CN108238029B - Braking system of high-speed rail motor train unit - Google Patents

Braking system of high-speed rail motor train unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108238029B
CN108238029B CN201611215585.4A CN201611215585A CN108238029B CN 108238029 B CN108238029 B CN 108238029B CN 201611215585 A CN201611215585 A CN 201611215585A CN 108238029 B CN108238029 B CN 108238029B
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braking
motor
brake
electric
speed
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CN108238029A (en
Inventor
赵桂锋
崔有祥
闵春华
郭颖
颜开红
赵建军
邓爱玲
刘彬
王嫣
杨海龙
张�荣
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Nantong Shuguang Electromechincal Engineering Co ltd
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Nantong Shuguang Electromechincal Engineering Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/665—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a braking system of a high-speed rail motor train unit, which comprises a braking controller, a composite electric braking control executing device and an air braking control executing device, wherein the braking controller receives a braking level command, weather information, load information and speed information of a train, which are sent by a driver, and calculates and distributes braking force; the composite electric brake control execution device selects and controls the braking modes including regenerative braking and dynamic braking, and generates electric braking force through a current transformation device with a braking function and a motor; the brake system of the high-speed rail motor train unit optimizes the brake control of the high-speed rail motor train unit, achieves the positive effects of recycling electric energy, improving the comfort of trains during braking, reducing the braking time and the braking distance to the maximum extent, facilitating the maintenance of a basic brake device and the like, and has potential popularization and application values.

Description

Braking system of high-speed rail motor train unit
Technical Field
The invention relates to a brake system of a high-speed rail motor train unit.
Background
The high-speed rail motor train unit adopts a traction motor as power, and a braking system of the high-speed rail motor train unit adopts composite braking formed by motor electric braking and air braking. The brake control unit calculates and generates braking force according to the braking level, the speed information and the load information, and distributes the braking force according to the principle of priority of electric braking of the motor so as to reduce the abrasion of a brake disc and a brake pad in the brake basic device.
Usually, the electric braking and the air braking of a motor are mainly adopted as supplements at medium and high vehicle speeds; when the vehicle speed is lower than 30km/h, the electric brake of the motor is cut off, and air brake is adopted. In the whole braking process, particularly in the switching process of low-speed electric braking and air braking of the motor, the total braking force is unchanged as much as possible, and the deceleration of the train is changed smoothly, so that the longitudinal impact during braking is reduced, and passengers feel comfortable and safe.
Electromechanical braking typically employs dynamic braking and regenerative braking. The motor electric brake of the early motor train unit adopts energy consumption brake, and the novel motor train unit adopts regenerative brake. Two types of braking of the motor have advantages and disadvantages.
The dynamic braking has the advantages that required equipment is simple, the electromotive force of the motor is reduced along with the reduction of the vehicle speed, the electric braking force is reduced, and the stable switching between the electric braking and the air braking of the motor is easily realized. However, the kinetic energy of the train cannot be fully utilized, and the energy-consuming brake in the novel motor train unit is released to the regenerative brake.
The regenerative braking converts the kinetic energy of the train into electric energy to feed back the electric energy to the power grid, has the outstanding advantages of energy conservation and consumption reduction, and the high-speed regenerative braking of the train is easier to realize due to the high electromotive force of the motor. However, when the train is in a low speed, the electromotive force of the motor is reduced, the phase change of the inverter feedback device is difficult, and the fluctuation of the braking torque of the motor is large, so that the conventional motor train unit with the regenerative braking of the motor completely adopts air braking when the train speed is lower than 30 km/h.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a braking system of a high-speed rail motor train unit, which solves the problems in the prior art by fully utilizing the kinetic energy of a train, reducing the braking time and increasing the braking stability.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a brake system of a high-speed rail motor train unit comprises a brake controller, a composite electric brake control execution device and an air brake control execution device,
the brake controllers are arranged on each motor car, receive brake level instructions, weather information, load information and speed information of the trains sent by drivers, and calculate and distribute braking force; the method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the required braking force and the maximum adhesive force according to a pre-stored deceleration-speed curve and an adhesive coefficient-speed curve, ensuring that the calculated braking force is smaller than the maximum adhesive force, distributing the electric braking force according to the principle that the electric braking is prior, distributing the rest calculated braking force to the air brakes only when the electric braking force is insufficient, and distributing the air braking force to braking devices of the trailer and the motor train according to the proportion;
the composite electric brake control execution device selects and controls the braking modes including regenerative braking and dynamic braking, and generates electric braking force through a current transformation device with a braking function and a motor;
the air brake control execution device is respectively arranged on the motor car and the trailer and comprises an electric control pneumatic device and a basic brake device.
Furthermore, the composite electric brake control execution device comprises a brake control unit, a converter device with a regenerative brake function and an energy consumption brake function, a motor and a transmission device thereof, wherein the brake control unit receives a train speed signal and an electric brake force calculation value output by a brake controller, starts the regenerative brake of the motor when the train speed is higher than 45km/h, and controls the current of the motor to output the torque of the corresponding brake force; starting motor energy consumption braking when the train speed is lower than 45km/h, and controlling the current of the motor to keep the braking torque unchanged before and after switching; along with the further reduction of the train speed, the motor energy consumption braking torque is linearly reduced, and the air braking force generated by the air braking control execution device controlled by the brake controller is increased, so that the total braking force is kept unchanged; when the speed of the train becomes zero, the motor dynamic braking is automatically cut off, and the train is stopped at a specific position by air braking.
Further, in the air brake control execution device, the basic brake device comprises a pneumatic clamp, a brake pad and a brake disc, according to an air brake force command sent by the brake controller, pressure air is generated in the pneumatic device to drive the pneumatic clamp of the basic brake device to act, and the brake pad arranged on the pneumatic clamp and the brake disc rub to generate brake force.
Further, when the electric braking force is insufficient, the residual calculated braking force is distributed to the air brake, and the air brake is distributed to the trailer and the motor train according to the proportion of 70%.
Further, the composite electric brake control execution device is arranged on a bogie of the motor car.
Further, in the composite electric brake control execution device, when the motor works in a motor state for traction and a regenerative braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 1, and the thyristor V is positioned at the position 111In an off state; when the motor works in a dynamic braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 2, and the thyristor V11Triggering conduction.
Further, in the motor state, the thyristor V1~V4Operating at controlled rectification with control angle α<900Thyristor V5~V10Working in a three-phase inversion state, and transmitting electric energy to the motor by a single-phase alternating current power supply;
in the regenerative braking state, the thyristor V5~V10Operating in three-phase rectification with thyristors V1~V4Operating in an inverted state with control angle α>900The electric energy generated in the braking process of the motor is fed back to the single-phase alternating current power supply;
in the dynamic braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 2, and the thyristor V11Triggering and conducting to discharge magnetic energy in smoothing reactor, thyristor V1~V4Operating at controlled rectification with control angle α<900Thyristor V5~V10In the off state, the thyristor V1~V4The direct current obtained by rectification passes through a current limiting resistor RbThe input motor winding generates a constant magnetic field, and the electric energy generated in the braking process of the motor is consumed on the internal squirrel-cage winding resistor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the brake system of the high-speed rail motor train unit optimizes the brake control of the high-speed rail motor train unit, achieves the positive effects of recycling electric energy, improving the comfort of trains during braking, reducing the braking time and the braking distance to the maximum extent, facilitating the maintenance of a basic brake device and the like, and has potential popularization and application values.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an explanatory schematic view of a brake system of a high-speed rail motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a single-phase ac power supply, an inverter device having regenerative braking and dynamic braking functions, and an electric motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
A brake system of a high-speed rail motor train unit comprises a brake controller, a composite electric brake control execution device and an air brake control execution device, and is shown in figure 1.
The brake controllers are arranged on each motor car, receive brake level instructions, weather information, load information and speed information of the trains sent by drivers, and calculate and distribute braking force; the method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the required braking force and the maximum adhesion force according to a pre-stored deceleration-speed curve and adhesion coefficient-speed curve by experiments, ensuring that the calculated braking force is smaller than the maximum adhesion force, distributing the electric braking force according to the principle of priority of the electric braking, distributing the rest calculated braking force to the air braking only when the electric braking force is insufficient, and distributing the air braking force to the braking devices of the trailer and the motor car according to the proportion. The air brake proportion of the trailer is large, and the recommended value is 70% so as to reduce the acting force between the carriages when the train brakes and simultaneously realize the equal abrasion of the basic brake device for convenient maintenance.
The composite electric brake control executing device selects and controls the braking modes including regenerative braking and dynamic braking, and generates electric braking force through a current transformation device with a braking function and a motor.
The composite electric brake control executing device is positioned on a bogie of the bullet train and comprises a brake control unit, a converter device with a regenerative braking function and an energy consumption braking function, a motor and a transmission device thereof. The brake control unit receives a train speed signal and an electric brake force calculation value output by the brake controller, starts the regenerative braking of the motor when the train speed is higher than 45km/h, and controls the current of the motor to output the torque of the corresponding brake force; starting motor energy consumption braking when the train speed is lower than 45km/h, and controlling the current of the motor to keep the braking torque unchanged before and after switching; along with the further reduction of the train speed, the motor energy consumption braking torque is linearly reduced, and the air braking force generated by the air braking control execution device is controlled by the brake controller to be increased, so that the total braking force is kept unchanged; when the speed of the train becomes zero, the motor dynamic braking is automatically cut off, and the train is ensured to stop at a certain position by air braking.
The air brake control execution device is respectively arranged on the motor car and the trailer, and comprises an electromagnetic control valve, a brake pipe, a brake cylinder and other pneumatic devices and a basic brake device, wherein the basic brake device comprises a pneumatic clamp, a brake pad and a brake disc, a certain amount of pressure air is generated in the pneumatic devices according to an air brake force command sent by the brake controller to drive the pneumatic clamp to act, and the brake pad arranged on the pneumatic clamp and the brake disc are in friction to generate brake force.
FIG. 2 is a main circuit of the composite electric brake of the motor, the motor in FIG. 2 is a three-phase induction motor commonly used in motor cars, the power supply is a single-phase alternating current power supply, LdBeing smoothing reactors, RbThe current-limiting resistor is used for dynamic braking. When the motor works in a motor state for traction and a regenerative braking state, a contact KM of the contactor is positioned at a position 1, and a thyristor V11In an off state; when the motor works in a dynamic braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 2, and the thyristor V11Triggering conduction.
In FIG. 2, in the Motor State, the thyristor V1~V4Operating at controlled rectification with control angle α<900Thyristor V5~V10Working in three-phase inversion state with electric energy supplied byThe single-phase alternating current power supply is transmitted to the motor; in the regenerative braking state, the thyristor V5~V10Operating in three-phase rectification with thyristors V1~V4Operating in an inverted state with control angle α>900The electric energy generated in the braking process of the motor is fed back to the single-phase alternating current power supply; in the dynamic braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 2, and the thyristor V11Triggering and conducting to discharge magnetic energy in smoothing reactor, thyristor V1~V4Operating at controlled rectification with control angle α<900Thyristor V5~V10In the off state, the thyristor V1~V4The direct current obtained by rectification passes through a current limiting resistor RbThe input motor winding generates a constant magnetic field, and the electric energy generated in the braking process of the motor is consumed on the internal squirrel-cage winding resistor.
The motor composite electric brake adopted by the embodiment gives full play to the advantages of regenerative braking and dynamic braking and overcomes respective defects. Regenerative braking is adopted during high-speed running of the train, so that the electric energy is recycled, and the braking time and the braking distance are reduced to the maximum extent; and when the train is braked at low speed, the electric braking force is linearly reduced, the stable switching between the electric braking force and the air braking is easily realized, and the comfort of the train during braking is improved.
The embodiment provides the distribution of the electric braking force and the air braking force as well as the air braking force of the trailer and the air braking force of the motor train car, the mechanical abrasion is reduced by utilizing the electric braking force to the maximum extent, the air braking force of the trailer and the air braking force of the motor train car are distributed according to the principle of equal mechanical abrasion and maximum reduction of longitudinal acting force between carriages, and the maintenance of a foundation brake device and the balanced comfort of train braking are facilitated.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a braking system of high-speed railway EMUs which characterized in that: comprises a brake controller, a composite electric brake control executing device and an air brake control executing device,
the brake controllers are arranged on each motor car, receive brake level instructions, weather information, load information and speed information of the trains sent by drivers, and calculate and distribute braking force; the method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the required braking force and the maximum adhesive force according to a pre-stored deceleration-speed curve and an adhesive coefficient-speed curve, ensuring that the calculated braking force is smaller than the maximum adhesive force, distributing the electric braking force according to the principle that the electric braking is prior, distributing the rest calculated braking force to the air braking only when the electric braking force is insufficient, and distributing the air braking force to braking devices of a trailer and a motor car according to a proportion of 70%;
the composite electric brake control execution device selects and controls the braking modes including regenerative braking and dynamic braking, and generates electric braking force through a current transformation device with a braking function and a motor; the composite electric brake control execution device comprises a brake control unit, a converter device with the functions of regenerative braking and energy consumption braking, a motor and a transmission device thereof, wherein the brake control unit receives a train speed signal and an electric braking force calculation value output by a brake controller, starts the regenerative braking of the motor when the train speed is higher than 45km/h, and controls the current of the motor to output the torque of corresponding braking force; starting motor energy consumption braking when the train speed is lower than 45km/h, and controlling the current of the motor to keep the braking torque unchanged before and after switching; along with the further reduction of the train speed, the motor dynamic braking torque is linearly reduced, and the air braking force generated by the air braking control execution device controlled by the brake controller is increased, so that the sum of the braking force generated by the motor dynamic braking and the air braking force is kept unchanged; when the speed of the train becomes zero, the motor dynamic braking is automatically cut off, the train is stopped at a specific position by air braking, and the composite electric braking control execution device is arranged on a bogie of the motor train;
the air brake control execution device is respectively arranged on the motor car and the trailer and comprises an electric control pneumatic device and a basic brake device.
2. The brake system of the high-speed rail motor train unit according to claim 1, wherein: in the air brake control execution device, a basic brake device comprises a pneumatic clamp, a brake pad and a brake disc, according to an air brake force command sent by a brake controller, pressure air is generated in the pneumatic device to drive the pneumatic clamp of the basic brake device to act, and the brake pad arranged on the pneumatic clamp and the brake disc rub to generate brake force.
3. The brake system of the high-speed rail motor train unit according to claim 1, wherein: in the composite electric brake control execution device, part of functions in a converter device with regenerative braking and energy consumption braking functions are multiplexed, and the motor works in different states by controlling a thyristor and a contactor.
4. The brake system of the high-speed rail motor train unit according to claim 3, wherein: in the composite electric braking control execution device, when the motor works in a motor state for traction and a regenerative braking state, a contact KM of a contactor is positioned at a position 1, and a thyristor V11In an off state; when the motor works in a dynamic braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 2, and the thyristor V11Triggering conduction.
5. The brake system of the high-speed rail motor train unit according to claim 4, wherein: in the motor state, the thyristor V1~V4Operating at controlled rectification with control angle α<900Thyristor V5~V10Working in a three-phase inversion state, and transmitting electric energy to the motor by a single-phase alternating current power supply;
in the regenerative braking state, the thyristor V5~V10Operating in three-phase rectification with thyristors V1~V4Operating in an inverted state with control angle α>900The electric energy generated in the braking process of the motor is fed back to the single-phase alternating current power supply;
in the dynamic braking state, the contact KM of the contactor is positioned at the position 2, and the thyristor V11Triggering and conducting to discharge magnetic energy in smoothing reactor, thyristor V1~V4Operating at controlled rectification with control angle α<900Thyristor V5~V10In the off state, the thyristor V1~V4The direct current obtained by rectification passes through a current limiting resistor RbInput motor winding generationThe constant magnetic field, the electrical energy generated during the braking of the motor is consumed on the internal squirrel cage winding resistance.
CN201611215585.4A 2016-12-26 2016-12-26 Braking system of high-speed rail motor train unit Active CN108238029B (en)

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CN109131287B (en) * 2018-08-22 2020-10-20 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 Method, system and equipment for realizing impact limitation of brake system
CN111071287B (en) * 2018-10-19 2021-03-30 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 Micro-rail vehicle and braking system and braking method thereof
CN111071286B (en) * 2018-10-19 2021-03-19 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 Micro-rail vehicle and braking system and braking method thereof
CN111348023B (en) * 2018-12-24 2021-07-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 Vehicle and braking method and device thereof
CN110194135B (en) * 2019-05-21 2021-08-20 西安翔迅科技有限责任公司 Hinged rubber-wheel trolley bus braking system suitable for 3-5 sections of carriages
CN112193224B (en) * 2019-07-08 2021-10-26 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 Vehicle braking force distribution method, terminal device and storage medium
CN111231689B (en) * 2020-02-17 2021-08-31 中国神华能源股份有限公司神朔铁路分公司 Heavy-duty train braking method, device, system and storage medium
CN111391880A (en) * 2020-04-09 2020-07-10 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 Control method and control system for air-electricity hybrid braking of locomotive
CN112060919B (en) * 2020-09-21 2022-01-21 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 Rail vehicle brake fusion control system and method
CN113696743A (en) * 2021-09-29 2021-11-26 上海电机学院 Hybrid braking system and control method for pure electric and hybrid electric vehicle
CN113997793B (en) * 2021-11-30 2023-09-01 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 Train braking force distribution method and device under non-adhesive braking participation

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JP2012039738A (en) * 2010-08-06 2012-02-23 Hitachi Ltd Automatic train operating device
CN202966314U (en) * 2012-12-28 2013-06-05 巨大矿业有限公司 Control system of variable-frequency speed-regulating mining electric trolley locomotive
CN205097964U (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-03-23 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 Hand over straight electric locomotive braking energy feedback device
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