CN108240217B - Test plunger and test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction - Google Patents
Test plunger and test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN108240217B CN108240217B CN201611219107.0A CN201611219107A CN108240217B CN 108240217 B CN108240217 B CN 108240217B CN 201611219107 A CN201611219107 A CN 201611219107A CN 108240217 B CN108240217 B CN 108240217B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/122—Gas lift
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test plunger and a test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction, and belongs to the field of gas lift oil extraction. The plunger includes a plunger body; the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter is used for measuring and storing downhole temperature and downhole pressure, is arranged in the inner cavity of the plunger body, and comprises a power end and a testing end electrically connected with the power end; the pressure transmitting plug is arranged in the inner cavity of the plunger body in a sealing manner and abuts against the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter; the plug is sealed and sleeved at two ends of the inner cavity of the plunger body and used for fixing the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter and the pressure transmitting plug in the inner cavity of the plunger body; the pressure transfer plug is provided with a pressure transfer hole of which one end is communicated with the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter, and the wall of the plunger body is provided with a pressure transfer channel of which the two ends are respectively communicated with the shaft and the pressure transfer hole. The plunger can collect downhole temperature and pressure data, and the plunger gas lift oil well is matched with a gas lift plunger with a proper structure type according to the data, so that the oil extraction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas lift oil extraction, in particular to a test plunger for plunger gas lift oil extraction.
Background
Plunger gas lift oil extraction is a common intermittent gas lift oil extraction form, and because a fixed sealing interface is provided between lifting gas and lifted liquid, gas channeling and liquid falling back are reduced, so that the lifting efficiency of gas energy can be effectively improved, and the yield of an oil well is greatly improved. At present, plunger tools for plunger gas lift oil extraction are in many types, such as rigid plungers, spring plungers, flexible plungers, soft plungers, split plungers, and the like. The plunger of the above structure is exemplified as follows:
chinese patent document CN204960897U discloses a hollow plunger, belonging to the elastic sheet plunger category, which mainly comprises a plunger core and a suspension rod, wherein the plunger core is provided with a plurality of floating shoes, and the floating shoes float by means of a cylindrical compression spring. The hollow plunger piston lifting device is characterized in that the floating tile is tightly attached to the inner wall of an oil pipe in the ascending process, so that the loss of lifted liquid is reduced, the suspension rod is opened in the descending process, the resistance of gas and liquid to the hollow plunger piston in the descending process can be reduced, the falling time of the hollow plunger piston in place is shortened, the movement period of the plunger piston is shortened, and the lifting efficiency is improved. Chinese patent document CN104632145A discloses a rigid plunger, which comprises a central rod, an outer cylinder, a hold-down screw, a spring, and a locking block, wherein the central rod is provided with two annular grooves, and a fluid channel is provided inside the outer cylinder. The plunger is characterized in that the locking block is locked on an annular groove below the central rod in the upward process of the plunger, the central rod closes a fluid channel inside the outer barrel, when the plunger moves upward to the impact blowout prevention pipe, liquid is lifted to an oil pipeline, the outer barrel drives the locking block to move upward to be locked on the annular groove above the central rod under the action of impact force, the fluid channel is opened, the fluid pressure on the plunger is balanced, and the plunger falls onto the clamping buffer mechanism under the action of self weight. The plunger can automatically realize reciprocating motion of the plunger without closing a pneumatic valve on the ground, so that liquid in a well can be lifted. Chinese patent document CN102296943A discloses a flexible plunger, which mainly comprises a flexible central body and a plurality of plunger unit bodies connected in series, wherein the flexible central body is made of high density polyethylene and other materials with certain flexibility, the plurality of plunger unit bodies connected in series are stacked and sleeved on the flexible central body in a manner that the convex spherical surfaces are installed in the concave spherical surfaces, when the flexible plunger moves in a bent tubing string, the flexible central body is bent, the convex spherical surfaces and the concave spherical surfaces rotate relatively, so that the whole plunger continues to move while bending along the trajectory of the tubing string, and the lifting is completed. The flexible plunger is suitable for wells with complicated well track.
The inventor finds that the prior art has at least the following problems:
because the plungers with different structural types are suitable for different underground conditions, when the plungers are selected for matching specific oil wells, the plungers are generally selected according to well deviation conditions, stratum permeability, production conditions of adjacent wells, predicted liquid production capacity and hydrostatic level positions and cannot be selected according to actual underground conditions, so that the actual production conditions of the finally selected plungers and the plunger gas lift wells are not completely matched, and the oil extraction efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a test plunger and a test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction, which can acquire downhole temperature and pressure. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test plunger for plunger gas lift oil recovery, including a plunger body, the test plunger further including: the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter is used for measuring and storing downhole temperature and downhole pressure, is arranged in the inner cavity of the plunger body, and comprises a power end and a testing end electrically connected with the power end;
the pressure transmitting plug is arranged in the inner cavity of the plunger body in a sealing manner and abuts against the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter;
the plug is sealed and sleeved at two ends of the inner cavity of the plunger body and used for fixing the underground temperature and pressure measuring gauge and the pressure transmitting plug in the inner cavity of the plunger body;
the pressure transmission plug is provided with a pressure transmission hole of which one end is communicated with the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter, and the wall of the plunger body is provided with a pressure transmission channel of which two ends are respectively communicated with the shaft and the pressure transmission hole.
Specifically, preferably, the inner cavity of the plunger body comprises an upper inner cavity and a lower inner cavity which are independent from each other;
the upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity are both provided with the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter, the pressure transmitting plug and the screw plug;
the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter in the upper inner cavity is arranged upwards, and the power end is arranged downwards;
the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter in the lower inner cavity is arranged downwards, and the power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter in the lower inner cavity is arranged upwards.
In particular, preferably, the test plunger further comprises a plurality of shock pads;
for the upper inner cavity of the plunger body, one damping pad is arranged at the bottom end of the upper inner cavity and is abutted against the power end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge, and the other damping pad is arranged between the screw plug and the pressure transmitting plug;
for the lower inner cavity of the plunger body, one damping pad is arranged at the top end of the lower inner cavity and is abutted against the power end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge, and the other damping pad is arranged between the screw plug and the pressure transmitting plug.
In particular, preferably, the test plunger further comprises a plurality of sealing rings;
the sealing ring is sleeved on the plug to seal an annular space between the plug and the plunger body;
the sealing ring is also sleeved on the pressure transfer plug so as to seal an annular space between the pressure transfer plug and the plunger body;
the sealing ring is further sleeved at the power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter and used for sealing an annular space between the power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter and the plunger body.
Specifically, preferably, the downhole temperature measurement manometer includes: a battery case;
the sensor sleeve is detachably connected with the battery sleeve;
a battery disposed within the battery housing;
the temperature and load measuring element is arranged in the sensor sleeve and is electrically connected with the battery;
the battery sleeve and the battery are matched to form a power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter, and the sensor sleeve and the temperature and pressure measuring element are matched to form a testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter.
Specifically, preferably, the end of the pressure transmitting plug, which abuts against the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge, is provided with a sleeve barrel shape, and the inner wall of the pressure transmitting plug is provided with an internal thread;
and the outer wall of the end part of the sensor sleeve is provided with an external thread so that the sensor sleeve is sleeved in the pressure transmitting plug in a threaded connection mode.
In particular, it is preferable that a plurality of the pressure transmission holes are provided on a side wall of the sleeve-shaped end portion of the pressure transmission plug;
the pressure transmission channel comprises a vertical channel and a horizontal channel communicated with one end of the vertical channel, the vertical channel is formed by being arranged on the side wall of the end part of the plunger body along the axial direction, and the horizontal channel extends from one end of the vertical channel to the inner wall of the end part of the plunger body along the radial direction to be communicated with the pressure transmission hole.
Specifically, preferably, the temperature measurement load cell comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;
the signal adjusting circuit is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor respectively;
the digital-to-analog signal converter is electrically connected with the signal adjusting circuit;
the digital signal processor is electrically connected with the digital-to-analog signal converter;
and the memory chip is electrically connected with the digital signal processor.
Specifically, preferably, the middle part of the outer wall of the plunger body is provided with a plurality of circles of one-way teeth;
the opening of the one-way tooth faces downwards, so that the fluid pushes the plunger body to move upwards when moving from bottom to top.
Particularly, preferably, the upper part and the lower part of the outer wall of the plunger body are also provided with a plurality of right-handed spiral grooves.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a test system for plunger gas lift oil recovery, including the test plunger described above.
Specifically, preferably, the test system includes: testing the plunger;
an oil pipe fixed in the casing through an artificial wellhead;
the clamping buffer mechanism is fixed at the lower part of the inner cavity of the oil pipe and used for seating the test plunger;
the lubricator is arranged above the artificial wellhead and communicated with the oil pipe;
a proximity sensor disposed at an upper portion of the lubricator;
an oil delivery line communicating with an upper portion of the lubricator;
the pneumatic valve is arranged on the oil pipeline;
the controller is arranged on the pneumatic valve and is electrically connected with the proximity sensor so as to control the opening and closing of the pneumatic valve under the action of the proximity sensor;
and the gas injection pipeline is communicated with the artificial wellhead so as to inject gas into the oil pipe.
In particular, the test system preferably further comprises a trap disposed at an upper end of the lubricator.
Specifically, preferably, the test system further comprises a throttle valve disposed on the oil pipeline.
Specifically, the test system preferably further comprises a gate valve disposed on a lower portion of the lubricator and the gas injection line.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the testing plunger fixes the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter and the pressure transmitting plug in the inner cavity of the plunger body through the plug so as to avoid being damaged when the testing plunger strokes up and down. When the testing plunger is in upper stroke, liquid in the shaft enters the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring gauge through the pressure transmission channel and the pressure transmission hole in sequence. Because temperature measurement manometer in the pit can measure and store temperature in the pit and pressure data in the pit, can really know the actual production situation of this plunger gas lift well through analyzing these data, just so can match suitable plunger tubular column to the actual downhole situation of this plunger gas lift well to improve oil recovery efficiency and liquid production volume.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a test plunger provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a test system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
The reference numerals denote:
1 testing the plunger of a test machine,
101 of the plunger body,
1011 pressure-transmitting channel and a pressure-transmitting channel,
102 a downhole temperature-measuring pressure gauge for measuring the temperature of the downhole,
1021 a battery cover for the battery pack,
1022 a sensor housing for a sensor unit for a vehicle,
1023 the number of the batteries to be tested,
1024 a temperature-measuring load cell which is,
103 the pressure-transmitting plug is arranged on the inner wall of the casing,
1031 a pressure-transmitting hole, and a pressure-transmitting hole,
104 the pipe-plug is arranged on the pipe-plug,
105 a shock-absorbing pad, wherein the shock-absorbing pad,
106 the sealing rings are arranged on the inner side of the sealing ring,
107 of the unidirectional teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the gear,
108 right-hand spiral groove,
2, a manual wellhead is arranged on the well,
3, sleeving a sleeve pipe by the sleeve pipe,
4, an oil pipe is arranged in the oil pipe,
5a buffer mechanism is locked and fixed on the frame,
6, a blowout-preventing pipe is arranged on the inner wall of the shell,
7 is in proximity to the sensor or sensors,
8 the oil conveying pipeline is connected with the oil pipe,
9 an air-operated valve is arranged on the air-operated valve,
10 a controller for controlling the operation of the device,
11 a gas injection line for injecting gas into the pipe,
12 the position of the trap is changed into a trap,
a throttle valve 13 is arranged on the upper portion of the cylinder,
14 gate valves.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical terms used in the examples of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test plunger for plunger gas lift oil recovery, as shown in fig. 1, the test plunger includes a plunger body 101, a downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102, a pressure transmission plug 103, and a plug 104. The downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter 102 is used for measuring and storing downhole temperature and downhole pressure, is arranged in an inner cavity of the plunger body 101, and comprises a power end and a testing end electrically connected with the power end; the pressure transmitting plug 103 is hermetically sleeved in the inner cavity of the plunger body 101 and abuts against the testing end of the downhole temperature measuring pressure gauge 102; the plug 104 is sealed at two ends of the inner cavity of the plunger body 101 for fixing the downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102 and the pressure transmission plug 103 in the inner cavity of the plunger body 101. The pressure transmitting plug 103 is provided with a pressure transmitting hole 1031, one end of which is communicated with the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter 102, and the wall of the plunger body 101 is provided with a pressure transmitting channel 1011, two ends of which are respectively communicated with the shaft and the pressure transmitting hole 1031.
Based on the problem that the structure type of the gas lift plunger cannot be accurately matched according to the actual underground condition in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the testing plunger with the structure, and the testing plunger fixes the underground temperature measurement pressure gauge 102 and the pressure transmission plug 103 in the inner cavity of the plunger body 101 through the plug 104 so as to avoid damage during the up-and-down stroke of the testing plunger. During the upstroke of the test plunger, fluid in the well bore will sequentially pass through the pressure transfer passage 1011, the pressure transfer orifice 1031 and contact the testing end of the downhole thermo-metric pressure gauge 102. Because the downhole temperature measurement manometer 102 can measure and store downhole temperature and downhole pressure data, the actual production condition of the plunger gas lift well can be really known by analyzing the data, so that the plunger with a proper structure type can be matched for the actual downhole condition of the plunger gas lift well, and the oil extraction efficiency and the liquid production amount are improved.
It will be appreciated that the plunger body 101 is selected from a highly thermally conductive metal material, such as 318 stainless steel, to ensure that its internal environment is consistent with the well bore environment outside it, so that downhole pressure and temperature can be readily obtained by measuring the pressure and temperature of the fluid entering through the pressure transfer channel 1011.
Specifically, the inner cavity of the plunger body 101 includes an upper inner cavity and a lower inner cavity which are independent from each other; an underground temperature and pressure measuring meter 102, a pressure transmitting plug 103 and a plug 104 are arranged in the upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity. Wherein, the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter 102 in the upper inner cavity is arranged upwards, and the power end is arranged downwards; the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 in the lower cavity has a testing end disposed downward and a power end disposed upward. It will be appreciated that the above components disposed in the upper and lower cavities of the plunger body 101 are inverted 180 ° in the opposite direction. The temperature and pressure of the liquid on the upper part of the plunger can be measured by arranging the underground temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 in the upper inner cavity of the plunger body 101, when the temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 on the upper inner cavity is taken out, the pressure change condition of the upper liquid measured and stored by the temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 can be played back on a computer, the volume change condition of the upper liquid is calculated according to the measured pressure value, the leakage condition of the lifted liquid in the process of reaching the ground is known, and a basis is provided for evaluating the liquid lifting capacity of the plungers with various structural types.
By arranging the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 in the lower inner cavity of the plunger body 101, the temperature and pressure at the bottom of the well can be measured, so that oil field technicians can evaluate the production capacity of the oil well.
The upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity of the plunger body 101 are provided with annular grooves with larger inner diameters than those of the adjacent inner cavities near the pressure transfer hole 1031, so that the pressure transfer hole 1031 can be provided with an enough communication passage with fluid in the well, and the temperature and the pressure of the fluid in the well can be smoothly transmitted to the temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102.
In order to reduce the influence on the downhole temperature measuring manometer caused by the up-and-down stroke of the testing plunger and ensure the testing accuracy, the testing plunger further comprises a plurality of shock-absorbing pads 105. For the upper inner cavity of the plunger body 101, a shock absorption pad 105 is arranged at the bottom end of the upper inner cavity and is abutted against the power end of the downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102, and the shock absorption pad 105 is arranged between the screw plug 104 and the pressure transmission plug 103. For the lower inner cavity of the plunger body 101, a shock absorption pad 105 is arranged at the top end of the lower inner cavity and is abutted against the power end of the downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102, and the shock absorption pad 105 is arranged between the screw plug 104 and the pressure transmission plug 103. By providing the shock absorbing pad 105 as described above, it is ensured that the pressure transmitting load cell associated with the test is subjected to the action of the shock absorbing pad 105. The shock absorbing pad 105 may be made of an elastic material, such as rubber. Further, the cushion 105 is provided in the form of a ring block having a central through hole, and is arranged so that when the tool is subjected to an impact load, the rubber is pressed to flow toward the central through hole, thereby prolonging the time of the impact load and achieving a cushioning effect.
Further, to ensure that well fluids do not enter the test well through gaps other than the pressure transmission channel 1011 during testing, to prevent damage to the downhole thermo-bulb 102 and to prevent interference with the measurement of actual downhole conditions, the test plunger also includes a plurality of sealing rings 106. Specifically, the seal ring 106 is sleeved on the plug 104 to seal an annular space between the plug 104 and the plunger body 101; the sealing ring 106 is also sleeved on the pressure transmitting plug 103 to seal an annular space between the pressure transmitting plug 103 and the plunger body 101; the sealing ring 106 is also sleeved on the power end of the downhole temperature measuring pressure gauge 102 and is used for sealing an annular space between the power end of the downhole temperature measuring pressure gauge 102 and the plunger body 101. It will be appreciated that the seal 106 is an O-ring rubber seal as is common in the art, and that a groove is provided in the outer wall of the component to which it is nested for receiving the seal 106.
The unilateral gap between the sealing ring 106 and the inner cavity of the plunger body 101 is about 0.5mm, so that the radial impact load and the radial vibration load transmitted by the plunger body 101 can be buffered, the downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102, particularly a temperature measurement pressure element 1024 described below, is protected from being damaged, and the measurement accuracy is ensured.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102 is used to measure the downhole pressure and temperature in real time, and specifically, the downhole temperature measurement pressure gauge 102 includes: a battery cover 1021; a sensor cover 1022 detachably attached to the battery cover 1021, for example, by screwing; a battery 1023 disposed within the battery cover 1021; a temperature measuring load cell 1024 disposed in the sensor housing 1022 and electrically connected to the battery 1023; the battery cover 1021 and the battery 1023 are matched to form a power end of the downhole temperature and load measuring meter 102, and the sensor cover 1022 and the temperature and load measuring element 1024 are matched to form a testing end of the downhole temperature and load measuring meter 102. The battery 1023 is used to power the temperature measurement load cell 1024 for proper operation. Furthermore, a sealing ring 106 is preferably disposed at the connection between the battery cover 1021 and the sensor cover 1022, and a sealing ring 106 is also preferably disposed between the temperature measurement load cell 1024 and the sensor cover 1022, so that the downhole temperature measurement load cell 102 is prevented from moisture entering therein, damaging the internal components thereof, or interfering with the measurement result thereof.
In order to facilitate the electrical connection between the battery 1023 and the temperature measurement load cell 1024, a plug is arranged at the end of the battery 1023, a battery sleeve is arranged at the connection position of the plug and the battery 1023, a socket matched with the plug is arranged at the end of the temperature measurement load cell 1024, and the electrical connection between the battery 1023 and the temperature measurement load cell 1024 is realized by inserting the plug into the socket.
Furthermore, the end part of the pressure transmitting plug 103, which is abutted against the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102, is provided with a sleeve barrel shape, and the inner wall of the pressure transmitting plug is provided with an internal thread; an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the end part of the sensor sleeve 1022, so that the sensor sleeve 1022 is sleeved in the pressure transmission plug 103 in a threaded connection mode. The arrangement is such that the temperature measuring load cell 1024 in the sensor housing 1022 can be easily repaired or replaced. For water proofing, an O-ring is arranged at the joint of the sensor sleeve 1022 and the pressure transmitting plug 103.
In the embodiment of the invention, the pressure transfer channel 1011 is arranged on the plunger body 101, the pressure transfer hole 1031 communicated with the pressure transfer plug 103 is arranged on the pressure transfer plug 103, and based on the sleeve-shaped structure of the end part of the pressure transfer plug 103, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of pressure transfer holes 1031 are preferably arranged on the side wall of the sleeve-shaped end part of the pressure transfer plug 103; the pressure transmission channel 1011 includes a vertical channel and a horizontal channel communicated with one end of the vertical channel, the vertical channel is formed by opening the side wall of the end portion of the plunger body 101 along the axial direction, and the horizontal channel extends from one end of the vertical channel to the inner wall of the end portion of the plunger body 101 along the radial direction to be communicated with the pressure transmission hole 1031. For example, the liquid in the downhole thermo-metric pressure sensor 102 in the inner cavity enters from the lower end of the vertical channel of the pressure transmission channel 1011 and goes upward to the horizontal channel, then moves inward along the horizontal channel until it passes through the plurality of pressure transmission holes 1031 to contact the thermo-metric pressure sensor 1024, and the pressure and temperature of the thermo-metric pressure sensor 1024 are measured. In order to ensure the measuring accuracy, the pressure transfer holes 1031 are preferably arranged in one turn, i.e. in the circumferential direction, around the side wall of the sleeve-shaped end of the pressure transfer plug 103, and correspondingly, the pressure transfer channels 1011 are also arranged in one turn around the lower end of the plunger body 101, so that each pressure transfer hole 1031 communicates with one pressure transfer channel 1011.
Specifically, the temperature measurement load cell 1024 provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor; a signal adjusting circuit (also called a signal conditioning circuit) which is respectively electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor; the digital-to-analog signal converter is electrically connected with the signal adjusting circuit; the digital signal processor is electrically connected with the digital-to-analog signal converter; and the memory chip is electrically connected with the digital signal processor. The working principle of the temperature measuring load cell 1024 is as follows: the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor convert measured temperature signals and pressure signals in the well into electric signals, the electric signals are amplified and rectified into pulse analog signals by the signal adjusting circuit, then the pulse analog signals are input into the digital-to-analog signal converter and converted into digital signals, and the digital signals are input into the digital signal processor and are stored on the storage chip after being processed.
The testing plunger can be captured by a catcher installed at a wellhead, the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 inside the testing plunger is taken out, the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge 102 is connected with an indoor computer by arranging a USB conversion interface on the testing plunger, and the temperature and pressure values stored on a storage chip are read by corresponding software on the computer. And the digital signal processor can be instructed by specific software on the computer to read the temperature and pressure data in the well at a specified frequency in a specified time period. In particular, when assembling, the pressure sensor is located at the end of the temperature measuring load cell 1024, even if the pressure sensor is in contact with the pressure transmitting plug 103, and the pressure of the liquid entering through the pressure transmitting hole 1031 is measured.
The various components of the temperature measuring load cell 1024 are conventional in the art and are readily commercially available to those skilled in the art. For example, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor may be obtained from OMEGA, industrial measurements, the signal conditioning circuit may be understood as a signal amplifier, a digital-to-analog signal converter, a digital signal processor, a memory chip, an ATMEL, and a battery 1023.
In order to facilitate the test plunger to move upwards and to facilitate the test plunger to smoothly move downwards under the action of self gravity, as shown in fig. 1, the middle part of the outer wall of the plunger body 101 is provided with a plurality of circles, such as ten circles and fifteen circles of one-way teeth 107; the one-way teeth 107 have openings facing downward to push the plunger body 101 upward when the fluid moves from bottom to top. It can be understood that the upper surface of the one-way tooth 107 is inclined downward, and the lower surface is a plane, so that the upward thrust of the fluid on the test plunger can be increased, the test plunger can move more smoothly when moving upward, the downward resistance is increased when the fluid enters the well in a downward direction, and the test plunger is buffered, so that the temperature measurement pressure gauge 102 is prevented from being damaged due to too large impact force when the fluid falls on the clamping buffer mechanism 5. In addition, by providing the middle outer wall of the plunger body 101 as the one-way teeth 107, i.e., the saw-toothed shape, the weight of the test plunger can be reduced, and the upward movement thereof can be facilitated.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of right-handed spiral grooves 108 are further disposed on the upper and lower portions of the outer wall of the plunger body 101, so that not only the weight of the testing plunger can be further reduced, but also the right-handed spiral grooves 108 can drive the liquid flowing through the outside of the testing plunger to rotate, so that the liquid resistance of the testing plunger when the testing plunger falls into the liquid in the well is increased, and the buffering effect is better.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a test system for plunger gas lift oil recovery, the test system comprising the test plunger described above. By utilizing the testing system, the actual underground condition of the target gas lift oil production well can be measured and obtained, and the gas lift plunger with the proper structure type can be accurately matched with the target gas lift oil production well according to the actual underground condition. It will be appreciated that the test system described above may be used with gas lift production systems known in the art in conjunction with the test plunger.
Specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test system, as shown in fig. 2, where the test system includes: the test device comprises a test plunger 1, an oil pipe 4 fixed in a casing 3 through an artificial wellhead 2, a clamping buffer mechanism 5, a blowout prevention pipe 6, a proximity sensor 7, an oil pipeline 8, a pneumatic valve 9, a controller 10 and a gas injection pipeline 11. The clamping buffer mechanism 5 is fixed at the lower part of the inner cavity of the oil pipe 4 and used for seating the test plunger 1; the lubricator 6 is arranged above the artificial wellhead 2 and communicated with the oil pipe 4; the proximity sensor 7 is arranged at the upper part of the lubricator 6; the oil pipeline 8 is communicated with the upper part of the lubricator 6; the pneumatic valve 9 is arranged on the oil pipeline 8; the controller 10 is arranged on the air-operated valve 9 and is electrically connected with the proximity sensor 7 to control the opening and closing of the air-operated valve 9 under the action of the proximity sensor 7; and the gas injection pipeline 11 is communicated with the artificial wellhead 2 so as to inject gas into the oil pipe 4.
The working principle of the test system is as follows:
the downstream of the pneumatic valve 9 is connected with an oil pipeline 8, when gas enters the oil pipeline 4 through an air injection pipeline 11, the density of liquid above the test plunger 1 is reduced, upward hydraulic thrust is generated below the test plunger 1, the test plunger 1 moves upwards from the clamping buffer mechanism 5 to the blowout preventer 6, the proximity sensor 7 (also called arrival sensor) detects that the test plunger 1 ascends to the upper part of the blowout preventer 6, and signals arriving at the test plunger 1 are transmitted to the controller 10. The controller 10 receives a signal that the test plunger 1 moves upwards to the lubricator 6, and then controls the pneumatic valve 9 to be closed according to the signal, at the moment, the test plunger 1 falls under the action of gravity until the test plunger is seated on the clamping buffer mechanism 5, and a motion cycle is formed.
The controller 10 re-opens the pneumatic valve 9 at set time intervals and the test plunger begins the next cycle of movement. During the reciprocating motion process of the testing plunger 1, particularly during the upward process, liquid at the bottom of the well is lifted to be above the wellhead and is discharged to the outside through an oil pipeline 8.
Therefore, in the process of the up-and-down stroke of the test plunger 1, the underground temperature measurement pressure gauge 102 on the test plunger measures and obtains underground pressure and temperature values and pressure and temperature change values at different positions, so that technicians can conveniently use the temperature measurement pressure to analyze and obtain more oil well production data, and a foundation is laid for the gas lift plunger to be matched with a proper structure type.
The clamping buffer mechanism 5 is used for seating the test plunger 1 and comprises a cylindrical body, a seating head arranged at the upper end of the cylindrical body, a spring sleeved on the cylindrical body, a lower end of the spring fixed on the cylindrical body, and a seating ring arranged at the upper end of the spring and sleeved on the upper end of the cylindrical body and used for abutting against the lower end of the test plunger 1. When the test plunger 1 is seated on the upper end of the clamping buffer mechanism 5, the bottom surface of the test plunger 1 is seated on the seating ring, and the test plunger 1 and the seating ring are compressed by pressing the spring downwards, so that the impact force applied to the test plunger 1 during the downward movement is effectively buffered.
As shown in fig. 2, the test system further includes a catcher 12 provided at the upper end of the lubricator 6, and the test plunger 1 is taken out by catching the test plunger 1 up to the upper end of the lubricator 6 using the catcher 12. The catcher 12 is commonly known in the art, for example, the catcher 12 is arranged on the upper end side wall of the lubricator 6 in a sealing manner in a radially movable manner, the end part for catching the test plunger 1 is hemispherical, the plane is upward, a milled flat shaft is arranged behind the hemispherical end part, a spring is sleeved outside the shaft, and when the test plunger 1 needs to be caught, the catcher 12 is only required to be inwardly inserted to enable the hemispherical end part to be matched with the inner wall of the lubricator 6 to clamp the test plunger 1.
To facilitate the regulation of the flow of liquid out of the lubricator 6, the test system further comprises a throttle 13 arranged in the oil line 8. In order to make the testing process more controllable, the testing system further comprises gate valves 14 arranged in the lower part of the lubricator 6 and in the gas injection line 11.
Preferably, the oil delivery line 8 includes a first horizontal line and a first vertical line communicating with the first horizontal line, a second horizontal line communicating with the first vertical line, a second vertical line communicating with the second horizontal line, so as to facilitate the transfer of the liquid. Specifically, the number of the first horizontal lines is preferably 2, and one end of each of the first horizontal lines is communicated with the middle part and the upper end of the lubricator 6, and the other end of each of the first horizontal lines is communicated with the first vertical line after being converged. The throttle valve 13 is preferably arranged on a first vertical line, while the pneumatic valve 9 is arranged on a second horizontal line.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A test plunger for plunger gas lift oil recovery, comprising a plunger body (101), characterized in that the test plunger further comprises: the downhole temperature and pressure measuring device comprises a downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge (102) for measuring and storing downhole temperature and downhole pressure, a power end and a testing end, wherein the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge is arranged in an inner cavity of a plunger body (101) and comprises a power end and a testing end electrically connected with the power end;
the pressure transmitting plug (103) is hermetically arranged in the inner cavity of the plunger body (101) in a sealing manner and abuts against the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter (102);
the plug (104) is hermetically sealed at two ends of the inner cavity of the plunger body (101) and is used for fixing the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge (102) and the pressure transmitting plug (103) in the inner cavity of the plunger body (101);
the inner cavity of the plunger body (101) comprises an upper inner cavity and a lower inner cavity which are independent of each other;
the upper inner cavity and the lower inner cavity are both provided with the underground temperature and pressure measuring gauge (102), the pressure transmitting plug (103) and the plug (104);
the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102) in the upper inner cavity is arranged upwards, and the power end is arranged downwards;
the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102) in the lower inner cavity is arranged downwards, and the power end is arranged upwards;
the end part of the pressure transmitting plug (103) abutting against the testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102) is provided with a sleeve barrel shape, and the inner wall of the pressure transmitting plug is provided with an internal thread;
the downhole temperature and pressure measuring gauge (102) comprises a sensor sleeve (1022), wherein the outer wall of the end part of the sensor sleeve (1022) is provided with an external thread, so that the sensor sleeve (1022) is sleeved in the pressure transmitting plug (103) in a threaded connection manner;
a plurality of pressure transmission holes (1031) are formed in the side wall of the sleeve-shaped end part of the pressure transmission plug (103), and one end of each pressure transmission hole (1031) is communicated with the testing end of the downhole temperature and pressure measuring meter (102);
a pressure transmission channel (1011, 1012) with two ends respectively communicated with the well bore and the pressure transmission hole (1031) is arranged on the wall of the plunger body (101), wherein the pressure transmission channel (1011, 1012) comprises a first pressure transmission channel (1011) positioned on one side of the upper inner cavity and a second pressure transmission channel (1012) positioned on one side of the lower inner cavity;
the pressure transmission channel (1011, 1012) comprises a vertical channel and a horizontal channel communicated with one end of the vertical channel, the vertical channel is formed by opening the side wall of the end part of the plunger body (101) along the axial direction, and the horizontal channel extends from one end of the vertical channel to the inner wall of the end part of the plunger body (101) along the radial direction to be communicated with the pressure transmission hole (1031).
2. The test plunger of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of shock pads (105);
for the upper inner cavity of the plunger body (101), one damping pad (105) is arranged at the bottom end of the upper inner cavity and is in abutting contact with the power end of the downhole temperature-measuring pressure gauge (102), and one damping pad (105) is arranged between the screw plug (104) and the pressure-transmitting plug (103);
for the lower inner cavity of the plunger body (101), one damping pad (105) is arranged at the top end of the lower inner cavity and is in abutting contact with the power end of the downhole temperature-measuring pressure gauge (102), and the other damping pad (105) is arranged between the screw plug (104) and the pressure transmission plug (103).
3. The test plunger of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of seal rings (106);
the sealing ring (106) is sleeved on the plug (104) to seal an annular space between the plug (104) and the plunger body (101);
the sealing ring (106) is also sleeved on the pressure transmitting plug (103) to seal an annular space between the pressure transmitting plug (103) and the plunger body (101);
the sealing ring (106) is further sleeved at the power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102) and used for sealing an annular space between the power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102) and the plunger body (101).
4. The test plunger of claim 1, wherein the downhole thermometric load cell (102) further comprises: a battery sleeve (1021), wherein the battery sleeve (1021) is detachably connected with the sensor sleeve (1022);
a battery (1023) disposed within the battery housing (1021);
a temperature measuring load cell (1024) disposed within the sensor sleeve (1022) and electrically connected to the battery (1023);
the battery sleeve (1021) and the battery (1023) are matched to form a power end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102), and the sensor sleeve (1022) and the temperature and pressure measuring element (1024) are matched to form a testing end of the underground temperature and pressure measuring meter (102).
5. The testing plunger of claim 4, wherein the temperature measurement load cell (1024) includes a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;
the signal adjusting circuit is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor respectively;
the digital-to-analog signal converter is electrically connected with the signal adjusting circuit;
the digital signal processor is electrically connected with the digital-to-analog signal converter;
and the memory chip is electrically connected with the digital signal processor.
6. The test plunger according to claim 1, wherein the plunger body (101) is provided with a plurality of circles of one-way teeth (107) in the middle of the outer wall;
the opening of the one-way tooth (107) faces downwards, so that the fluid pushes the plunger body (101) to move upwards when moving from bottom to top.
7. The test plunger according to claim 6, wherein the outer wall of the plunger body (101) is further provided at upper and lower portions thereof with a plurality of right-hand helical grooves (108).
8. A test system for plunger gas lift oil recovery comprising a test plunger according to any one of claims 1-7.
9. The test system of claim 8, wherein the test system comprises: a test plunger (1);
an oil pipe (4) fixed in the casing (3) through an artificial wellhead (2);
the clamping buffer mechanism (5) is fixed at the lower part of the inner cavity of the oil pipe (4) and used for seating the test plunger (1);
the lubricator (6) is arranged above the artificial wellhead (2) and communicated with the oil pipe (4);
a proximity sensor (7) disposed at an upper portion of the lubricator (6);
an oil delivery line (8) communicating with the upper part of the lubricator (6);
a pneumatic valve (9) arranged on the oil pipeline (8);
a controller (10) arranged on the pneumatic valve (9) and electrically connected with the proximity sensor (7) to control the opening and closing of the pneumatic valve (9) under the action of the proximity sensor (7);
and the gas injection pipeline (11) is communicated with the artificial wellhead (2) so as to inject gas into the oil pipe (4).
10. The test system according to claim 9, further comprising a trap (12) disposed at an upper end of the lubricator (6).
11. A test system according to claim 9, characterized in that the test system further comprises a throttle (13) arranged on the oil line (8).
12. The testing system according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises a gate valve (14) arranged on the lower part of the lubricator (6) and on the gas injection line (11).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611219107.0A CN108240217B (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | Test plunger and test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611219107.0A CN108240217B (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | Test plunger and test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction |
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| CN108240217B true CN108240217B (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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| CN201611219107.0A Active CN108240217B (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | Test plunger and test system for plunger gas lift oil extraction |
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| CN111749636A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-09 | 合力（天津）能源科技股份有限公司 | Multi-layer casing windowing mill shoe |
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|---|---|
| CN108240217A (en) | 2018-07-03 |
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