CN108239747A - 涂覆有黄色层的珍珠母基质 - Google Patents

涂覆有黄色层的珍珠母基质 Download PDF

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CN108239747A
CN108239747A CN201711390750.4A CN201711390750A CN108239747A CN 108239747 A CN108239747 A CN 108239747A CN 201711390750 A CN201711390750 A CN 201711390750A CN 108239747 A CN108239747 A CN 108239747A
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titanium
silicon nitride
layer
aerobic
matrix
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CN108239747B (zh
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V·斯帕索夫
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Abstract

在包括预先在基质(1)上制备的至少一个可见表面的制表或珠宝外部部件上着色涂覆的方法,该方法包括钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的至少一个主层(3)的至少一个真空沉积步骤。

Description

涂覆有黄色层的珍珠母基质
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于在包含预先在基质上制备的至少一个可见表面的制表或珠宝部件,特别是外部部件上着色涂覆的方法,所述方法包括钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的至少一个主层的至少一个真空沉积步骤。
本发明还涉及包含珍珠母基质的制表或珠宝结构部件。
本发明还涉及包含珍珠母基质的制表或珠宝外部部件。
本发明涉及制表和珠宝领域。
背景技术
美学外观在制表和珠宝领域是非常重要的,并且需要对一些部件着色。特别想到的是手表表盘,其理想的是以各种色相进行着色,其中包括淡黄色,以下称为“香槟”,和唤起与豪华印象联系在一起的发泡白葡萄酒的颜色。
使用薄的无机层使钟表表面着色是很好地建立和使用的。然而,所使用的大多数层(金属,氮化物,碳化物等)具有高吸收性并且几乎不透明,厚度仅为几十纳米。此外,它们极大地反射光,因此具有不总是期望的金属外观。这两个特征极大地限制了它们用于着色表面同时仍然保持其原始外观如珠光或干涉外观的可见性的使用,或者在豪华制表的情况下,具有斜面或具有扭索状装饰并且需要保持未机械抛光,没有抛光、打磨或类似的最少的机械处理。
为了实现这个目标,有必要使用一个层,其在同一时间:
-在可见光谱中非常有选择地吸收(这定义了该层透射的颜色);这允许独立于视角的“固有颜色”;
-具有与介电氧化物(无金属外观)相当的最低可能反射度;
-与基质粘合良好;
-无毒;
-相对于涂覆制品的生产和使用条件而言是稳定的,例如洗涤,镶嵌应用,处理等;
-在不损害基质的条件下沉积;
-化学稳定,能够抵御制表业内部零件的正常测试:紫外线,湿热,热冲击等。
这些性质往往是矛盾的,难以同时满足所有这些条件。
浅黄色的特殊情况难以处理,因为所用的层通常不是很耐久,特别是非常不耐磨。实际上,通常用于产生黄色薄透明层的化学组合物通常含有铁氧化物,并且不能很好地耐磨和抗化学侵蚀。
通常用于产生黄色薄层的其它化学组合物非常有光泽并且不透明:这些化合物尤其是Ti和/或Zr的氮化物和碳氮化物,(Ti,Zr)Nx;(Zr,Hf)Nx
即使可以想象通过介电层,特别是SiO2或Si3N4,通过干涉来产生颜色,该技术具有永久的缺点,这是由于表观颜色依赖于观察角度。此外,对于这种类型的层,反射的颜色总是非常强烈的,并且与传输的颜色互补。
有机颜料的着色也是可以实现的,但是在颜料的长期稳定性方面存在缺陷,并且耐磨性和抗化学侵蚀性低。
至今为止,市场上还没有一个符合上述要求的且具有很好的耐磨性的透明黄色层。
文献FR2425210A1Nishida Nobuo描述了在对热不敏感的基质上提供有金色涂层的珠宝部件,涂层具有0-1μm的厚度,由氮化钛形成,包括来自Al,Si,V,Cr,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ge,Y,Zr,Nb,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,In,Sn,Sb,Ti,Hf,Ta,W,Ir,Pt和Au的元素。550μm和400μm的涂层外表面的光谱反射比在1.2/1至3.0/1之间。基质可以由钢和/或Ni和/或Ni-Ag,和/或合金如Al合金,和/或陶瓷物质,和/或耐热树脂制成。对于表壳,表带和戒指。涂层的颜色非常类似于金,而且方法经济。
文献EP 0 353 060 A2 NIPPON STEEL描述了一种金属板,其通过由在金属板上形成的彩色陶瓷层的层构成的多层涂层掺杂有优异的装饰性颜色,彩色陶瓷层由选自以下的至少一种化合物形成:钛,锆,铪,铬,铌和铝的氮化物和碳化物,厚度为0.1μm到1μm;以及形成在彩色陶瓷层上的透明陶瓷层,透明陶瓷层由氧化硅、氮化硅和氧化铝中的至少一种制成,并且具有0.1μm至5μm的厚度。彩色和透明陶瓷层的沉积通过干法进行,彩色和透明陶瓷层的沉积顺序可以颠倒。
文献US2014/037943A1Cao Da-Hua描述了一种涂层制品,其包括金属基质,直接形成在金属基质上的TiSiN层,TiSiN层基本上由元素Ti,Si和元素N组成,TiSiN层中的元素Si具有从基质附近的TiSiN层的底部到远离基质的TiSiN层的上部逐渐减小的质量百分比,元素N具有从基质附近的TiSiN层的底部到远离基质的TiSiN层的上部逐渐增加的质量百分比;和直接在TiSiN层上形成的TiN层,TiN层基本上由元素Ti和元素N形成。
文献JP2009213616A CTITIZEN描述了一种刚性层,其向该发明那样包含氮化物层,以及在透明表面层下的包含金或金合金的面层。
文献EP 1 672 436 A1 ROLEX描述了一种用于钟表的表盘的制造方法,该表盘的可见表面包括金属外观涂层,其表面状态具有珍珠母的形态特征,其特征在于,使珍珠母板经受砂磨操作以赋予它对应于珍珠母形态的表面状态,将该表面清洁并涂覆金属层或由氧化物、氮化物或金属碳化物制成的层。
由Jindrich Musil等人于2007年4月1日发表的文章涉及“具有高Si含量的Ti-Si-N膜”,Plasma process and polymers,第4卷,no.S1,第S574-578页,XP055397274,ISSN1612-8850,DOI 10.2012/ppap.200731408。
J.Pang等人于2013年11月1日公开的文章涉及“deposition of Ti-Si-N filmson Al substrates by magnetron sputtering”,Surface engineering,第29卷,no.10,第749-754页,XP055397272,ISSN 0267-0844,DOI 10.1179/1743294413Y.0000000178。
发明概述
本发明提出给制表或珠宝结构或外部部件,尤其是珍珠母部件如刻度盘或类似物,赋予黄色的“香槟”外观,同时保持这些部件的原始表面可见。
为此,本发明涉及在根据权利要求1的制表或珠宝结构部件或外部部件上的有色涂层的方法。
本发明还涉及包含珍珠母基质的制表或珠宝结构部件。
本发明还涉及包含珍珠母基质的制表或珠宝外部部件。
根据本发明,着色是通过至少一个非透明的主层来实现的,所述主层固有地透射黄色且是透明的。这种着色基于钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy,由于其透明性,不掩盖涂层下方表面固有的视觉效果,特别是由刷涂、扭索状装饰等导致的,其能够产生特定的浮雕效果,或珠光般的外观,或干涉效果或其他效果。
层例如通过使用阴极(溅射-PVD)或离子(离子束-PVD)溅射的物理气相沉积,蒸发(蒸发-PVD),激光烧蚀(脉冲激光沉积PVD)或其它类似的方法而真空沉积。
这种新的着色方法特别适用于珍珠母基质。
该方法允许沉积黄色层,其是透明的,并且更特别地具有金色光泽,同时具有足够的在薄层中的着色能力。
根据本发明的钛和硅氮化物基(Ti,Sik)Nx层或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物基(Ti,Sik)NxOy层非常耐磨和抗化学侵蚀,并且是生物相容的。这些性能使该层与外部部件的要求兼容。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点将通过参照附图阅读下面的详细描述而显现,其中图1示意性地且部分地示出了通过根据本发明方法制造的钟表或珠宝外部部件在特定且非限制性的变型中包括在基质上的各层的叠层,包括钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx层或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy层。
优选实施方案的详细描述
本发明涉及用于在包括预先在基质1上制备的至少一个可见表面的制表或珠宝结构部件或外部部件上的着色涂层的方法。
这意味着结构部件,功能部件,履行机械功能,例如盘,夹板,轮,链扣,闭合件或类似物。
外部部件是指其功能更为直观的部件,特别是显示部件如刻度盘,moon等,或者表带或珠宝上的可见部件。
应该理解的是,如果根据本发明的方法适用于以相容材料选择的任何制表或珠宝部件,则其优选但非限制性地用于某些类型的部件,例如刻度盘或类似物。
更具体地说,该方法适用于珍珠母部件的涂覆。
根据本发明,该方法包括至少一个钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3的至少一个真空沉积步骤。
因此,着色通过沉积至少一个主层3而产生,所述主层3固有地透射黄色且是透明的。根据本发明,主层3由掺杂或不掺杂其它金属的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy组成,以其透明度,不会抵消表面下方的视觉效果。根据基础基质1的制备:结构化,斜切,棱纹,扭索工作等,主层3为基质1的表面的原始颜色添加黄色外观。
可以结合基质1(特别是当其由珍珠母制成时)的虹彩光泽与纹理的光泽(包括刷涂或抛光),或者甚至是通过在基质1和黄色主层3之间沉积附加中间层2而产生的干涉效果。
应该指出,黄色主层3也可以直接作为基质1的涂层。
给出足够饱和的黄色外观的薄主层3位于厚度为20nm至2000nm的范围内,并且在没有或有粘合层的情况下沉积在基质上。
在一个特定的非限制性实施方案中,主层3以叠层形式存在,其中钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy可以为纯形式或掺杂其他组分。
在另一个特定的非限制性实施方案中,钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy形成整体层。
可以在钛硅氮化物或掺杂有氧的钛硅氮化物的主层3之下或之上沉积电介的、透明或半透明的一层或多层附加中间层2或上层4,以调节通过干涉效果反射和/或透射的颜色。
在一个具体的实施方案中,寻求该层厚度的优化,以便除了该层的固有颜色之外还受益于干涉颜色。
在另一特定实施方案中,添加其他附加中间2或上部4透明层以:
-增加化学和机械抵抗力;
-改善叠层在基质上或着色层上的附着力;
-通过干涉优化更多颜色;
-根据需要给予光泽或无光泽的外观;
-给出深度的外观。
更具体地,给出良好结果的有利比例在1.5-4.0之间的k=Si/Ti比范内,即(TiSi1.5)Nx直到(TiSi4)Nx或者甚至(Ti,Si1.5)NxOy至(Ti,Si4)NxOy类型的组合物。
没有测量式中x或y的值。主层3不具有金属外观,因此可以得出结论,它们在氮气水平上非常接近化学计量。这涉及“准化学计量”主层。
对于硅相对于钛的极端比例,在合适的范围内,可以计算主要100%化学计量层的值x:
-对于(Ti,Si1.5)Nx,最大值x=3.00
-对于(Ti,Si4)Nx,最大值x=6.33
因此可以定义x的值=3.00至6.33的范围。
颜色的色调和饱和度是比k=Si/Ti和层厚度的函数。为了获得黄色,选择比k=Si/Ti的值在1.5和4.0之间。
厚度选择在20nm和2000nm之间,使得该层的黄色充分饱和。可能地,钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy可以掺杂其他金属,例如锂,以增加颜色的饱和度。
钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3可以通过物理气相沉积(PVD)使用分组在一起的技术(通用术语PVD)之一来真空沉积,即阴极溅射,离子束溅射,激光蒸发或消融。
在20nm至2,000nm的有用范围内,作为所需颜色的强度的函数,最佳层厚度在100nm至300nm的范围内:颜色越深,层越厚。
在掺杂中,用氧掺杂产生了良好的结果,尽管根据偏差它不用于为珍珠母提供的层中,但其合适的化学配制是这样的类型:
(Ti,Sim)NxOy,其中m=1.5至4且x>y。
理论上,所有的氮原子都可以被氧原子取代。在一定浓度的氧之后,将失去极大选择性的吸收(即层损失有用的着色),这导致系数y的值被限制,优选在y=0和y=2之间。
粘合层是可选的,并且在珍珠母上的涂层的特定情况下,粘合层不证明是必需的。根据基质1的性质,在为了改善基质1上的主层3的粘合而期望粘合层的情况下,通过真空沉积钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3之前可以进行等离子处理,或更特别地在氩和/或氧气下,特别是在纯氩气或纯氧气下等离子处理。
此外并且仍然可选地,可以在钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层之上和/或之下沉积透明或半透明的附加中间2层或上层4。
层的累积更多的是一种制造模式的结果,而不是一个有意的选择。
在根据本发明方法的特定顺序中,进行阴极溅射(优选),或者通过离子束,Ti和Si的金属靶(但是也可以用期望比例的Ti/Si合金靶),通过添加反应性气体(“反应性溅射”)。
其他可能的方法是:
-阴极溅射或通过离子束,基于(Ti,Sik)NxOy的陶瓷靶;
-通过加入反应性气体(“反应性蒸发”),通过电子束,通过电弧或通过Ti和Si合金(优选TiSi2)的焦耳效应进行真空蒸发。
除了钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3之外,基质1还可以带有至少一个附加中间层2。该附加中间层2可以有几个功能。它可以用于促进钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3在基质1上的粘合。另一个功能可以是通过干涉效果调节反射颜色。为此,附加中间层2可以是单层的,或者由具有低折射率和高折射率的交替层的叠层形成,以获得期望的干涉效果,这些层中的一个或多个能够是吸收剂。
举例来说,特别是可以使用SiO2层:折射率1.46(低)和Si3N4层:折射率2(高)的叠层。优选地,层的厚度为在10nm和400nm之间选择每个层。这些层的折射率和厚度使得有可能控制干涉现象,即相长干涉和/或相消干涉的幅度和波长。
将会注意到,根据相同的干涉定律,钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3在叠层中类似地参与到其它层中。因此,可以使用钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3作为这些叠层的一部分,以产生额外的干涉效果。换句话说,可以产生(使用光学模拟软件)具有钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy以及具有低折射率和高折射率的层的叠层,其允许仅使用钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的层不能达到的光学性质。
根据本发明,附加中间层2的材料选自氮化物,氮氧化物和/或硅和/或金属氧化物,特别是选自以下金属:Ti,Al,Ta,Ce,Zr,Hf。
此外,涂层可以包括至少一个附加上层4,即沉积在与基质1的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3相对的自由表面上的层。这个附加上层4同样可以实现一个或多个功能。它可以具有增加涂层的耐机械和化学性,赋予涂层光泽或无光泽外观和/或产生深度效果的功能。如附加中间层2的情况那样,它也可以具有通过干涉效果来调节颜色的功能。它可以是单层或多层(SiO2和Si3N4的交替层的叠层),如对附加中间层2描述的那样,且同样地,由氮化物和/或各种材料的氧化物形成。
根据本发明,附加中间层2和附加上层4各自可以具有在20和2,000nm之间的厚度,如果沉积单层,则厚度是单层的厚度,或者如果沉积多层,则厚度是多层的厚度。
在制表和珠宝中,仍然存在在温暖和潮湿的环境中保持颜色的问题。为了解决这个问题,提出了层的叠层,特别是具有确定厚度的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy和Al2O3的叠层,在恶劣的环境中可以抵抗变色的叠层。因此,为了保护部件免于在温暖或潮湿环境中变色,附加中间层2或上层4优选包括铝Al2O3层与至少一个钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3交替的叠层。
这种方法的一个特别有利的应用涉及这样的部件的情况,其中基质1由珍珠母制成。
本发明还涉及制表或珠宝外部部件,其包括珍珠母基质。
根据本发明,该部件包括在基质1上方的黄色涂层的至少一个表面,并且该涂层包括至少一个钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层3,优选根据后面进一步解释的制剂之一。
更特别地,基质1是刻度盘。
本发明还涉及包括至少一个这种制表或珠宝外部部件的手表。
本发明还涉及包括这种制表或珠宝外部部件的珠宝。
总的来说,根据本发明沉积在珍珠母基质上的黄色层具有几个优点:
-颜色是独立于视角的黄色。可以通过沉积干涉层并通过调节钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy或其组合物的层的厚度来调制该颜色的色调和强度。
-沉积之后,珍珠母的特定形态总是可见的。
-该层很好地粘附在基质上,由于等离子处理和干涉层的沉积,粘附力也能够得到改善。
-反射度低,与介电氧化物相当,以避免金属外观。
-涂层无毒。
-涂层相对于经涂覆制品的生产和使用条件(洗涤,贴花,处理等)是稳定的。
-涂层在不损害基质的条件下沉积。
-涂层具有化学稳定性,能够抵抗制表中内部零件的正常测试(紫外线,湿热,热冲击)。
总之,基于钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的本发明以称为“香槟”的色相产生黄色着色层,更具体地,金色光泽,该层非常耐久,尤其是耐磨,并且优于现有技术着色中已知的所有涂层。该层具有良好的透明性,并且被证明适用于高级制表或珠宝创作,以保护所考虑的部件和显示其优点。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于在包括预先在基质(1)上制备的至少一个可见表面的结构部件或者制表或珠宝外部部件上着色涂覆的方法,所述方法包括钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的至少一个主层(3)的至少一个真空沉积步骤(2),其特征在于,在基质(1)与钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层(3)之间,和/或在钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层(3)的自由表面上沉积透明或半透明的附加中间层(2)和/或附加上层(4),并且特征在于为了保护所述部件不在温暖或潮湿环境中变色,所述附加层(2,4)包括铝Al2O3层与钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的至少一个所述主层(3)交替的叠层。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或所述掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy具有1.5和4.0之间的系数k(比Si/Ti)以赋予所述主层(3)黄色。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的所述至少一个主层(3)具有20纳米和2,000纳米之间的厚度。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的所述至少一个主层(3)具有30纳米和300纳米之间的厚度。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的所述至少一个主层(3)具有在3.00和6.33之间的系数x。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的所述至少一个主层(3)具有在0.0和2.0之间的系数y。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy还掺杂锂以使颜色饱和。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层(3)的真空沉积之前等离子处理以改善所述主层(3)在基质(1)上的结合。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于在钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的主层(3)的真空沉积之前在氩气和/或氧气下等离子处理来改善所述主层(3)在基质(1)上的结合。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述附加中间层(2)和/或所述附加上层(4)由单层或层的叠层形成。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述附加层(2,4)由具有给定折射率的层和具有大于给定折射率的折射率的层交替的层的叠层形成以产生干涉效果。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述附加层(2,4)由氮化物、氧氮化物和/或金属氧化物或硅组成。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中氧化物和氮化物的金属选自钛、钽、铝、锆、铪和铈。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法应用于所述部件,所述部件的基质(1)由珍珠母制成。
15.制表或珠宝结构部件,包括珍珠母基质(1),其特征在于所述部件具有在所述基质(1)上方具有黄色涂层的至少一个表面,并且包括钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的至少一个主层(3)。
16.制表或珠宝外部部件,包括珍珠母基质(1),其特征在于所述部件具有在所述基质(1)上方具有黄色涂层的至少一个表面,并且包括钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)Nx或掺杂有氧的钛和硅氮化物(Ti,Sik)NxOy的至少一个主层(3)。
17.如权利要求16所述的制表或珠宝外部部件,其特征在于,所述基质(1)是刻度盘。
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