CN108244002A - A kind of ecological method and system that growth is broken out using fingerling control duckweed - Google Patents
A kind of ecological method and system that growth is broken out using fingerling control duckweed Download PDFInfo
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- CN108244002A CN108244002A CN201810227751.5A CN201810227751A CN108244002A CN 108244002 A CN108244002 A CN 108244002A CN 201810227751 A CN201810227751 A CN 201810227751A CN 108244002 A CN108244002 A CN 108244002A
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- duckweed
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- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 241001275890 Megalobrama amblycephala Species 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001519451 Abramis brama Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- MXZACTZQSGYANA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl545463 Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(N=C1)=CN2C1=NC(C)=C2O MXZACTZQSGYANA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- YWBVHLJPRPCRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluridone Chemical compound O=C1C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=CN(C)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YWBVHLJPRPCRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000339987 Lemna valdiviana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diquat Chemical compound C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021191 food habits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological methods and system that growth is broken out using fingerling control duckweed, the system comprises floating cages and phytophage fry, floating cage is placed in duckweed distributed area, phytophage fry is placed in net cage, the net cage includes screen cloth (1), frame (2), float (3) and moorstone (4), screen cloth (1) is arranged on surrounding and the bottom of frame (2), to prevent the escape of fry, float (3) is arranged at the top of frame (2), to ensure that the net cage floats in water, moorstone (4) is connected to the bottom of frame by cable, for the fixation net cage.Using herbivorous fishes in fingerling period using duckweed as the characteristic of agreeable to the taste bait, by the design of fry Specific disposition, fry specification and quantity, achieve the purpose that effectively duckweed to be controlled to break out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological methods and system that growth is broken out using fingerling control duckweed.
Background technology
Based on duckweed is administered and mainly salvaged with physics at present, can be also found in the document delivered using herbicide, put in a suitable place to breed
Herbivorous fishes, using biological source herbicidal active compounds, hydrodynamic condition improve method the methods of.Physics, which is salvaged, includes artificial salvage
Two kinds are salvaged with machinery, and artificial salvage is to pull from water body duckweed out by net or rake to be transplanted on land and removed, machinery
Salvage is then to carry out the collection of duckweed with mechanical equipment, skim.Herbicide is currently available that main active fluorine pyridine ketone
Fluridone (SonarTM), diquat dibromide Diquat (RewardTM) etc., diquat dibromide concentration formula are every liter of water 240g diquat dibromide
Cation.Zhang Yahui has studied grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella), megalobrama amblycephala
(Megalobramaamblycephala) it to the ingestion ability of small duckweed (Lemna minor), but does not propose how to utilize fish
Duckweed control is carried out to the ingestion ability of duckweed.Minister in ancient times knows rosy clouds using Young Pioneer reservoir as research object, determines to inhibit floating by testing
The flow rate of water flow that the flow rate of water flow of duckweed growth is more than 0.13m/s, setting diving circulating pump artificially strengthen flow flowing to inhibiting
The effect of duckweed growth is notable.
Physics salvaging is a kind of quick direct post-processing method, but removes and be not thorough, and regulation effect is of short duration, in a short time
Residual duckweed can break out again；Chemical herbicide has the herbicidal performance of high intensity, but the mechanism of action list of most of herbicides
One, there are resistance risk, and chemical herbicide residual hazard may there are potential risks to other biological；Put phytophage in a suitable place to breed
Fish are the effective measures for controlling duckweed population quantity, but grasp suitable stocking rate and type is the key that BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, fish
Effective biomass that control duckweed is not achieved in class population can not then contain spreading unchecked for duckweed, and fish quantity can then interfere water body very much greatly
In original biology community structure, cause water plant decline even disappear；Biological source herbicidal active compounds have safety low-poison
Property, drug effect specificity the features such as, but the extractions of biological source herbicidal active compounds, identification be at present still in conceptual phase, in the market
Still lack commercial prod, can not formally use on a large scale；Water circulation control technology water, electric power etc. require compared with
Height, enforcement difficulty are larger.
From the point of view of existing technology, control shortage system, effective, ecological safety the improvement that breaks out at present duckweed
Scheme.
Invention content
In fingerling period it is suitable using duckweed using herbivorous fishes it is an object of the invention in view of the above problems
The characteristic of mouth bait by the design of fry Specific disposition, fry specification and quantity, reaches the mesh that effectively control duckweed breaks out
's.
The present invention provides a kind of ecological method that duckweed is controlled to break out growth, including following steps：
(1) biomass in duckweed distributed area is measured；
(2) floating cage is placed in duckweed distributed area；
(3) herbivorous fishes are launched in the net cage；
(4) it after water surface duckweed is removed substantially in the range of the net cage, captures described in fish and the removal in the net cage
Net cage.
Wherein, the biomass that duckweed distributed area is measured in step (1) is measured including the measurement of duckweed cover degree and duckweed biomass.
It is preferred that the method that duckweed cover degree measures is：Straight line is navigated inside duckweed overlay area, is denoted as a line-transect, and record line-transect is long
Degree and position are estimated and record the cover degree of duckweed patch, area and the GPS point position that are occurred in the 50m of line-transect unilateral side, preferably often
A duckweed association at least sets 3 line-transects.It is preferred that duckweed biomass measurement specific method is：It is set at random in each duckweed patch
5-10 sample prescription is put, duckweed sample is acquired using sampling apparatus, the fresh weight of the duckweed sample of acquisition is measured, according to single patch
Cover degree and distributed area total cover-degree be converted into the biomass in the distributed area, unit：g/m2.It is preferred that biomass computational methods are：
Cover degree × distributed area the total cover-degree of (duckweed sample fresh weight sum ÷ sample gross areas) × patch.
Wherein, the net cage is open floating cage, and the net cage includes screen cloth, frame, float and moorstone, screen cloth setting
Surrounding and bottom in frame, to prevent the escape of fish, float is arranged on frame roof, to ensure that the net cage floats on water
In, moorstone is connected to the bottom of frame by cable, for the fixation net cage.
Wherein, the net cage cross sectional shape is rectangle, if the depth of water in duckweed distributed area is less than 2 meters, net cage bottom should
From water-bed 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m；If the duckweed distributed area depth of water is more than 2.5 meters, net cage is highly set as 1.8-2.2 meters,
Preferably 2m.
Wherein, the screen cloth of the net cage is using monolayer polyethylene screen cloth as material, mesh 1.3cm-1.7cm, preferably
1.5cm, net cage grouping installation, linear type arranged in series, isosceles triangle arrangement, quincunx arrangement or splayed arrangement；The total face of net cage
Product should be not less than the 60% of duckweed distributed area total cover-degree.
Wherein, it is that grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala are launched in each net cage that step (3) launches herbivorous fishes in the net cage
Summer flower fry, specially：
(3.1) Young grass carp is launched first, and preferred length specification is about 3cm；
(3.2) when Young grass carp length to length is 6-8cm, preferably about 7cm, megalobrama amblycephala summer flower fry is launched, it is excellent
It is about 5cm to select length specification；The supply volume ratio of grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala fry is 4/1~6/1, preferably 5:1；
(3.2) after grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala length specification are more than 13cm, more renew fry.
Wherein, the total supply volume of fry is determined by the biomass of each region duckweed in each net cage：When duckweed biomass is
70-90g/m2When, the interior fry sum that puts into of each net cage is 550-720 tail, preferably 600 tails；Work as duckweed biomass>90g/m2
And≤120g/m2When, the interior input fry sum of each net cage is>720 tails and≤1000 tail, preferably 900 tails；Work as duckweed
Biomass>120g/m2When, the interior input fry sum of each net cage is>1000 and≤1400 tail, preferably 1250 tails.
Wherein, step (4) is specially：When duckweed cover degree drops to less than 10% in net cage, net cage is moved integrally to floating
Other highly concentrated regions of duckweed, retighten net cage, and duckweed control is carried out using fry in net cage.
Wherein, including floating cage and phytophage fry, floating cage is placed in duckweed distributed area, phytophage fry is put
It puts in net cage, the net cage includes screen cloth, frame, float and moorstone, and screen cloth is arranged on surrounding and the bottom of frame, to prevent
The escape of fry, float are arranged on frame roof, and to ensure that the net cage floats in water, moorstone is connected to frame by cable
Bottom, for the fixation net cage.It is preferred that when duckweed biomass is 70-90g/m2When, fry sum is 550- in net cage
720 tails, preferably 600 tails；Work as duckweed biomass>90g/m2And≤120g/m2When, fry sum is in each net cage>720
Tail and≤1000 tail, preferably 900 tails；Work as duckweed biomass>120g/m2When, fry sum is in each net cage>1000 simultaneously
And≤1400 tail, preferably 1250 tails.
Wherein, the net cage cross sectional shape is rectangle, if the depth of water in duckweed distributed area is less than 2 meters, net cage bottom should
From water-bed 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m；If the duckweed distributed area depth of water is more than 2.5 meters, net cage is highly set as 1.8-2.2 meters,
Preferably 2m.It is preferred that the screen cloth (1) of the net cage is using monolayer polyethylene screen cloth as material, mesh 1.3cm-1.7cm, preferably
For 1.5cm, net cage grouping installation, linear type arranged in series, isosceles triangle arrangement, quincunx arrangement or splayed arrangement；Net cage is total
Area should be not less than the 60% of duckweed distributed area total cover-degree.It is preferred that the fry is grass carp and the summer flower fry of megalobrama amblycephala, net cage
The quantitative proportion of interior grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala fry is 4/1~6/1, preferably 5:1.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) food grass fry control duckweed is cultivated using floating cage.
(2) method, specification, the quantity and configuration ratio launched according to the fry that duckweed biomass determines.The present invention utilizes
Herbivorous fishes fingerling period using duckweed as the characteristic of agreeable to the taste bait, in a manner that floating cage high density is put in a suitable place to breed, can both have
The control duckweed density of effect promotes quality of water environment, and rapid recapture can eat grass piscinity after duckweed is eliminated, in removal duckweed
While, it ensure that the Aquatic Animal Community in raw water domain is unaffected, be a kind of method safely, effectively, ecological.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is cage structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is net cage installation sectional view；
Fig. 3 is duckweed cover degree and biomass variety in test tank.
In figure：1-polythene net, 2-bamboo and wood frame 3-float, 4-moorstone
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological method that duckweed is controlled to break out growth, including following steps：(1) duckweed is measured
Coverage and upgrowth situation；(2) easily mobile floating cage is placed in duckweed growth area；(3) it is launched in net cage suitable herbvore
Property fish, key is the configuration of fish species, specification and quantity；(4) it after water surface duckweed is removed substantially in the range of net cage, catches
It obtains the fish in net cage and removes net cage.
As shown in Figs. 1-2, a kind of ecosystem that duckweed is controlled to break out growth, including floating cage and phytophage fish
Seedling places floating cage in duckweed distributed area, and phytophage fry is placed in net cage, and the net cage includes screen cloth 1, frame 2, floats
Son 3 and moorstone 4, screen cloth 1 are arranged on surrounding and the bottom of frame 2, and to prevent the escape of fry, float 3 is arranged on frame 2 and pushes up
Portion, to ensure that the net cage floats in water, moorstone 4 is connected to the bottom of frame by cable, for the fixation net cage.It is excellent
Choosing, when duckweed biomass is 70-90g/m2When, fry sum is 550-720 tails in net cage, preferably 600 tails；When duckweed biology
Amount>90g/m2And≤120g/m2When, fry sum is in each net cage>720 tails and≤1000 tail, preferably 900 tails；When
Duckweed biomass>120g/m2When, fry sum is in each net cage>1000 and≤1400 tail, preferably 1250 tails.It is described
Net cage cross sectional shape is rectangle, if the depth of water in duckweed distributed area is less than 2 meters, net cage bottom should be excellent from water-bed 0.4-0.6m
It is selected as 0.5m；If the duckweed distributed area depth of water is more than 2.5 meters, net cage is highly set as 1.8-2.2 meters, preferably 2m.It is it is preferred that described
The screen cloth 1 of net cage is using monolayer polyethylene screen cloth as material, mesh 1.3cm-1.7cm, preferably 1.5cm, net cage grouping installation,
Linear type arranged in series, isosceles triangle arrangement, quincunx arrangement or splayed arrangement；The net cage gross area should be not less than duckweed distributed area
The 60% of total cover-degree.It is preferred that the fry is grass carp and the summer flower fry of megalobrama amblycephala, the number of grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala fry in net cage
Amount ratio is 4/1~6/1, preferably 5:1.
The specific implementation method of each step is as follows：
(1) duckweed coverage and upgrowth situation are measured.The duckweed distributed areas overview for intending implementing region is carried out first
Solution, and Preliminary division is carried out to duckweed distributed areas；Then duckweed growth situation is measured, measurement includes cover degree and biomass two
Part.1. cover degree measures：Duckweed is mostly spot block distribution, investigates cover degree using line-intercept method, specific method is：In the duckweed area of coverage
Straight line is navigated inside domain, is denoted as a line-transect, records line-transect length and position, estimate and record in the 50m of line-transect unilateral side it is all go out
Cover degree, area and the GPS point position of existing Plant patch, each association at least set 3 line-transects.2. biomass measuring：In each spot
5-10 sample prescription is randomly provided in block, Ekman sampling folder acquisition duckweed samples measure the fresh weight for acquiring sample, according to single spot
The cover degree and distributed area total cover-degree of block are converted into the biomass (unit in the distributed area：g/m2).Biomass computational methods are：It is (floating
Duckweed sample fresh weight sum ÷ sample gross areas) × patch cover degree × distributed area total cover-degree, wherein duckweed sample fresh weight sum
Unit g, the unit of sample gross area is m2, the cover degree of patch and distributed area total cover-degree dimensionless.The Ekman sampling folders of sampling
It is the common tool of aquatile investigation, many companies have off-the-shelf that can buy, and application method is recognized technology.
(2) easily mobile floating cage is placed in duckweed growth area.Net cage is open floating cage, and net cage shape is rectangular
Shape, single net cage area are 5m*8m.Net cage height determines according to field condition, if region is shallow water (depth of water is less than 2 meters),
It net cage bottom should be from water-bed 0.5m；If the region depth of water is more than 2.5 meters, net cage is highly set as 2 meters.Case supports system for bamboo stake or
Pin pileworks, are fixed with anchor, and fixed foam block makees float in the bamboo and wood of frame upper end.Net cage is using monolayer polyethylene screen cloth as material
Material, mesh 1.5cm, net cage fence net should be slightly higher than the water surface, break the water to prevent fry.According to duckweed distribution area and shape, net
Case grouping installation, can connect word order or isosceles triangle, the arrangement of quincunx or splayed.The every group of 10m or so that keeps at a distance.
The net cage gross area should be not less than the 60% of duckweed region total cover-degree.
(3) herbivorous fishes are launched in net cage：Grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala are launched in each net cage for fixing of installation
Summer flower fry.Young grass carp (very little piece) is launched first, and specification is 3cm or so；When Young grass carp length is to 7cm or so, the group's of dispensing head
Triangular bream summer flower fry, specification are 5cm or so.The supply volume ratio of grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala fry is 4/1~6/1, preferably 5:
1.Fry supply volume is determined by the biomass (measurement result of step 1) of each region duckweed in net cage：When duckweed biomass is
70-90g/m2When, the interior input fry sum of each net cage is 550-720 tails；When duckweed biomass is 90-120g/m2When, each
Input fry sum is 720-1000 tails in net cage；When duckweed biomass is more than 130g/m2When, the interior input fry of each net cage is total
Number is 1100-1400 tails.Megalobrama amblycephala Megalobrama amblycephala, are commonly called as blunt snout bream.
Before fry is put into net cage, the fry saline solution concentration of 3%-4% should be embathed disinfection.If duckweed area of coverage water quality
DO is relatively low, should install aeration oxygen increasing machine, increases the DO concentration of water body, ensures the survival rate of fry, and DO is dissolved oxygen, works as dissolved oxygen
During less than 4mg/L, aeration oxygen increasing machine should be installed.Fry specification more renews fry more than after 13cm.This is because 13cm with
Lower fry is conversion of food habit period, and duckweed is its agreeable to the taste open-mouthed bait；After fry body length reaches more than 14cm, fry more likes
Larger water plant is eaten, the food ration of duckweed is decreased obviously, is unfavorable for the quick removal to duckweed.
(4) when duckweed cover degree drops to less than 10% in enclosure, by floating cage move integrally to duckweed it is highly concentrated its
His region.Net cage is retightened, duckweed control is carried out using fry in net cage.
Embodiment 1：Floating cage is made using bamboo, floating ball and polythene fishing net, net cage area is 5m*8m, and net cage is high
It spends for 1.5m, mesh 1.5cm.Duckweed is cultivated in experimental tank, sump area is about 80m2, mean depth 2m.7d (my god)
Afterwards duckweed cover degree and biomass, cover degree 70%, biomass 96g/m are measured by step 12.The floating cage made is put
Enter in experimental tank, bottom moorstone is fixed.640 tail of Young grass carp fry is put into, megalobrama amblycephala summer flower fry 160 is put into after 7 days
Tail.Measure duckweed biomass and cover degree, measurement result See Figure 3 within every 2 days.After 15 days, duckweed disappears substantially in test tank.It takes
Go out net cage, measure fry average length as 10cm or so.
Embodiment 2：" ecological method that growth is broken out using fingerling control duckweed " of the present invention is led to applied to Beijing
In the channel in state area.The channel gross area is about 500m2(100m*5m), mean depth 2.5m.Duckweed growth is measured by step 1
Situation, duckweed cover degree are 60%, biomass 72g/m2.Floating cage is made with embodiment 1.5 floating are put into channel
Net cage, along channel word order, bottom moorstone is fixed.Each net cage is put into 500 tail of Young grass carp fry, the group's of being put into head after 5 days
100 tail of triangular bream summer flower fry.After 12 days, the duckweed cover degree of floating cage placement region is 5% or so.At this point, moorstone is taken out into water
Face moves integrally net cage and fry, after being drawn to remaining duckweed growth region, retightens.After 10 days, whole water surface duckweed
Cover degree is less than 10%.
Embodiment 3：" ecological method that growth is broken out using fingerling control duckweed " of the present invention is led to applied to Beijing
In the channel in state area.The channel gross area is about 300m2(50m*6m), mean depth 2.5m.Duckweed growth shape is measured by step 1
Condition, duckweed cover degree are 90%, biomass 140g/m2.Floating cage is made with embodiment 1.4 floating nets are put into channel
Case, along channel word order, bottom moorstone is fixed.Each net cage is put into 1000 tail of Young grass carp fry, and megalobrama amblycephala is put into after 5 days
250 tail of summer flower fry.After 20 days, the duckweed cover degree of floating cage placement region is 4% or so.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ecological method that duckweed is controlled to break out growth, including following steps：
(1) biomass in duckweed distributed area is measured；
(2) floating cage is placed in duckweed distributed area；
(3) herbivorous fishes are launched in the net cage；
(4) after water surface duckweed is removed substantially in the range of the net cage, the fish in the net cage is captured and remove the net cage.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the biomass that duckweed distributed area is measured in step (1) includes
Duckweed cover degree measures and duckweed biomass measures.It is preferred that the method that duckweed cover degree measures is：The straight line inside duckweed overlay area
It navigates, is denoted as a line-transect, record line-transect length and position, estimate and record the duckweed spot occurred in the 50m of line-transect unilateral side
Cover degree, area and the GPS point position of block, preferably each duckweed association at least set 3 line-transects.It is preferred that duckweed biomass measures tool
Body method is：5-10 sample prescription is randomly provided in each duckweed patch, duckweed sample is acquired using sampling apparatus, measures acquisition
The fresh weight of duckweed sample is converted into the biomass in the distributed area, unit according to the cover degree of single patch and distributed area total cover-degree：g/
m2.It is preferred that biomass computational methods are：Cover degree × the distributed area of (duckweed sample fresh weight sum ÷ sample gross areas) × patch is total
Cover degree.
3. according to the method described in one of claim 1-2, which is characterized in that the net cage is open floating cage, the net
Case includes screen cloth (1), frame (2), float (3) and moorstone (4), and screen cloth (1) is arranged on surrounding and the bottom of frame (2), to prevent
The only escape of fish, float (3) are arranged at the top of frame (2), and to ensure that the net cage floats in water, moorstone (4) passes through cable
The bottom of frame is connected to, for the fixation net cage.
4. according to the method described in one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the net cage cross sectional shape is rectangle, if floating
The depth of water in duckweed distributed area is less than 2 meters, then net cage bottom should be from water-bed 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m；If the duckweed distributed area depth of water
More than 2.5 meters, then net cage is highly set as 1.8-2.2 meters, preferably 2m.
5. according to the method described in one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the screen cloth (1) of the net cage is with monolayer polyethylene
Screen cloth is material, and mesh 1.3cm-1.7cm, preferably 1.5cm, net cage grouping installation, linear type arranged in series, isosceles triangle are arranged
Row, quincunx arrangement or splayed arrangement；The net cage gross area should be not less than the 60% of duckweed distributed area total cover-degree.
6. according to the method described in one of claim 1-5, which is characterized in that step (3) launches phytophage in the net cage
Fish are that grass carp and the summer flower fry of megalobrama amblycephala are launched in each net cage, specially：
(3.1) Young grass carp is launched first, and preferred length specification is about 3cm；
(3.2) when Young grass carp length to length is 6-8cm, preferably about 7cm, megalobrama amblycephala summer flower fry is launched, it is preferably long
Metric lattice are about 5cm；The supply volume ratio of grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala fry is 4/1~6/1, preferably 5:1；
(3.2) after grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala length specification are more than 13cm, more renew fry.
7. according to the method described in one of claim 1-6, which is characterized in that the total supply volume of fry is by each area in each net cage
The biomass of domain duckweed determines：When duckweed biomass is 70-90g/m2When, the interior input fry sum of each net cage is 550-720
Tail, preferably 600 tails；Work as duckweed biomass>90g/m2And≤120g/m2When, the interior input fry sum of each net cage is>720
Tail and≤1000 tail, preferably 900 tails；Work as duckweed biomass>120g/m2When, the interior input fry sum of each net cage is>
1000 and≤1400 tail, preferably 1250 tails.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (4) is specially：Duckweed cover degree drops in net cage
When less than 10%, net cage is moved integrally to other highly concentrated regions of duckweed, retightens net cage, using fry in net cage into
Row duckweed controls.
9. a kind of ecosystem that duckweed is controlled to break out growth, including floating cage and phytophage fry, in duckweed distributed area
Floating cage is placed, phytophage fry is placed in net cage, and the net cage includes screen cloth (1), frame (2), float (3) and moorstone
(4), screen cloth (1) is arranged on surrounding and the bottom of frame (2), and to prevent the escape of fry, float (3) is arranged on frame (2) top
Portion, to ensure that the net cage floats in water, moorstone (4) is connected to the bottom of frame by cable, for the fixation net cage.
It is preferred that when duckweed biomass is 70-90g/m2When, fry sum is 550-720 tails in net cage, preferably 600 tails；When duckweed gives birth to
Object amount>90g/m2And≤120g/m2When, fry sum is in each net cage>720 tails and≤1000 tail, preferably 900 tails；
Work as duckweed biomass>120g/m2When, fry sum is in each net cage>1000 and≤1400 tail, preferably 1250 tails.
10. system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the net cage cross sectional shape is rectangle, if duckweed is distributed
The depth of water in area is less than 2 meters, then net cage bottom should be from water-bed 0.4-0.6m, preferably 0.5m；If the duckweed distributed area depth of water is more than 2.5
Rice, then net cage is highly set as 1.8-2.2 meters, preferably 2m.It is preferred that the screen cloth (1) of the net cage using monolayer polyethylene screen cloth as
Material, preferably mesh 1.3cm-1.7cm, 1.5cm, net cage grouping installation, linear type arranged in series, isosceles triangle arrangement, plum
Flower-shape arranges or splayed arrangement；The net cage gross area should be not less than the 60% of duckweed distributed area total cover-degree.It is preferred that the fry is
Grass carp and the summer flower fry of megalobrama amblycephala, the quantitative proportion of grass carp and megalobrama amblycephala fry is 4/1~6/1, preferably 5 in net cage:
1。
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| CN113800643A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-17 | 湖州师范学院 | Algae resource utilization method for algae bloom prevention and control and device applied to method |
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| CN107509671A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-26 | 广东海洋大学 | The cultural method and device of pearl shell and shellfish cage attachment are cleared up using basket fish |
| CN208144205U (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-11-27 | 中冶节能环保有限责任公司 | A kind of ecosystem breaking out growth using fingerling control duckweed |
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| WO2010104908A1 (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-16 | LiveFuels, Inc. | Systems and methods for regulating algal biomass |
| CN103739174A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-04-23 | 韩晋京 | Method for purifying eutrophic water body by using aquatic animals, plants and microorganisms |
| CN103798119A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-05-21 | 广西大学 | Multifunctional lemna minor culturing net cage for pond |
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| CN113800643A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-17 | 湖州师范学院 | Algae resource utilization method for algae bloom prevention and control and device applied to method |
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Inventor after: Wu Xiaohui Inventor after: Shi Yu Inventor after: Hou Yansong Inventor after: Cheng Yang Inventor after: Zhang Kai Inventor before: Wu Xiaohui Inventor before: Shi Yu Inventor before: Hou Yansong Inventor before: Cheng Yi Inventor before: Zhang Kai |