，克服了上述现有技术之不足，其能有效解决现有存在棉花出苗保苗率低、病虫害加重的问题。
本发明的技术方案之一是通过以下措施来实现的：一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷6.0%至12.0%，萎锈灵3.0%至5.0%，福美双3.0%至5.0%，润湿分散剂4.0%至10.0%，微肥2.0%至3.5%，植物生长调节剂0.002%至0.005%，防冻剂1.0%至5.0%，消泡剂0.1%至0.5%，增稠剂0.1%至0.6%，成膜剂0.05%至0.15%，染色剂0.1%至0.5%，防腐剂0.1%至0.5%，余量为蒸馏水。
下面是对上述发明技术方案之一的进一步优化或/和改进：
上述原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷8.0%至11.0%，萎锈灵3.2%至4.2%，福美双3.2%至4.2%，润湿分散剂6.0%至9.0%，微肥2.0%至3.0%，植物生长调节剂0.002%至0.004%，防冻剂1.5%至3.5%，消泡剂0.2%至0.4%，增稠剂0.2%至0.4%，成膜剂0.05%至0.10%，染色剂0.15%至0.35%，防腐剂0.25%至0.45%，余量为蒸馏水。
上述润湿分散剂为聚羧酸盐类、烷基萘磺酸盐类、木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂、改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂、阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂中的一种或几种；或/和，微肥为腐殖酸、钼酸钠、硼砂、一铵、ZnSO4中的一种或几种；或/和，植物生长调节剂为芸苔素内酯、胺鲜酯、复硝酚钠、萘乙酸钠中的一种或几种；或/和，防冻剂为甘油、乙二醇、己二醇、丙三醇、硫酸铵、尿素中的一种或几种；或/和，消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂、高级醇、脂肪酸类中的一种或几种；或/和，增稠剂为阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、硅酸镁铝、膨润土、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种；或/和，成膜剂为聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖中的一种或几种；或/和，染色剂为种衣剂常用染色剂；或/和，防腐剂为苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、卡松中的一种或几种。
上述润湿分散剂为改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂，改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂的质量比为1:1；或/和，微肥为腐殖酸和ZnSO4，腐殖酸和ZnSO4的质量比为1:5；或/和，植物生长调节剂为芸苔素内酯；或/和，防冻剂为乙二醇；或/和，消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂；或/和，增稠剂为黄原胶和硅酸镁铝，增稠剂为黄原胶和硅酸镁铝的质量比为1:4；或/和，成膜剂为壳聚糖；或/和，染色剂为碱性玫瑰精；或/和，防腐剂为苯甲酸钠。
上述保苗助长型棉花种衣剂按照下述步骤得到：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
本发明的技术方案之二是通过以下措施来实现的：一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的制备方法按照下述步骤进行：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
本发明的技术方案之三是通过以下措施来实现的：一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用。
下面是对上述发明技术方案之三的进一步优化或/和改进：
上述保苗助长型棉花种衣剂和棉花种子按照重量比为1:100至150的比例均匀混合。
本发明保苗助长型棉花种衣剂能有效促进棉苗根系生长、提高棉花出苗率、保苗率、增加幼苗生长量和抗低温能力，对棉花苗期病虫害防效较好，可提高棉花产量。本发明保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的使用，可减少农药和肥料的使用量，具有安全、方便、无污染的优点。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施例的限制，可根据本发明的技术方案与实际情况来确定具体的实施方式。本发明中所提到各种化学试剂和化学用品如无特殊说明，均为现有技术中公知公用的化学试剂和化学用品；本发明中的百分数如没有特殊说明，均为质量百分数；本发明中的溶液若没有特殊说明，均为溶剂为水的水溶液，例如，盐酸溶液即为盐酸水溶液；本发明中的常温、室温一般指15℃到25℃的温度，一般定义为25℃。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷6.0%至12.0%，萎锈灵3.0%至5.0%，福美双3.0%至5.0%，润湿分散剂4.0%至10.0%，微肥2.0%至3.5%，植物生长调节剂0.002%至0.005%，防冻剂1.0%至5.0%，消泡剂0.1%至0.5%，增稠剂0.1%至0.6%，成膜剂0.05%至0.15%，染色剂0.1%至0.5%，防腐剂0.1%至0.5%，余量为蒸馏水。
实施例2：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷6.0%或12.0%，萎锈灵3.0%或5.0%，福美双3.0%或5.0%，润湿分散剂4.0%或10.0%，微肥2.0%或3.5%，植物生长调节剂0.002%或0.005%，防冻剂1.0%或5.0%，消泡剂0.1%或0.5%，增稠剂0.1%或0.6%，成膜剂0.05%或0.15%，染色剂0.1%或0.5%，防腐剂0.1%或0.5%，余量为蒸馏水。
实施例3：作为上述实施例的优化，原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷8.0%至11.0%，萎锈灵3.2%至4.2%，福美双3.2%至4.2%，润湿分散剂6.0%至9.0%，微肥2.0%至3.0%，植物生长调节剂0.002%至0.004%，防冻剂1.5%至3.5%，消泡剂0.2%至0.4%，增稠剂0.2%至0.4%，成膜剂0.05%至0.10%，染色剂0.15%至0.35%，防腐剂0.25%至0.45%，余量为蒸馏水。
实施例4：作为上述实施例的优化，润湿分散剂为聚羧酸盐类、烷基萘磺酸盐类、木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂、改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂、阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂中的一种或几种；或/和，微肥为腐殖酸、钼酸钠、硼砂、一铵、ZnSO4中的一种或几种；或/和，植物生长调节剂为芸苔素内酯、胺鲜酯、复硝酚钠、萘乙酸钠中的一种或几种；或/和，防冻剂为甘油、乙二醇、己二醇、丙三醇、硫酸铵、尿素中的一种或几种；或/和，消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂、高级醇、脂肪酸类中的一种或几种；或/和，增稠剂为阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、硅酸镁铝、膨润土、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种；或/和，成膜剂为聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖中的一种或几种；或/和，染色剂为种衣剂常用染色剂；或/和，防腐剂为苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、卡松中的一种或几种。
实施例5：作为上述实施例的优化，润湿分散剂为改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂，改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂的质量比为1:1；或/和，微肥为腐殖酸和ZnSO4，腐殖酸和ZnSO4的质量比为1:5；或/和，植物生长调节剂为芸苔素内酯；或/和，防冻剂为乙二醇；或/和，消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂；或/和，增稠剂为黄原胶和硅酸镁铝，增稠剂为黄原胶和硅酸镁铝的质量比为1:4；或/和，成膜剂为壳聚糖；或/和，染色剂为碱性玫瑰精；或/和，防腐剂为苯甲酸钠。
实施例6：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的制备方法，按照下述步骤进行：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
实施例7：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的制备方法，按照下述步骤进行：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨20min或30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min或15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6或7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
实施例8：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用。
实施例9：作为上述实施例的优化，保苗助长型棉花种衣剂和棉花种子按照重量比为1:100至150的比例均匀混合。
实施例10：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的制备方法，按照下述步骤进行：第一步，将所需量的改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的腐殖酸和ZnSO4、芸苔素内酯、乙二醇、有机硅消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的壳聚糖、碱性玫瑰精、苯甲酸钠，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切15min，再加入所需量的黄原胶和硅酸镁铝，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
实施例11：该保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的制备方法，按照下述步骤进行：第一步，将6g改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和6g阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂溶于133.246g蒸馏水中，加入22.8g乙酰甲胺磷、7.2g萎锈灵、7.2g福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将0.8g腐殖酸和4gZnSO4、0.004g芸苔素内酯、8g乙二醇、0.6g有机硅消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨30min，砂磨2次后，再加入0.15g壳聚糖、0.4g碱性玫瑰精、0.6g苯甲酸钠，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切15min，再加入0.6g黄原胶和2.4g硅酸镁铝，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
参照悬浮种衣剂标准编写规范，测定实施例11所得的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂各项性能指标，检测结果见表1。表1为保苗助长型棉花种衣剂各项性能指标检测结果。
实施例12：实施例11所得的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对棉花出苗和幼苗生长的影响：
选择实施例11的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，挑选健康饱满、大小均匀的棉花种子（棉花品种：新陆早57号），按照药种重量比为1:50、1:100、1:150、1:200进行包衣，阴干后装入密封袋、封口备用。取各处理种子，播种在塑料营养盒（基质为细砂）中，放入25℃光照培养箱，光照强度12000lx，光周期为12h/12h（昼/夜），相对湿度70%至75%。播种第4d至第7d时置于15℃光照培养箱，然后恢复正常培养。第7d统计出苗数，第14d测定株高、根长、茎粗、干鲜质量，未包衣CK）为对照，重复3次，记录数据，数据见表2。表2为保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对棉花出苗及幼苗生长的影响。
根据表2数据，结果表明，保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对培养箱的棉花出苗及生长发育均有促进作用，其中药种重量比为1:50时，包衣较CK生长量最小，原因是包衣比例较大，抑制种子发芽和幼苗生长；药种重量比为1:100包衣时，除主根长、单株干重外其他指标均表现最佳，出苗率、株高、茎粗、单株鲜重较CK分别增加9.23%，4.44%、4.40%、7.04%；药种重量比为1:150包衣时，主要体现在增加主根长和单株干重；药种重量比为1:200包衣时，亦能促进生长发育，各指标均优于CK，但应用效果不如1:150包衣处理。
因此，在室内试验，保苗助长型棉花种衣剂和棉花种子最佳配比是药种重量比为1:100至150。
实施例13：上述实施例1至实施例11所得的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对棉花出苗、保苗、幼苗生长、病虫害和产量的影响：
选择实施例12保苗助长型棉花种衣剂处理的棉种，于2017年4-10月在新疆维吾尔自治区昌吉回族自治州玛纳斯县六户地镇实施，试验地前茬作物棉花，土壤类型黏壤土，碱解氮52.13mg/kg、速效磷14.66mg/kg、速效钾203.25mg/kg、有机质2.03 g/kg，小区面积1.5亩。试验设置不同包衣比例，4月16日播种，膜下滴灌，一膜4行。播种后第21d调查出苗率，测定株高、茎粗和根长，第30d调查地下害虫、蓟马、立枯病和红腐病危害情况，收获期调查单位面积有效株数，计算籽棉产量，数据见表3和表4。表3为保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对棉花出苗、保苗、幼苗生长及产量的影响；表4为保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对棉花苗期病虫害的防治效果。
根据表3和表4数据，结果表明，保苗助长型棉花种衣剂不同包衣比例对试验地的棉花出苗率、保苗率较CK提高5.29%至7.21%、1.39%至5.96%，苗期生长量、收获株数均有不同程度增加，籽棉产量增加3.73%至7.52%。与CK相比，地下害虫为害率减轻1.34%至2.67%，防效在28.57%至57.14%之间，蓟马为害率减轻1.34%至2.00%，防效在50.19%至74.91%之间，立枯病病情指数减少4.23%至12.09%，防效在23.76%至67.92%之间，红腐病株率减少5.00%至7.67%，防效在36.58%至56.11%之间。
因此，在田间试验，保苗助长型棉花种衣剂和棉花种子最佳配比是药种重量比1:100至150，与室内试验研究结果一致。
综上所述，本发明保苗助长型棉花种衣剂能有效促进棉苗根系生长、提高棉花出苗率、保苗率、增加幼苗生长量和抗低温能力，对棉花苗期病虫害防效较好，可提高棉花产量。本发明保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的使用，可减少农药和肥料的使用量，具有安全、方便、无污染的优点。
以上技术特征构成了本发明的实施例，其具有较强的适应性和实施效果，可根据实际需要增减非必要的技术特征，来满足不同情况的需求。
Claims (10)
1.一种保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷6.0%至12.0%，萎锈灵3.0%至5.0%，福美双3.0%至5.0%，润湿分散剂4.0%至10.0%，微肥2.0%至3.5%，植物生长调节剂0.002%至0.005%，防冻剂1.0%至5.0%，消泡剂0.1%至0.5%，增稠剂0.1%至0.6%，成膜剂0.05%至0.15%，染色剂0.1%至0.5%，防腐剂0.1%至0.5%，余量为蒸馏水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于原料按质量百分比包括乙酰甲胺磷10.0%至12.0%，萎锈灵3.2%至4.2%，福美双3.2%至4.2%，润湿分散剂6.0%至9.0%，微肥2.0%至3.0%，植物生长调节剂0.002%至0.004%，防冻剂1.5%至3.5%，消泡剂0.2%至0.4%，增稠剂0.2%至0.4%，成膜剂0.05%至0.10%，染色剂0.15%至0.35%，防腐剂0.25%至0.45%，余量为蒸馏水。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于润湿分散剂为聚羧酸盐类、烷基萘磺酸盐类、木质素磺酸钠、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂、改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂、阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂中的一种或几种；或/和，微肥为腐殖酸、钼酸钠、硼砂、一铵、ZnSO4中的一种或几种；或/和，植物生长调节剂为芸苔素内酯、胺鲜酯、复硝酚钠、萘乙酸钠中的一种或几种；或/和，防冻剂为甘油、乙二醇、己二醇、丙三醇、硫酸铵、尿素中的一种或几种；或/和，消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂、高级醇、脂肪酸类中的一种或几种；或/和，增稠剂为阿拉伯胶、黄原胶、海藻酸钠、硅酸镁铝、膨润土、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮中的一种或几种；或/和，成膜剂为聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖中的一种或几种；或/和，染色剂为种衣剂常用染色剂；或/和，防腐剂为苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、卡松中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于润湿分散剂为改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂，改性阴离子高分子表面活性剂和阴离子改性聚醚类表面活性剂的质量比为1:1；或/和，微肥为腐殖酸和ZnSO4，腐殖酸和ZnSO4的质量比为1:5；或/和，植物生长调节剂为芸苔素内酯；或/和，防冻剂为乙二醇；或/和，消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂；或/和，增稠剂为黄原胶和硅酸镁铝，增稠剂为黄原胶和硅酸镁铝的质量比为1:4；或/和，成膜剂为壳聚糖；或/和，染色剂为碱性玫瑰精；或/和，防腐剂为苯甲酸钠。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于按照下述步骤得到：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，每次砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
6.根据权利要求3所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于按照下述步骤得到：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂，其特征在于按照下述步骤得到：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
8.一种根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5所述保苗助长型棉花种衣剂的制备方法，其特征在于按照下述步骤进行：第一步，将所需量的润湿分散剂溶于余量蒸馏水中，加入所需量的乙酰甲胺磷、萎锈灵、福美双，搅拌混合均匀，得到第一混合物料；第二步，将所需量的微肥、植物生长调节剂、防冻剂、消泡剂加至第一混合物料后，砂磨20min至30min，砂磨2次后，再加入所需量的成膜剂、染色剂、防腐剂，得到第二混合物料；第三步，将第二混合物料高速剪切10min至15min，再加入所需量的增稠剂，得到第三混合物料；第四步，向第三混合物料内添加酸碱调节剂，至第三混合物料的pH值为6至7，得到保苗助长型棉花种衣剂。
9.一种根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6或7所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的保苗助长型棉花种衣剂在防治病虫害和耐寒方面的应用，其特征在于保苗助长型棉花种衣剂和棉花种子按照重量比为1:100至150的比例均匀混合。
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