CN108237322A - A kind of electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device and method - Google Patents
A kind of electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108237322A CN108237322A CN201711023077.0A CN201711023077A CN108237322A CN 108237322 A CN108237322 A CN 108237322A CN 201711023077 A CN201711023077 A CN 201711023077A CN 108237322 A CN108237322 A CN 108237322A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
A kind of electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device, including sensing acquisition module, signal processing module and display analysis module, the collected micro current signal of sensing acquisition module is transferred to external signal processing module by the aviation plug on shielded cable and vacuum-chamber wall, and signal processing module is sensed obtained micro current signal and amplification forms voltage signal；Voltage signal in signal processing module out enters display analysis module to carry out real-time display by data collecting card and virtual instrument software Labview and stores on computers；The system of space charge realizes the real time monitoring to entire electron beam dynamic welding process right over commissure in a whole set of detection welding process that the present invention designs；The present invention is tested by welding procedure weld defect and oscillogram different in welding process setting up contact, gives criterion rule table of the waveform variation to weldquality, so as to make to weldquality accurate and judge in detail.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material processing fields, show and store specifically for design a whole set of space charge acquisition sensing
System, acquired in real time when electron beam dynamic is welded particular by Faraday cup harvester and be scattered in the charge in space and show
Show the electron beam welding process real time monitoring apparatus of storage, the electric signal waveform that monitoring method used is obtained based on monitoring system
Contacting between welding process and weldquality summarizes and the criterion of welding process and weldquality is advised by electric signal waveform
Rule.The real time monitoring of electron beam dynamic welding process is realized by the combined use of monitoring system and monitoring method.
Background technology
Electron beam welding is added using high pressure (25~300kV) of the electronics caused by cathode in electron gun in negative and positive interpolar
It is drawn out under fast electric field action, and accelerates to very high speed (0.3~0.7 times of light velocity), focused on through level-one or two level magnetic lenses
Afterwards, intensive high-speed electron flow is formed, when it is impinged upon at workpiece joint, kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy, and material is made to melt rapidly
Change so as to achieve the purpose that welding.For electronic beam current in welding material, the electronics of high speed is generating heat work with material surface contact
With while, have least a portion of electronics and ray dissipate in space.
Electron beam weldering is as a kind of welding method of difficult welding material, in welding quality control well, can be with
Ensure stable weldquality, so as to ensure stable weld strength, but if control is bad, then weld strength is difficult to continue guarantor
Card.In order to preferably control the weldquality of electron beam weldering, need to monitor electron beam welding process in real time.At present, very
Study all concentrates on focus current more, and on deflection current and boundling pole tension, but these factors all cannot accurately be embodied and be welded
Journey and weldquality.Patent (ZL201110181575.4) has invented a kind of electron beam current quality inspection device, is detecting
To on the basis of the power density distribution of section, with Marching Cubes algorithms and tri patch pattern to electron beam space work(
Rate Density Distribution carries out three-dimensionalreconstruction, but the research of this detection Electron Beam Quality is a kind of indirect monitoring method, therefore
The welding process of electron beam can not be monitored in real time." research of vacuum electron beam welder running quality monitoring technology " (metering
With measuring technology 2015.10.30) it proposes using divider and six Semi-digital multimeter detection accelerating potentials, it utilizes
Connect the control module CRE31/37 (I-MON ends and 0 end) of six Semi-digital multimeters and the switch board of electron-beam welder detection
Electronic beam current, but these factors can not directly and accurately embody welding process and weldquality.“Electron beam
Weld parameters and thermal efficiency improvement " (Vacuum) are built by analyzing the thermal efficiency
Electro-beam welding process parameter (power P, speed of welding v and focusing parameter d are foundz) and weld shape parameters (weld width B,
Fusion penetration H and thermal efficiency ηt) between relational model, and the optimization for passing through the thermal efficiency has obtained optimization method, and research also proposed
Obtain the focal position of maximum thermal efficiency or maximum fusion penetration.Two of P/H and vB as electron beam welding self-organizing process are determined
A main technologic parameters.It can be that optimizing welding process parameter is provided by these analyses, improve welding quality but can not be real-time
Anyway entire welding process." electron-beam welder penetrates monitoring method and the application study of line " (equipment manufacturing technology 2015
Year 12 phases) it devises electron beam and penetrates the detection device of line and line is penetrated to detection carried out Primary Study, but since it is adopted
Acquisition means are mutually fixed with workbench, are measured etc. using ammeter and are permitted the pass through the measurement of line and influenced and precision by welding plate length
Not high, it is according to the method for penetrating line size adjusting process parameter but all relatively more general that he rule of thumb describes some, lacks
The theories integration of system can not also accomplish that welding process dynamically monitors in real time.“Experimental Investigation
Of Weld Pool Formation In Electron Beam Welding " (Vacuum) employ secondary electron collector,
Photodiode and CCD photography technologies have studied electron beam molten bath and spoon in energy transfer mechanism and welding process on metallic target
The formation in hole.It is the dynamic process of unstable state to show electron beam welding, and molten bath and plasma aperture play master in the formation of weld seam
Effect is led, but specific welding process is not described, is also not carried out the real time monitoring of welding process.
Invention content
The present invention is directed to the problems such as direct monitoring more difficulty and Weld seam quality control of current electron beam welding process,
Devise the monitoring system of a whole set of electron beam dynamic welding process, mainly include sensing acquisition module, signal processing module and
Show 3 parts of analysis module, entire monitoring system is based on to space 8 right over commissure in electron beam dynamic welding process
The charge of a position is acquired and Sense Amplification is shown, by being contacted obtained waveform and welding process foundation and summarizing rule
Rule show that monitoring method realizes the real time monitoring of electron beam welding process.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
One electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device, including sensing acquisition module, signal processing module and
Show analysis module, the collected micro current signal of sensing acquisition module is passed by the aviation plug on shielded cable and vacuum-chamber wall
The defeated signal processing module to outside, signal processing module is sensed obtained micro current signal and amplification forms voltage and believes
Number；Voltage signal in signal processing module out enters display analysis module and passes through data collecting card and virtual instrument software
Labview carries out real-time display and stores on computers；Wherein, by being carried out to the voltage signal obtained in display analysis module
Observation can be fast to sensing acquisition mould position and signal processing module in amplifying circuit amplification factor make adjustment to whole
A monitoring device is proofreaded so that voltage waveform can be showed preferably；Sensing acquisition module is pacified by Support bracket
It is placed on vacuum-chamber wall and collects the space charge in welding process right over commissure, signal processing module and display analysis mould
Block is handled the micro current signal received outside vacuum chamber, is shown and is stored.
Sensing acquisition module is made of harvester and Support bracket device, and harvester is by Support bracket frame in vacuum
On locular wall, harvester collects the space charge right over commissure and forms micro current signal.Harvester uses faraday
Core structure, including shielding shell, three parts of insulating layer and passive electrode.External stainless steel shielding shell is cone,
Upper end opening has a layer insulating inside stainless steel casing,
Wherein, 8 pieces of passive electrodes and mutual insulating are uniformly embedded in insulating layer, 8 pieces of passive electrodes are divided into 2 layers.It is close
Welding plate is the passive electrode that first layer is number 1,2,3,4, and be the second layer a little further from welding plate is number 5,6,7,8.
According to welding direction, the side being first welded in front of commissure, to correspond to 1,5 passive electrodes, after be welded to
Side is commissure rear, corresponds to 3,7 passive electrodes.The both sides of welding direction are two pieces of welding plates, are selected along welding direction
Left side corresponds to 2,6 passive electrodes for welding plate position below commissure；It is welding plate position above commissure along on the right side of welding direction
Corresponding 4,8 passive electrodes.
Further, Signal-regulated kinase is a signal switch board, and the inside is equipped with collects electricity with 8 blocks of copper in harvester
Extremely corresponding sensing resistor and WeChat ID amplifying circuit.The current signal being collected into is converted to voltage signal by sensing resistor,
The voltage signal of millivolt level is amplified by amplifying circuit later.Voltage signal access later shows the data in analysis module
Capture card simultaneously passes through virtual instrument software Labview programmings realization real-time display and storage.
Further, display analysis calculating display module includes acquisition interface and query interface, wherein, lead in acquisition interface
It crosses data collecting card and receives the voltage signal spread out of in signal processing module and real-time display and storage, query interface can be to storage
The waveform deposited is called.
Based on the monitoring method of above-mentioned monitoring system, including being as follows：
1st, it cleans welding plate and assembles welding plate so that commissure exactly corresponds to sensing acquisition mould middle harvester soon
Underface；
2nd, the indoor sensing acquisition mould of vacuum is passed through into aviation plug and shielded cable with external signal processing module soon
It connects, and display analysis module is all turned on the circuit in signal processing module；
3rd, setting accelerating potential V is vacuumized, beam adjusts focus current and adjusts focus under welding plate other positions tuftlet stream, together
When check and correction is carried out to entire monitoring device make the waveforms of 1,2,3,4 positions the waveform of 5,6,7,8 positions be same in same initial value
One initial value；
4th, setting welding parameter welds line A, speed of welding v, and welding starts observation and shows acquisition interface in analysis module
On waveform real-time change and by obtained Wave data all store；
5th, welding terminates, and welding Wave data just is recalled by the query interface shown in analysis module, by waveform
Variation contact comparing with welding process and weldquality, according to weldquality evaluation criterion to entire welding process and weld seam
Quality provides judgement.
Further, the weldquality evaluation criterion is as follows：1) the consistent level reflection weldering of trapezoidal shape waveform entirety
The stability of seam；2) under the premise of lack of penetration, the heat input of the highly reactive weld seam of waveform；3) weld seam upper and lower directions 2,6
It puts with 4, the uniformity and symmetry of the comparison of wave shape situation reaction weld seam of 8 positions；4) weld seam front-rear direction 1,5 positions and 3,7
Weld penetration variation in the raised reacting condition welding direction that position waveform occurs.
The present invention has remarkable advantage compared with the prior art：
1st, system of space charge realizes pair right over commissure in a whole set of detection welding process that the present invention designs
The real time monitoring of entire electron beam dynamic welding process；
2nd, the present invention is tested by welding procedure weld defect and oscillogram different in welding process setting up contact,
Criterion rule table of the waveform variation to weldquality is given, so as to make to weldquality accurate and judge in detail.
3rd, the present invention can continue to optimize technological parameter by the monitoring system and monitoring method of design, so as to improve weldering
Seam, efficiency is improved in large batch of welding process.
4th, the monitoring system and monitoring method have very strong applicability, almost can be applied to all vacuum electron beams
Welding machine is also easy to be generalized to the welding of other metals.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is electron beam dynamic welding monitoring schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is sensing display module schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the relational graph between sensing acquisition module, signal processing module and display 3 modules of analysis module；
Fig. 4 is electron beam dynamic welding monitoring method flow chart；
Fig. 5 corresponds to schematic diagram for welding plate and harvester direction；
Fig. 6 is welds line 10mA, the corresponding oscillogram of speed of welding 4mm/s weld seams；
Fig. 7 is welds line 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s weld seam schematic diagrames；
Fig. 8 upwardly biases the corresponding oscillogram of 1mm weld seams to weld line 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s, focus；
Fig. 9 upwardly biases 1mm weld seam schematic diagrames to weld line 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s, focus；
Figure 10 is welds line 10mA, the corresponding oscillogram of speed of welding 5mm/s weld seams；
Figure 11 is welds line 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s, one piece of welding plate side groove weld schematic diagram；
Figure 12 be welding current 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s, the corresponding oscillogram of one piece of welding plate side groove weld；
Figure 13 be welding current 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s, longitudinal groove weld schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is welding current 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/s, the corresponding oscillogram of longitudinal groove weld.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and attached drawing 1 and attached drawing 2 the present invention will be described in detail involved device and method.Pass through
The application of the present invention, can monitor electron beam welding process in real time.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention
Part of the embodiment, be not whole embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of making creative work belongs to the range that the present invention is protected.Experiment
Equipment is ZD60-6A CV500L type electron-beam welders.
Sensing acquisition module includes 9 two parts of harvester 11 and supporting drag-frame device, and harvester 11 passes through support
For 9 frame of bracket system on vacuum-chamber wall, lower end has the distance of 20mm away from welding plate 12, positioned at the surface of welding plate 12.Harvester
11 using faraday core structures generally truncated cone-shaped, and lower end major diameter is 120mm, and upper end minor diameter is 50mm, cone shell
Angle be divided into 3 layers in total for 45 °.Outer layer is that stainless steel shielding 18 thickness of shell is 1mm, and it is 0.3mm that centre, which is a layer thickness,
Resin insulating barrier 19, avoid what is be collected on copper passive electrode 20 for completely cutting off copper passive electrode 20 and stainless steel casing 18
Charge is directly entered the earth by stainless steel casing 18 and carrier support means 9.Inner layer is evenly distributed with 8 pieces of brass passive electrodes
20 and mutually insulated, number is 8 pieces of numbers by passive electrode 20 in attached drawing 2, to 8, space position right over commissure
Charge be acquired, it is about 6.5 that range of the monoenergetic electrons in brass, which is calculated, according to monoenergetic electrons range empirical equation
× 10-3mm is very small to be ignored, and it is 0.3mm to take thickness.Carrier support means 9 are divided to be had altogether for bracket 22 and supporting rod 23
2 parts.22 overall length 100mm of bracket, cross section are the rectangle of 20 × 40mm.There are diameter 60mm, the cylinder of high 40mm in one end
Thin wall cylinder 21 is provided with 2 diameter 3mm by spot-welded on the upper end of 11 stainless steel casing 18 of harvester, cylinder thin-walled 21
Aperture, 22 one end of bracket cuts out the cylindrical cross-section identical with 21 diameter of cylinder thin-walled, passes through corresponding 2 M3 × 6mm's
Bracket 22 and cylinder thin-walled 21 are tightly connected together by threaded hole using screw.The other end is c-type structure, by a diameter of
It the circular hole of 2.4mm and is tightly gripped on supporting rod with the aperture attachment screw nut of the diameter 3mm on top.
Signal processing module is a signal switch board 15, and the inside is equipped with the nothing of 8 groups of 3 watts of RI80A type resistance value 1k Ω power
Sensing resistor and AD620 WeChat ID amplifying circuits.The electric current that the charge that sensing acquisition mould harvester 11 in the block is collected into is formed
Signal enters signal switch board 15 by the aviation plug 14 on shielded cable 10 and vacuum-chamber wall, and current signal passes through noninductive
Resistance is converted into voltage signal.AD620 types amplifying circuit has 2 grades of amplification modules, and first order amplification module passes through AD620 realities
Existing, AD620 is a low cost, high-precision meter amplifier, it is only necessary to which a non-essential resistance sets gain.The two of AD620
A internal gain resistance is 24.7k Ω, therefore the equation of the first stage gain：
G1=49.4k Ω/R11+1
Second level amplification module realizes common amplifier, the equation of the second stage gain by LM358:
G2=(R16+RW1)/R17+1
By early period with universal meter to the measurement of sensing resistor both sides voltage in welding process and output voltage 0~-
R11 is selected in the requirement shown in the range of 10V, and R16, R17 are adjusted to 5k Ω for 2.2k Ω, RW1, and amplification factor is about 100 in total
Times.Obtained voltage signal is amplified by entire amplifying circuit by the power supply power supply of Switching Power Supply offer 5V makes output make to obtain
Voltage between 0~-10V, the voltage signal that finally obtains is accessed by single-ended wiring shows that the data in analysis module are adopted
Truck USB-4711A.
Data collecting card USB-4711A in display analysis module is received by shielded cable 10 in signal processing module
The voltage signal transmitted is uploaded to computer 16, is programmed specifically by virtual instrument software Labview on computer 16
It is divided into two parts of acquisition module and enquiry module.Acquisition interface is by setting data collecting card USB-4711A parameter channels
Putting realizes the real-time display of voltage signal, and is all carried out per voltage signal all the way by Butterworth second-order low-pass filter
Noise filtering, in addition to this acquisition interface by the method for waveform concatenation and write-in electrical form by all obtained waveform sum numbers
According to being preserved, ensure calling and the processing in later stage.Query interface the waveform preserved in acquisition interface can be called and
Editor, and all Wave datas can be stored in the form of Excel tables.
Monitoring method specifically includes as follows：
1st, it cleans welding plate 12 and assembles welding plate 12 so that commissure exactly corresponds to acquire during sensing acquisition mould is fast
The underface of device 11；
2nd, the indoor sensing acquisition module of vacuum and external signal processing module are passed through into aviation plug 14 and shielding line
Cable 10 is connected, and display analysis module is all turned on the circuit in signal processing module；
3rd, setting accelerating potential V is vacuumized, beam adjusts focus current and adjusts focus under 12 other positions tuftlet stream of welding plate,
To entire monitoring device proofread the waveform for making 1,2,3,4 positions simultaneously in same initial value, the waveform of 5,6,7,8 positions exists
Same initial value.
4th, setting welding parameter welds line A, speed of welding v, and welding starts observation and shows acquisition interface in analysis module
On waveform real-time change and by obtained Wave data all store.
5th, welding terminates, and welding Wave data just is recalled by the query interface shown in analysis module, by waveform
Variation contact comparing with welding process and weldquality, changes the criterion table butt welding to weldquality according to following waveform
Termination process and weldquality provide judgement.
The space electronic variation of 8 positions right over weld seam in sensing acquisition module collected by 8 pieces of copper passive electrodes
The specific criterion of oscillogram reacted in display analysis module on query interface is as follows：
1st, whole all present of 8 road waveforms stablizes isosceles trapezoid shape, and waveform stationary time is longer, commissure upper and lower
2nd, the waveform of 4 and 6,8 positions is close.Corresponding weld seam is highly stable and symmetrical, face of weld slight depression, weld seam tensile strength
It is high.
2nd, substantially parabolically shape, corresponding welding process do not form steady waveform to 8 road waveforms.And below commissure
2 and 6 position waveforms are higher than the waveform of 4 and 8 positions of top.Heat input is inadequate in corresponding welding process, and analysis is burnt
Point location bias causes, and most of line beats 4 and 8 this side of position above commissure, may form the melting of another side plate
Amount not enough causes not merge defect.
3rd, 8 road waveforms integrally also show isosceles trapezoid shape, and commissure upper and lower 2,4 and 6, the waveforms of 8 positions
It is close, but the height of overall waveform is slightly lower, and waveform stationary time is also shorter.Heat input is inadequate in corresponding welding process,
Cause fusion penetration inadequate, analysis is that welding current becomes smaller caused by either speed of welding becomes larger, and weldering can be caused to meet strength reduction.
4th, isosceles trapezoid shape is presented in the waveform on 8 tunnels, and relatively more steady.The waveform comparison of 6,8 positions of commissure upper and lower
It is close, and the waveform of 2 position of lower section is significantly lower than the waveform of 4 position of top.Corresponding weld seam is whole or relatively more stable,
But weld seam does not measure up, and both sides weld bead height is inconsistent when analysis is two pieces of welding plate docking, the weldering on 4 position sides above commissure
Plate welding seams side slope mouth causes height slightly higher, sees attached drawing 11 and attached drawing 12.
5th, the waveform first half on 8 tunnels is more uniform, and commissure upper and lower 2,4 and 6, the waveforms of 8 positions also more
It is close.Latter half commissure rear 3,7 positions waveform first there is protrusion, later front 1,5 positions waveform occur protrusion.
The more stable and entire welding process upper and lower welding plate energy of corresponding welding process first half is uniform, analyzes latter half
Waveform variation is constantly to reduce to cause along bead direction height because of welding plate, this process fusion penetration successively occurs and changes and penetrate
2 states change, and see attached drawing 13 and attached drawing 14.
6th, whole all present of 8 road waveforms stablizes isosceles trapezoid shape, and waveform stationary time is longer, commissure or so 2,
The waveform of 4 and 6,8 positions is close, and for the last commissure of waveform in addition to front 1,5 positions, protrusion all occurs in other positions waveform.
Corresponding weld seam is whole uniformly and beautiful, and face of weld slight depression, weld seam tensile strength is high, but occurs when finally receiving arc
Apparent arc crater is shown in attached drawing 11 and 12.
Embodiment 1
Experiment it is used be 6061 aluminium alloys, thickness 4mm, at high temperature with good plasticity, welding performance is good
It is good, but easily oxidation in air.By the oil on weldment surface, rust and oxide remove, and particularly two butting surfaces make first
The oxide on surface is scraped off with scraper, then scouring dehydration is carried out with absolute ethyl alcohol.
As shown in Figure 1, welding plate 12 is put on workbench 13, sensing acquisition mould 11 frame of harvester in the block is in vacuum
Room Bishan is placed at 12 surface 20mm of welding plate, ensures that line is always in 11 center of harvester and welding plate in the welding process
12 commissures.In order to which preferably the voltage waveform in harvester 11 is mapped with the direction of welding plate 12, all techniques
The direction instruction for all deferring to attached drawing 5 of experiment, number is numbered for copper passive electrode 20 in figure, and welding direction is from dividing to the left again
For front-rear direction, upper and lower 2 pieces of welding plates docking is divided into upper and lower directions.
Selected technological parameter is accelerating potential 60kV, focuses on line 661mA, welds line 10mA, speed of welding 4mm/
s.While ensureing that electronic beam current gets to welding plate 12, workbench 13 starts to move, and the rate travel of workbench 13 is to weld speed
Rate.At the same time, harvester 11 starts collection space charge and forms current signal and carried out by signal switch board 15
Voltage signal is formed after Sense Amplification to carry out real-time display on computer 16 and store.
8 tunnel oscillograms are recalled by query interface, it is whole that observation analysis voltage oscillogram can obtain 8 road waveforms as shown in Figure 6
Body all present stablize isosceles trapezoid shape, and above and below commissure 2,4 and 6, the waveform of 8 positions it is close, illustrate entirely to weld
Journey is more stable and uniform and heat input is enough, judges the weld seam for quality weld.
As shown in Figure 7, observation weld seam is highly uniform symmetrical and horizontal, and face of weld is slightly recessed for the weld seam finally obtained
It falls into, welding process is very stable, and final tensile strength tensile strength is 142MPa, has reached the 68% of substrate.
Embodiment 2
Used in experiment is 6061 aluminium alloys, and thickness 4mm repeats the experimental procedure in example 1.Selected technique ginseng
Number is accelerating potential 60kV, focuses on line 661mA, welds line 10mA, and speed of welding 4mm/s upwardly biases focal position
1mm.While ensureing that electronic beam current gets to welding plate 12, workbench 13 starts to move, and the rate travel of workbench 13 is to weld
Rate.At the same time, harvester 11 start collection space charge and formed current signal and by signal switch board 15 into
Voltage signal is formed after row Sense Amplification to carry out real-time display on computer 16 and store.
8 tunnel oscillograms are recalled by query interface, observation analysis voltage oscillogram can obtain 8 tunnels substantially wave as shown in Figure 8
Shape parabolically shape, molten bath of the corresponding welding process heat input not enough without forming stabilization.2 and 6 of lower section Board position
The waveform put is higher than the waveform of 4 and 8 positions of upper plate, and when waveform ends up weld seam rear 3,7 positions waveform occur
Protrusion.Judge that entire welding process occurs not merging in first half, welding is just formd in the most second half section, analysis is burnt
Caused by point position is not aligned with.
As shown in Figure 9, the weld seam of observation weld seam the last period not merging defect the weld seam finally obtained occurs, most of
Line beat on plate above cause lower section welding plate melting amount not enough cause it is not burn-oning as a result, the poor quality of weld seam.
Embodiment 3
Used in experiment is 6061 aluminium alloys, and thickness 4mm repeats the experimental procedure in example 1.Selected technique ginseng
Number is accelerating potential 60kV, focuses on line 661mA, welds line 10mA, speed of welding 5mm/s.Ensure that electronic beam current gets to weldering
While plate 12, workbench 13 starts to move, and the rate travel of workbench 13 is bonding speed.At the same time, harvester
11 beginning collection space charges simultaneously form current signal and form voltage letter after Sense Amplification is carried out by signal switch board 15
Real-time display is carried out number on computer 16 and is stored.
8 tunnel oscillograms are recalled by query interface, 8 road waveforms are whole as shown in Figure 10 for observation analysis voltage oscillogram
Show isosceles trapezoid shape, and commissure it is upper and lower 2,4 and 6, the waveform of 8 positions it is also close, but the height of overall waveform is low
In the waveform of attached drawing 6, the plateau region time is shorter than Fig. 6 waveform.Illustrate that welding process more steadily forms stable weld seam,
But heat input is inadequate, and the fusion penetration of weld seam is also inadequate, and the intensity of welding will not be too high.
The weld seam finally obtained is similar to attached drawing 7, and weld seam is more stable and uniform, but the face of weld explanation that is not recessed is molten
It is deep inadequate, the tensile strength 116MPa measured, less than the weld seam of attached drawing 7.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device, which is characterized in that including sensing acquisition module, signal
Processing module and display analysis module, the collected micro current signal of sensing acquisition module is by shielded cable and vacuum-chamber wall
Aviation plug is transferred to external signal processing module, and obtained micro current signal is sensed and amplified by signal processing module
Form voltage signal；Voltage signal in signal processing module out enters display analysis module and passes through data collecting card and virtual
Instrument software Labview carries out real-time display and stores on computers；Wherein, pass through the voltage to being obtained in display analysis module
Signal carry out observation can be fast to sensing acquisition mould position and signal processing module in amplifying circuit amplification factor make
Entire monitoring device is proofreaded in adjustment so that voltage waveform can be showed preferably；Sensing acquisition module passes through branch
Bracketing frame is placed on vacuum-chamber wall and collects the space charge in welding process right over commissure, signal processing module and aobvious
Show that analysis module is handled the micro current signal received outside vacuum chamber, show and store.
2. electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that sensing is adopted
Collection module is made of harvester and Support bracket device, and by Support bracket frame on vacuum-chamber wall, acquisition fills harvester
It puts the space charge collected right over commissure and forms micro current signal；Harvester uses faraday's core structure, including
Shield shell, three parts of insulating layer and passive electrode；External stainless steel shielding shell is cone, and upper end opening is stainless
There is a layer insulating inside outer steel shell.
3. electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that insulating layer
In be uniformly embedded with 8 pieces of passive electrodes and mutual insulating, 8 pieces of passive electrodes are divided into 2 layers；It is number that close welding plate, which is first layer,
1,2,3,4 passive electrode, and be the second layer a little further from welding plate be number 5,6,7,8；
According to welding direction, the side being first welded in front of commissure, to correspond to 1,5 passive electrodes, after the side that is welded to
For commissure rear, 3,7 passive electrodes are corresponded to；The both sides of welding direction are two pieces of welding plates, are selected along on the left of welding direction
2,6 passive electrodes are corresponded to for welding plate position below commissure；It is corresponded to along on the right side of welding direction for welding plate position above commissure
4,8 passive electrodes.
4. electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that signal tune
Reason module is a signal switch board, and the inside is equipped with and the corresponding sensing resistor of 8 pieces of copper passive electrodes in harvester and micro-
Signal amplification circuit；The current signal being collected into is converted to voltage signal by sensing resistor, and amplifying circuit is by the voltage of millivolt level
Signal is amplified；Voltage signal access shows the data collecting card in analysis module and passes through virtual instrument software Labview
Real-time display and storage are realized in programming.
5. electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that display point
Analysis calculates display module and includes acquisition interface and query interface, wherein, received at signal by data collecting card in acquisition interface
The voltage signal and real-time display and storage, query interface spread out of in reason module can be called the waveform of storage.
6. a kind of monitoring method based on electron beam dynamic welded seam Real-time quality monitoring device, which is characterized in that including tool
Body step is as follows：
Step 1, it cleans welding plate and assembles welding plate so that commissure exactly corresponds to sensing acquisition mould middle harvester soon
Underface；
Step 2, the indoor sensing acquisition mould of vacuum is passed through into aviation plug and shielded cable with external signal processing module soon
It connects, and display analysis module is all turned on the circuit in signal processing module；
Step 3, setting accelerating potential V is vacuumized, beam adjusts focus current and adjusts focus under welding plate other positions tuftlet stream, together
When check and correction is carried out to entire monitoring device make the waveforms of 1,2,3,4 positions the waveform of 5,6,7,8 positions be same in same initial value
One initial value；
Step 4, setting welding parameter welds line A, speed of welding v, and welding starts observation and shows acquisition interface in analysis module
On waveform real-time change and by obtained Wave data all store；
Step 5, welding terminates, and welding Wave data just is recalled by the query interface shown in analysis module, by waveform
Variation contact comparing with welding process and weldquality, according to weldquality evaluation criterion to entire welding process and weld seam
Quality provides judgement.
7. monitoring method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the weldquality evaluation criterion is as follows：1) it is terraced
The stability of the consistent level reflection weld seam of shaped wave entirety；2) under the premise of lack of penetration, the highly reactive weld seam of waveform
Heat input；3) weld seam upper and lower directions 2,6 positions and 4, the uniformity of the comparison of wave shape situation reaction weld seam of 8 positions and symmetrical
Property；4) weld seam front-rear direction 1,5 positions and 3, weld penetration becomes in the raised reacting condition welding direction that 7 position waveforms occur
Change.
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