CN106799532A - A kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester and method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester and method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106799532A CN106799532A CN201710081653.0A CN201710081653A CN106799532A CN 106799532 A CN106799532 A CN 106799532A CN 201710081653 A CN201710081653 A CN 201710081653A CN 106799532 A CN106799532 A CN 106799532A
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- cooled copper
- arc
- electric arc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
- B23K9/0956—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using sensing means, e.g. optical
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to electrical equipment arc characteristic technical field of measurement and test, disclose a kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester, split off as the division anode of plasma arc with the heat insulating lamella of 0.05mm using in the middle of two pieces of water-cooled copper plates, resistance, oscillograph, open loop Hall current sensor, DAQ data collecting cards, computer system etc. are connected under one piece of water-cooled copper plate wherein, and electric current distribution is calculated according to formula by the current value for flowing to the water-cooled copper plate for measuring.Present invention application division anode determines arc current density distribution, and method of testing is simple and easy to apply, and the hardware configuration of test device is greatly reduced；Based on its calculating is the integral curve according to measured current density, thus acquired results are very reliable, and testing procedure is succinctly effective so that error is smaller, as a result more accurate.
Description
Technical field
It is to be related to a kind of test arc current close specifically the invention belongs to electrical equipment arc characteristic technical field of measurement and test
The apparatus and method for spending distribution.
Background technology
Arc phenomenon is that occur in the devices such as various alternating current-direct current breakers, contactor, electric arc heated and electric arc welding
Fundamemtal phenomena, thus development level that degree decides such device is goed deep into just to electric arc parameters research.Electric arc
Processing performance is largely dependent on its electric current distribution, and current density energy direct reaction welding arc is in workpiece surface
Current distributions, further reflect heat input distribution of the electric arc to weldment, this with welding process in show it is molten
Pond form, fusion penetration size, droplet transfer, appearance of weld etc. have substantial connection.
Electric arc arc root current density is an important parameter of electric arc, is all the time focus of concern, while
It is also one of difficult point of electric arc research；It determines that heat flow density, the temperature in arc root region and the electric arc of electric arc are invaded electrode
The parameters such as erosion rate.The distribution of electric arc arc root current density refers to current supporting area current distributions in electric arc arc root circle, and it determines
Determine arc root region flux-density distribution, the Temperature Distribution in arc root region and electric arc and equal distribution is distributed to the erosion ratio of electrode
Parameter, therefore, the distribution of arc root current density is equally an important parameter of electric arc.In the past, to the current density of electric arc arc root
Distribution boundary condition is rule of thumb to be set to the axisymmetric exponential distribution decayed with radial distance, is surveyed rather than according to experiment
Test result and set, and experimental results have confidence level higher, therefore by experiment test electric arc arc root current density
Be distributed can be to provide necessary reliable basis for electric arc simulation study.To electric arc arc root current density distribution test thus into
It is to an important task in electric arc experimental study.
In general, measurement arc root current density method have high-speed photography shoot the electric arc instantaneous form of arc root method and
The method of SEM scanning electron microscopic observations electrode surface microscopic pattern after electric arc arc root ablation, both approaches can only be used for solving
The average current density of electric arc arc root.When electric current distribution in arc root circle domain is analyzed with both approaches, exist more
Insoluble problem, therefore find a kind of rational and simple to operate test electric arc arc root current density location mode and have
Very important realistic meaning.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve technical problem is to provide a kind of testing procedure and numerical value treatment is simple, manufacturing process is easy
Electric arc arc root current density distribution tester and method of testing, by the use of two pieces of water-cooled copper plates of hollow box body structure as sun
Pole, by cooling liquid is passed through inside water-cooled copper plate so that its temperature is faster reduced, the past test device being solved with this
The problem that can not be worked long hours；The very thin megohmite insulant (such as mica sheet) in centre separates two anodes, and coordinates oscillography
Device, open loop Hall current sensor, DAQ data collecting cards and computer are measured, and can measure welding gun electric arc with more convenient
Electric current distribution, so as to more preferably control welding effect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved by following technical scheme：
A kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester, including the first water-cooled copper plate, the second water-cooled copper plate, insulate it is thin
Piece, insulation asbestos base, power supply, welding gun, resistance, oscillograph, open loop Hall current sensor, DAQ data collecting cards, computer
System, video camera；
First water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled copper plate are respectively arranged with out in respective two relative walls
Water pipe and oral siphon, for connecting cooling water circulation；First water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled copper plate are used as division
Two anodes, between the two between be separated with a thickness be 0.05mm heat insulating lamella, first water-cooled copper plate and described second
Water-cooled copper plate and the heat insulating lamella are together fixedly mounted on the insulation asbestos base；
The negative pole of the power supply is connected with the welding gun, and the positive pole of the power supply is divided into two branch roads, wherein a branch road
First water-cooled copper plate is connected, another branch road first connects the resistance and be connected with second water-cooled copper plate again；It is described
The positive and negative electrode connection jaws of oscillograph are connected to the two ends of the resistance, and the oscillograph is sensed with the open loop Hall current
Device is connected, and the current value for flowing through second water-cooled copper plate is measured by the open loop Hall current sensor；The open loop is suddenly
You are connected to the computer system by current sensor by the DAQ data collecting cards, by data by the DAQ data
Capture card passes to the computer system 15；
The welding gun is located at directly over first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate surface and welding gun institute
In straight line perpendicular to the surface, for from the first water-cooled copper plate surface with the direction of the vertical heat insulating lamella, to described
Second water-cooled copper plate surface is moved, and crosses the heat insulating lamella；The position for video camera is in first water-cooled copper plate and described
Directly over second water-cooled copper plate surface and positioned at the side of the welding gun moving direction, exist for welding gun electric arc described in track up
Circular section on first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate surface, and photo is transferred to the department of computer science
System, circular section area is obtained by image procossing.
Wherein, first water-cooled copper plate is identical with the second water-cooled copper plate structure, is the hollow box of cuboid
Structure.
Using the method for testing of above-mentioned electric arc arc root current density distribution tester, carry out in accordance with the following steps：
(1) computer system, the DAQ data collecting cards, the oscillograph, the open loop Hall current is opened to pass
Sensor, the power supply, the video camera；
(2) outlet pipe of first water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled copper plate, oral siphon connection cooling water circulation, protect
Hold first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate internal cooling water flowing；
(3) the welding gun electric arc from the first water-cooled copper plate surface with the direction of the vertical heat insulating lamella, to described
Second water-cooled copper plate surface is moved, until crossing the heat insulating lamella；
Surveyed magnitude of voltage is transmitted to the open loop Hall current sensor by the oscillograph, then by open loop Hall electricity
Flow sensor treatment is obtained flowing through the current value of second water-cooled copper plate and is transferred to by the DAQ data collecting cards described
Computer system；The video camera shoots circle of the electric arc on first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate surface simultaneously
Section is simultaneously transferred to the computer system, and the computer system carries out image procossing and obtains to the picture that the video camera shoots
To the radius R of electric arc circular sectionm；
(4) computer system flows through second water-cooled copper according to measured by the open loop Hall current sensor
Current value I (x) of plate, by formula
It is calculated electric current distribution J (r)；
Wherein, J (r) is the electric current distribution of electric arc circular section when electric arc is perpendicular through the heat insulating lamella；R is electric arc
The distance of point in circular section to the center of circle；X is arc center to the first water-cooled copper plate side contacted with the heat insulating lamella
The distance in face；Rm is the radius of electric arc circular section.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Electric arc arc root current density distribution tester of the invention and method of testing, electric arc electricity is determined using division anode
Current density is distributed, and method of testing is simple and easy to apply, and the hardware configuration of test device is greatly reduced；Although needing to carry out necessary meter
Calculation can just draw current density, but based on being the integral curve according to measured current density due to this calculating, thus institute
Result is very reliable, the integrated form after unlimited subdivision can reflect current density at the Nei Ren positions of electric arc section
Oscillograph succinctly effectively, after the second water-cooled copper plate is connected with resistance R, is connected in parallel on resistance R two ends by actual value, testing procedure,
Current value is obtained by open loop Hall current sensor again so that error is smaller, it is as a result more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of the first water-cooled copper plate, the second water-cooled copper plate and mica sheet；
Fig. 2 is the overall assembling schematic diagram of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester provided by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of insulation asbestos base.
In figure：1. the first water-cooled copper plate；2. the second water-cooled copper plate；3. mica sheet；4. screwed hole；5. location hole；6. welding gun；
7. power supply；8. open loop Hall current sensor；9. outlet pipe；10. oral siphon；11. insulation asbestos bases；12. video cameras；13.
Oscillograph；14.DAQ data collecting cards；15. computer systems；16. resistance R.
Specific embodiment
For the content of the invention of the invention, feature and effect can be further appreciated that, following examples are hereby enumerated, and coordinate accompanying drawing
Describe in detail as follows：
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, present embodiment discloses a kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester, for surveying
Examination electric arc arc root current density distribution, including the first water-cooled copper plate 1, the second water-cooled copper plate 2, mica sheet 3, welding gun 6, power supply 7, open
Ring Hall current sensor 8, outlet pipe 9, oral siphon 10, insulation asbestos base 11, video camera 12, oscillograph 13, DAQ data are adopted
Truck 14, computer system 15, resistance R 16.
Open loop Hall current sensor uses Hall direct amplifier system principle, applies in general to high current warning, its work
Process is：When primary current (Ip) passes through a wire, a magnetic field will be produced in wire surrounding, the size in this magnetic field with
The electric current for flowing through wire is directly proportional, and it can sense on hall device and it is had a signal output by magnetic core aggregation；This
Signal is directly exported after amplifying through signal amplifier, and the signal of hall device output has accurately reflected the output feelings of primary current
Condition；Small with package dimension, measurement range is wide, lightweight, the low loss of power, the advantage without Insertion Loss.
As shown in figure 1, the present apparatus is arranged symmetrically as the anode of plasma arc, difference using two pieces of identical water-cooled copper plates
It is the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2.First water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2 are the hollow box of cuboid
Shape structure, and its respective two relative wall is respectively arranged with outlet pipe 9 and oral siphon 10, for enabling cooling water respectively
Circulated inside the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2.First water-cooled copper plate 1 and the conduct of the second water-cooled copper plate 2
Division two anodes, between the two between be separated with a thickness be 0.05mm mica sheet 3, mica sheet 3 can also with other thickness
Spend for the heat insulating lamella of 0.05mm or so replaces.First water-cooled copper plate 1, the second water-cooled copper plate 2 and mica sheet 3 are together arranged on exhausted
On kerb cotton base 11, the bottom surface of the bottom surface of the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2 is provided with screwed hole 4, micanite
The top surface of cotton base 11 corresponds respectively to the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2 is provided with location hole 5, with screw by first
The water-cooled copper plate 2 of water-cooled copper plate 1 and second is fixed and mica sheet 3 is fixedly clamped on insulation asbestos base 11, as shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Fig. 2 the negative pole of power supply 7 is connected by wire with welding gun 6, the positive pole of power supply 7 is divided into two branch roads, wherein
One branch road connects the first water-cooled copper plate 1, and another branch road first connects a resistance R 16 and be connected with the second water-cooled copper plate 2 again
Connect.The positive and negative electrode connection jaws of oscillograph 13 are connected to the two ends of resistance R 16, and oscillograph 13 is sensed with open loop Hall current
Device 7 is connected, and the current value for flowing through the second water-cooled copper plate 2 is measured by open loop Hall current sensor 7.Open loop Hall current is sensed
Device 7 is connected to computer system 15 by DAQ data collecting cards 14, and data are passed into calculating by DAQ data collecting cards 14
Machine system 15.Welding gun 6 be located at directly over the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the surface of the second water-cooled copper plate 2 and straight line where welding gun perpendicular to
The surface, with the direction of vertical mica sheet 3, moves, more for from the surface of the first water-cooled copper plate 1 to the surface of the second water-cooled copper plate 2
Cross mica sheet 3 (i.e. anode divisional plane).Video camera 12 be located at directly over the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the surface of the second water-cooled copper plate 2 and
Positioned at the side of the moving direction of welding gun 6, for the electric arc of track up welding gun 6 in the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the table of the second water-cooled copper plate 2
Circular section on face, and photo is transferred to computer system 15, obtain circular section area by image procossing.
Electric arc arc root under atmospheric gas pressure is the region of electric arc and electrode contact, it is considered that Cathode arc root be by it is many simultaneously
Small, high brightness the spot deposited flock together composition, i.e. electric arc arc root be cathode protection aggregation approximate circle area
Domain, this is to derive basis using the calculating for dividing anode measurement arc current density distribution, and electric arc circular section is with arc center
It is the center of circle, is divided into limited concentric circles and unlimited concentric circles, by the necessary Mathematical treatment to current signal, and then obtains
Electric arc arc root current density distribution curve.
The present apparatus flows through current value I (x) of the second water-cooled copper plate 2 using the direct measurement of open loop Hall current sensor 8, by
Maintained static in the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2, the electric arc of welding gun 6 is from the surface of the first water-cooled copper plate 1 with vertical mica
The direction of piece 3 is continuously moved to the surface of the second water-cooled copper plate 2, and crosses mica sheet 3 (i.e. anode divisional plane), so electric arc circle cuts
Face unlimited concentric circles with arc center as the center of circle is divided into, J (r) is the electricity of electric arc circular section when electric arc is perpendicular through mica sheet 3
Current density is distributed；R is distance of the point in electric arc circular section to the center of circle；X is arc center to the first water contacted with mica sheet 3
The distance of the side of cold copper coin 1；Rm is the radius of electric arc circular section, and it is to shoot electric arc circular arc circle using video camera 12 to cut that it seeks method
Face, and picture is passed into computer system 15, R is measured out by image processing softwarem.
The Mathematical Modeling of arc current value I (x) and arc current density J (r) when setting up electric arc perpendicular through mica sheet 3
For：
Solve this equation and can obtain arc current density.
Using the electric arc arc root current density distribution test method of said apparatus, it is comprised the following steps that：
(1) computer system 15, DAQ data collecting cards 14, oscillograph 13, open loop Hall current sensor 8, power supply are opened
7th, video camera 12；
Outlet pipe 9 and oral siphon 10 the connection cooling water circulation of (2) first water-cooled copper plates 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2, keep
Flow of cooling water in first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the second water-cooled copper plate 2；
(3) as shown in Fig. 2 the electric arc of welding gun 6 from the surface of the first water-cooled copper plate 1 with the direction of vertical mica sheet 3 to the second water
The surface of cold copper coin 2 is continuously moved, and crosses mica sheet 3 (i.e. anode divisional plane), and surveyed magnitude of voltage is transmitted to open loop by oscillograph 13
Hall current sensor 8, then the current value for flowing through the second water-cooled copper plate 2 is obtained simultaneously by the treatment of open loop Hall current sensor 8
Computer system 15 is transferred to by DAQ data collecting cards 14；Simultaneous camera 12 shoots electric arc in the first water-cooled copper plate 1 and the
The circular section on the surface of two water-cooled copper plate 2 is simultaneously transferred to computer system 15, the picture that computer system 15 shoots to video camera 12
Carry out the radius R that image procossing obtains electric arc circular sectionm；
(4) electric current that flows through second water-cooled copper plate 2 of the computer system 15 according to measured by open loop Hall current sensor 8
Value I (x), by formula
It is calculated electric current distribution J (r)；
Wherein, J (r) is the electric current distribution of electric arc circular section when electric arc is perpendicular through mica sheet 3；R is that electric arc circle cuts
The distance of point in face to the center of circle；X is distance of the arc center to the side of the first water-cooled copper plate 1 contacted with mica sheet 3；Rm is
The radius of electric arc circular section.
Although being described to the preferred embodiments of the present invention above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention is not limited in upper
The specific embodiment stated, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical, be not it is restricted, this area it is common
Technical staff in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, may be used also under enlightenment of the invention
To make the specific conversion of many forms, these are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester, it is characterised in that including the first water-cooled copper plate, the second water-cooled copper
Plate, heat insulating lamella, insulation asbestos base, power supply, welding gun, resistance, oscillograph, open loop Hall current sensor, DAQ data acquisitions
Card, computer system, video camera；
First water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled copper plate are respectively arranged with outlet pipe in respective two relative walls
And oral siphon, for connecting cooling water circulation；First water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled copper plate are used as two for dividing
Anode, between the two between be separated with the heat insulating lamella that a thickness is 0.05mm, first water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled
Copper coin and the heat insulating lamella are together fixedly mounted on the insulation asbestos base；
The negative pole of the power supply is connected with the welding gun, and the positive pole of the power supply is divided into two branch roads, wherein a branch road connection
First water-cooled copper plate, another branch road first connects the resistance and is connected with second water-cooled copper plate again；The oscillography
The positive and negative electrode connection jaws of device are connected to the two ends of the resistance, and the oscillograph and the open loop Hall current sensor string
Connection, the current value for flowing through second water-cooled copper plate is measured by the open loop Hall current sensor；The open loop Hall electricity
Flow sensor is connected to the computer system by the DAQ data collecting cards, by data by the DAQ data acquisitions
Card passes to the computer system 15；
The welding gun is located at directly over first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate surface and straight where the welding gun
Line perpendicular to the surface, for from the first water-cooled copper plate surface with the direction of the vertical heat insulating lamella, to described second
Water-cooled copper plate surface is moved, and crosses the heat insulating lamella；The position for video camera is in first water-cooled copper plate and described second
Directly over water-cooled copper plate surface and positioned at the side of the welding gun moving direction, for welding gun electric arc described in track up described
Circular section on first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate surface, and photo is transferred to the computer system, pass through
Cross image procossing and obtain circular section area.
2. a kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described first
Water-cooled copper plate is identical with the second water-cooled copper plate structure, is the hollow box structure of cuboid.
3. it is a kind of using as any one of claim 1-2 electric arc arc root current density distribution tester test side
Method, it is characterised in that carry out in accordance with the following steps：
(1) computer system, the DAQ data collecting cards, the oscillograph, open loop Hall current sensing are opened
Device, the power supply, the video camera；
(2) outlet pipe of first water-cooled copper plate and second water-cooled copper plate, oral siphon connection cooling water circulation, keep institute
State the first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate internal cooling water flowing；
(3) the welding gun electric arc from the first water-cooled copper plate surface with the direction of the vertical heat insulating lamella, to described second
Water-cooled copper plate surface is moved, until crossing the heat insulating lamella；
Surveyed magnitude of voltage is transmitted to the open loop Hall current sensor by the oscillograph, then is passed by the open loop Hall current
Sensor treatment obtains flowing through the current value of second water-cooled copper plate and is transferred to the calculating by the DAQ data collecting cards
Machine system；The video camera shoots circular section of the electric arc on first water-cooled copper plate and the second water-cooled copper plate surface simultaneously
And the computer system is transferred to, the computer system carries out image procossing and obtains electricity to the picture that the video camera shoots
The radius R of arc circular sectionm；
(4) computer system flows through second water-cooled copper plate according to measured by the open loop Hall current sensor
Current value I (x), by formula
It is calculated electric current distribution J (r)；
Wherein, J (r) is the electric current distribution of electric arc circular section when electric arc is perpendicular through the heat insulating lamella；R is that electric arc circle cuts
The distance of point in face to the center of circle；X is arc center to the first water-cooled copper plate side contacted with the heat insulating lamella
Distance；Rm is the radius of electric arc circular section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710081653.0A CN106799532A (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-02-15 | A kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester and method of testing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710081653.0A CN106799532A (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-02-15 | A kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester and method of testing |
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| CN106799532A true CN106799532A (en) | 2017-06-06 |
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| CN201710081653.0A Pending CN106799532A (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2017-02-15 | A kind of electric arc arc root current density distribution tester and method of testing |
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| CN107438327A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of plasma electrical signal online measurement apparatus and method |
| CN111398621A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-07-10 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring arc root movement speed of arc heater |
| CN114236168A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-25 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Arc root rotating speed measuring device and method for arc plasma generator |
| CN114245557B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-03-19 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | System and method for measuring arc root current density of plasma generator |
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| CN111398621A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-07-10 | 清华大学 | Method for measuring arc root movement speed of arc heater |
| CN114245557B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-03-19 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | System and method for measuring arc root current density of plasma generator |
| CN114236168A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-25 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Arc root rotating speed measuring device and method for arc plasma generator |
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