CN108240115B - 3D printing method of building component - Google Patents
3D printing method of building component Download PDFInfo
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- CN108240115B CN108240115B CN201611203466.7A CN201611203466A CN108240115B CN 108240115 B CN108240115 B CN 108240115B CN 201611203466 A CN201611203466 A CN 201611203466A CN 108240115 B CN108240115 B CN 108240115B
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- walking
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- building component
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/10—Devices for levelling, e.g. templates or boards
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G2021/049—Devices for both conveying and distributing concrete mixing nozzles specially adapted for conveying devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building 3D printing and manufacturing, in particular to a 3D printing method of a building component, which comprises the following steps of; a, the walking spray head reaches the initial printing position; b, the walking spray head moves along a straight line, and the nozzle supplies materials; c, when the sprayer is moved to the inner corner position of the building component, the feeding speed of the extruder is controlled to be reduced by half; d, rotating the nozzle to the other side of the corner, enabling the walking spray head to move along a straight line, controlling the feeding speed of the extruder to be halved, moving the walking spray head out of the corner position, and halving the feeding speed; e, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to repeat the step B, C, D until the walking sprayer returns to the position of the vertical projection shaft of the initial position, the walking sprayer is enabled to ascend by the distance equal to the distance between the two end plates, and then the step B, C, D is repeated; by adopting the 3D printing method of the building component, the printed wall surface is smooth, the connection effect between wall body layers is good, and the wall body has good strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building 3D printing and manufacturing, in particular to a 3D printing method of a building component.
Background
The three-dimensional printing technology is also called as 3D printing technology, and is a rapid prototyping technology. It is a technology for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing using bondable materials based on digital model files. 3D printing is often used to make models in the fields of mold manufacturing, industrial design, etc., and is also increasingly used for direct manufacturing of some products. In recent years, the 3D printing device for building is also used in construction of building engineering, especially for walls as main building components, and all existing 3D printing devices for building perform layer-by-layer printing on building walls, and there are some technical problems in the practical use process as follows:
1, the two sides of the wall body after printing are in an uneven state formed by layer-by-layer printing, and in order to achieve a good attractive effect, the building prefabricated wall body inevitably increases subsequent decoration cost.
2, the integrity of the wall body with the layered structure is not good enough, and the factors influencing the structural strength of the wall body are mainly as follows: the cross section of the existing printing nozzle is circular, so that the wall body printed in layers is similar to an ellipse under the influence of gravity like multilayer accumulated circular noodles, the contact area is very small, and the structural strength of the wall body is influenced.
3, there is a contradiction in the printing process, in order to facilitate the concrete to extrude from the nozzle, the concrete is required to have better fluidity, and in order to ensure the strength of the wall, the concrete is required to reduce the fluidity, so that the wall has certain strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing method which can enable a printed wall surface to be smooth, has a good interlayer connection effect on a wall body, and can enable the wall body to have good strength.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a 3D printing method of a building component, which comprises a controller and a walking spray head, wherein the walking spray head comprises an upper base connected with an extruder and a spray nozzle rotationally matched with the upper base, the spray nozzle is driven to rotate by a rotating stepping motor, the spray nozzle is integrally enclosed by two end plates which are oppositely arranged and parallel and two side plates which are oppositely arranged, the two end plates are perpendicular to the moving direction of the spray nozzle, a plurality of convex parts and concave parts are respectively arranged on the two end plates along the length direction of the spray nozzle, the convex part on one end plate and the concave part on the other end plate are correspondingly arranged to realize the fit of the joint surface of each layer of wall body, a quick-setting and leveling mechanism is arranged on the side plate of the spray nozzle, and the quick-setting and leveling mechanism comprises a leveling plate, an electric heating wire arranged at the back of the leveling plate and an overturning stepping motor driving, the specific printing method is as follows:
a, a controller controls a driving part to enable a walking spray head to reach a printing initial position, and adjusts a nozzle to rotate to enable an end plate to face the printing walking direction;
b, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking spray head to move along a straight line, meanwhile, the extruding machine is controlled to feed the nozzle, and the product of the walking speed of the walking spray head and the area of the outlet of the nozzle is the feeding speed of the initial extruding machine;
c, when the walking spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, the controller controls the feeding speed of the extruding machine to be reduced by half until the walking spray head reaches the outer corner position of the building component, and the controller controls the extruding machine to stop feeding;
d, the controller controls the driving part to enable the nozzle side plate to be flush with the other side of the corner of the building component, then the controller controls the driving part to enable the traveling spray head to move along a straight line, meanwhile, the extruding machine is controlled to feed the nozzle, the feeding speed of the extruding machine is halved until the traveling spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, and the feeding speed of the extruding machine is recovered;
e, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to repeat the step B, C, D until the walking sprayer returns to the position of the vertical projection shaft of the initial position, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to ascend at the moment, the ascending distance is equal to the distance between the two end plates, and then the step B, C, D is repeated;
f, when the height of the building component exceeds the height of the troweling plate, the controller drives the overturning stepping motor to put down the troweling plate and switch on the electric heating wire, the temperature of the electric heating wire is not more than 45 ℃, when the walking spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, the controller simultaneously drives the overturning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate upwards and close the electric heating wire, and when the walking spray head moves out of the inner corner position of the building component, the controller simultaneously drives the overturning stepping motor to open the troweling plate downwards and open the electric heating wire;
g, repeating step B, C, D, E, F until printing of the building element is completed;
h, the building element is then removed and step B, C, D, E, F, G is repeated.
The 3D printing method of the building component adopting the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: 1. the nozzle is formed by integrally enclosing two oppositely arranged and parallel end plates and two oppositely arranged side plates, the two end plates are perpendicular to the movement direction of the nozzle, a plurality of protruding parts and recessed parts are arranged on the two end plates along the length direction of the nozzle, the protruding parts on one end plate and the recessed parts on the other end plate are correspondingly arranged to realize the fit of the bonding surface of each layer of wall body, so that the main body of the material extruded by the nozzle is quadrilateral, and the bonding surface between the layers is a wavy curved surface, compared with the traditional circular extruded material, the contact area between the layers is greatly increased, and the integrity and the stability of the wall body structure are ensured; 2. because be provided with the floating mechanism of rapid hardening on the curb plate of nozzle, include, floating the board and settle the heating wire behind the floating the board and drive the upset step motor that floating the board upwards overturns, the in-process floating the board of printing the wall body can be floated the wall, and the heating wire can give the concrete surface through floating the board transfer heat simultaneously, makes surface concrete can be very fast condense with better shape that keeps.
Preferably, the electric heating wire is installed at a position of the troweling plate close to the rear end plate, so that the temperature of the rear part of the troweling plate is higher than that of the front part of the troweling plate, and the concrete contacted with the troweling plate is gradually heated according to the movement direction of the nozzle, so that the concrete is firstly trowelled and then is gradually solidified.
Preferably, the angle of the building element is not less than 90 ° to avoid the controller driving the turning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate to touch the opposite concrete.
Preferably, the width of the troweling plate is not more than the width of the side plate, so that the controller is prevented from touching the concrete on the opposite side when the controller drives the overturning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate.
Preferably, in the step F, the traveling of the nozzle is stopped when the nozzle reaches the inner corner position of the building element until the controller drives the turning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate upward and turn off the heating wire, so as to prevent the troweling plate from hitting the concrete on the opposite side due to the slow folding speed of the turning stepping motor.
Preferably, in the step D, the controller controls the driving part to make the nozzle side plate flush with the other side of the corner of the building element, waits for at least 10S, and after the concrete surface transferred by the building element is leveled under the action of gravity, the controller controls the driving part to make the traveling nozzle move linearly, and controls the extruder to feed the nozzle, and the feeding speed of the extruder is halved until the traveling nozzle reaches the inner corner position of the building element, and the feeding speed of the extruder is recovered.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a printing apparatus in an operating state according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises an upper base 1, an end plate 21, a side plate 22, a troweling plate 3, an electric heating wire 4 and a turnover stepping motor 5.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the invention provides a 3D printing method of a building component, a main body component of a used printing device is basically the same as that of the existing building 3D printing device and comprises a controller and a walking spray head, the difference is that the walking spray head comprises an upper base 1 connected with an extruder and a spray nozzle rotationally matched with the upper base 1, the spray nozzle is driven to rotate by a rotating stepping motor, the main body of the spray nozzle is in a prism shape and is integrally surrounded by two end plates 21 which are oppositely arranged and parallel and two side plates 22 which are oppositely arranged, the material of the spray nozzle is hard alloy steel so as to resist the abrasion of concrete, the width of the end plate 21 is equal to the width of a wall body, the two end plates 21 are both vertical to the motion direction of the spray nozzle, a plurality of convex parts and concave parts are arranged on the two end plates 21 along the length direction of the spray nozzle, the convex part on one end plate, the coincidence of adjacent layer wall faying face that can realize printing like this is provided with the floating mechanism of rapid hardening on the curb plate 22 of nozzle, and the floating mechanism of rapid hardening includes, floating plate 3 and settle heating wire 4 behind floating plate 3 back and drive floating plate 3 upset step motor 5 that upwards overturns, and this technique building element printing method specifically as follows:
a, a controller controls a driving part to enable a walking spray head to reach a printing initial position, and a stepping motor is rotated to adjust the rotation of a nozzle to enable an end plate 21 to face the printing walking direction;
b, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking spray head to move along a straight line, and simultaneously controls the extruding machine to supply materials to the nozzle, wherein the initial feeding speed is the product of the walking speed of the walking spray head and the area of the outlet of the nozzle;
c, when the walking spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, the controller controls the feeding speed of the extruding machine to be reduced by half until the walking spray head reaches the outer corner position of the building component, and the controller controls the extruding machine to stop feeding;
d, the controller controls the driving part to enable the nozzle to rotate 90 degrees, at the moment, the side plate 22 of the nozzle is flush with the other corner edge of the building component, the end plate 21 behind the nozzle is flush with the outer corner edge of the building component, then at least 10 seconds are waited, after the concrete surface is leveled under the action of gravity after the building component is transferred, the controller controls the driving part to enable the traveling spray head to move linearly, meanwhile, the extruder is controlled to feed the nozzle, the feeding speed of the extruder is half of the normal speed until the traveling spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, and the feeding speed of the extruder is recovered;
e, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to repeat the step B, C, D until the walking sprayer returns to the vertical projection axis position of the initial position, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to ascend at the moment, the ascending distance is equal to the distance between the two end plates, and then the step B, C, D is repeated, and the building elements are continuously stacked and lifted;
f, when the height of the building component exceeds the height of the troweling plate, the controller drives the overturning stepping motor 5 to put down the troweling plate 3 and switch on the electric heating wire, the temperature of the electric heating wire does not exceed 45 ℃, when the walking spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, the controller simultaneously drives the overturning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate upwards and close the electric heating wire, and when the walking spray head moves out of the inner corner position of the building component, namely when the end part 21 on the rear of the spray nozzle moves over the inner corner position, the controller simultaneously drives the overturning stepping motor to downwards open the troweling plate and open the electric heating wire;
g, repeating step B, C, D, E, F until printing of the building element is completed;
i, the building element is then removed and step B, C, D, E, F, G is repeated.
The driving part is an X, Y, Z shaft rail of the existing building component 3D printer and a driving part thereof, and the embodiment is not described in detail.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 is basically the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the heating wire 4 is installed at the position of the troweling plate 3 close to the rear end plate, the width of the troweling plate 3 does not exceed the width of the side plate 22, and the corner of the building element is not less than 90 ° so as to avoid the controller from touching the opposite concrete when driving the turning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 is substantially the same as the embodiment 1, except that the operation of moving the spray head to the inner corner position of the building element is stopped until the controller drives the turning stepping motor 5 to retract the trowel plate 3 upwards and turn off the heating wire 4, so as to avoid that the folding speed of the turning stepping motor 5 is not fast enough, which results in the trowel plate 3 colliding with the concrete on the opposite side of the inner corner.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several variations and modifications without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.
Claims (6)
1. A3D printing method of building components comprises a controller and a walking sprayer, and is characterized in that: the walking sprayer comprises an upper base connected with an extruder and a nozzle in running fit with the upper base, the nozzle is driven to rotate by a rotating stepper motor, the nozzle is integrally surrounded by two end plates which are arranged oppositely and parallel and two side plates which are arranged oppositely, the two end plates are all perpendicular to the moving direction of the nozzle, a plurality of protruding parts and recessed parts are arranged on the two end plates along the length direction of the nozzle, one protruding part on one end plate and the other recessed part on the other end plate are correspondingly arranged to realize the conjunction of each layer of wall body combination surface, a rapid hardening and leveling mechanism is arranged on the side plate of the nozzle, the rapid hardening and leveling mechanism comprises a leveling plate, a heating wire arranged behind the leveling plate and a turnover stepper motor driving the leveling plate to turn upwards, and the specific printing method comprises the following steps:
a, a controller controls a driving part to enable a walking spray head to reach a printing initial position, and adjusts a nozzle to rotate to enable an end plate to face the printing walking direction;
b, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking spray head to move along a straight line, meanwhile, the extruding machine is controlled to feed the nozzle, and the product of the walking speed of the walking spray head and the area of the outlet of the nozzle is the feeding speed of the initial extruding machine;
c, when the walking spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, the controller controls the feeding speed of the extruding machine to be reduced by half until the walking spray head reaches the outer corner position of the building component, and the controller controls the extruding machine to stop feeding;
d, the controller controls the driving part to enable the nozzle side plate to be flush with the other side of the corner of the building component, then the controller controls the driving part to enable the traveling spray head to move along a straight line, meanwhile, the extruding machine is controlled to feed the nozzle, the feeding speed of the extruding machine is halved until the traveling spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, and the feeding speed of the extruding machine is recovered;
e, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to repeat the step B, C, D until the walking sprayer returns to the position of the vertical projection shaft of the initial position, the controller controls the driving part to enable the walking sprayer to ascend at the moment, the ascending distance is equal to the distance between the two end plates, and then the step B, C, D is repeated;
f, when the height of the building component exceeds the height of the troweling plate, the controller drives the overturning stepping motor to put down the troweling plate and switch on the electric heating wire, the temperature of the electric heating wire is not more than 45 ℃, when the walking spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, the controller simultaneously drives the overturning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate upwards and close the electric heating wire, and when the walking spray head moves out of the inner corner position of the building component, the controller simultaneously drives the overturning stepping motor to open the troweling plate downwards and open the electric heating wire;
g, repeating step B, C, D, E, F until printing of the building element is completed;
h, the building element is then removed and step B, C, D, E, F, G is repeated.
2. 3D printing method of a building element according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electric heating wire is arranged at the position of the troweling plate close to the rear end plate.
3. 3D printing method of a building element according to claim 1, characterized in that: the angle of rotation of the building element is not less than 90 °.
4. 3D printing method of a building element according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the troweling plate does not exceed the width of the side plate.
5. A3D printing method of a building element according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: in the step F, the walking spray head stops when reaching the inner corner position of the building component, until the controller finishes driving the turning stepping motor to fold the troweling plate upwards and close the electric heating wire.
6. A3D printing method of a building element according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: and D, controlling the driving part by the controller to enable the nozzle side plate to be flush with the other side of the corner of the building component, waiting for at least 10 seconds, controlling the driving part by the controller to enable the traveling spray head to move along a straight line after the concrete surface transferred by the building component is leveled under the action of gravity, controlling the extruding machine to feed the nozzle, and reducing the feeding speed of the extruding machine by half until the traveling spray head reaches the inner corner position of the building component, so that the feeding speed of the extruding machine is recovered.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611203466.7A CN108240115B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | 3D printing method of building component |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611203466.7A CN108240115B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | 3D printing method of building component |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108240115A CN108240115A (en) | 2018-07-03 |
| CN108240115B true CN108240115B (en) | 2020-04-07 |
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| CN201611203466.7A Active CN108240115B (en) | 2016-12-23 | 2016-12-23 | 3D printing method of building component |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108748606B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2021-03-30 | 铜仁市人民医院 | 3D printing method for hyperbaric oxygen chamber |
| CN111910924A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | 同济大学 | Concrete 3D printing device with floating forming function |
| CN112879048B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-03-04 | 中国矿业大学 | Gob-side entry retaining wall construction system and method based on concrete 3D printing technology |
| CN113183278B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-04-15 | 大连学庆铭锋数控技术有限公司 | 3D printer interlayer reinforced composite material adding device and 3D printer nozzle |
| CN114789497B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-08-15 | 广东天凛高新科技有限公司 | 3D printing wall manufacturing method |
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| CN204566322U (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 马义和 | A kind of building element 3D printing head with supercharging device |
| WO2015141776A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | シーメット株式会社 | Manufacturing tank of three-dimensional manufacturing device |
| CN205255218U (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-25 | 中建商品混凝土有限公司 | Building 3D prints shower nozzle device |
| CN105946091A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-21 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Printing head having floating function and used for construction 3D printing device |
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| WO2015141776A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | シーメット株式会社 | Manufacturing tank of three-dimensional manufacturing device |
| CN204566322U (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-19 | 马义和 | A kind of building element 3D printing head with supercharging device |
| CN205255218U (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-25 | 中建商品混凝土有限公司 | Building 3D prints shower nozzle device |
| CN105946091A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-21 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Printing head having floating function and used for construction 3D printing device |
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| CN108240115A (en) | 2018-07-03 |
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