CN108224898A - 一种橇装式天然气再液化装置 - Google Patents

一种橇装式天然气再液化装置 Download PDF

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CN108224898A
CN108224898A CN201810037901.6A CN201810037901A CN108224898A CN 108224898 A CN108224898 A CN 108224898A CN 201810037901 A CN201810037901 A CN 201810037901A CN 108224898 A CN108224898 A CN 108224898A
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heat exchanger
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樊军
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Jiangsu Refrigeration And Liquefaction Equipment Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0256—Safety aspects of operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0259—Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/18—HYCO synthesis gas, e.g. H2/CO mixture

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种橇装式天然气再液化装置，包括低温液化槽、低温制冷机和低温蒸发气换热器，低温液化槽具有气体流入管线和液体流出管线，气体流入管线具有安全阀；低温制冷机的冷头与低温蒸发气换热器相连，低温蒸发气换热器位于低温液化槽内。当储罐内蒸发气压力达到安全阀设定的起跳压力时，蒸发气通过气体流入管线进入到低温液化槽中，低温制冷机的冷头与低温蒸发气换热器连接在一起，通过低温制冷机的冷头提供的冷量，蒸发气冷凝再液化，之后通过液体流出管线回流到液化天然气储罐中。此结构的橇装式天然气再液化装置结构简单、便于安装，能够及时回收液化蒸发气，避免了不必要的浪费并且消除了安全隐患。

Description

一种橇装式天然气再液化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及天然气液化装置领域，具体涉及一种橇装式天然气再液化装置。
背景技术
在液化天然气的储存和转运过程中，由于液化天然气的温度比外界低得多，又不可能完全与外界绝热，因而在液化天然气的装载过程中会存在一定的气化并产生蒸发气。
液化天然气储罐漏热是导致液化天然气液体蒸发的根本原因。液化天然气液体在储存的过程中会有外界的热量透过绝热保温层不断传递到罐内，这部分热量被低温的液化天然气液体所吸收，导致一部分液化天然气液体蒸发成气体。蒸发气的产生不但会造成产品损失还会成为储罐的安全隐患。如果将蒸发的天然气直接排放到大气中不仅会浪费掉很多燃料，还会对环境造成污染，加重温室效应。
中小型液化天然气储罐的罐容较小，从再液化系统经济性分析来看，如果设置再液化循环系统，则会增加很多设备，比如换热器、压缩机、膨胀机等，运营和维护成本相应增加。但是，从安全角度分析，天然气是易燃易爆气体，由于储罐漏热而引起的液化天然气蒸发气体如果全部排放到大气中，不但会造成环境污染，而且会浪费能源。如果储罐或液化天然气气化站的位置离居民区很近的话，直接排放还会对附近居民的身体健康造成一定的危害。
大部分液化天然气气化站，都设置了安全阀和蒸发气缓冲罐，一般气化站都设有蒸发气加热器，蒸发气加热器的出口为蒸发气缓冲罐，经过加热器之后的蒸发气直接进入调压、计量、加臭装置之后直接送入高压或次高压外输管网。
但是，调峰型或备用型液化天然气气化站进、出液不频繁，储罐中冷量不能得到补充，蒸发气的量比较大又不能直接排放到输气管网中，因而，只能设置再液化系统来回收液化天然气。
因此，选择高效合理的液化天然气蒸发气处理方式，是本领域技术人员目前急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种橇装式天然气再液化装置，该橇装式天然气再液化装置结构简单，便于安装，能够及时回收液化蒸发气，避免了不必要的浪费并且消除了安全隐患。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明提供了一种橇装式天然气再液化装置，包括低温液化槽、低温制冷机和低温蒸发气换热器，所述低温液化槽具有气体流入管线和液体流出管线，所述气体流入管线具有安全阀；所述低温制冷机的冷头与所述低温蒸发气换热器相连，所述低温蒸发气换热器位于所述低温液化槽内。
优选地，所述低温液化槽的底部呈坡度状，所述液体流出管线的连通口位于所述底部的低端。
优选地，所述低温制冷机为斯特林制冷机，其工作过程由两个等温过程和两个等容过程组成。
优选地，低温蒸发气换热器为肋片式。
优选地，所述橇装式天然气再液化装置位于LNG储罐顶部的橇座上，所述气体流入管线和所述液体流出管线均与所述LNG储罐相连。
本发明提供的橇装式天然气再液化装置，包括低温液化槽、低温制冷机和低温蒸发气换热器，低温液化槽具有气体流入管线和液体流出管线，气体流入管线具有安全阀；低温制冷机的冷头与低温蒸发气换热器相连，低温蒸发气换热器位于低温液化槽内。
当液化天然气储罐内蒸发气压力达到安全阀设定的起跳压力时，安全阀开启，液化气储罐内的蒸发气通过气体流入管线进入到低温液化槽中，低温制冷机的冷头与低温蒸发气换热器连接在一起，并置于低温液化槽中，与来自储罐的蒸发气换热，通过低温制冷机的冷头提供的冷量，蒸发气冷凝再液化，之后依靠自身重力作用通过液体流出管线回流到液化天然气储罐中。此结构的橇装式天然气再液化装置结构简单、便于安装、附属设备少、运营及维护成本低，能够及时回收液化蒸发气，避免了不必要的浪费并且消除了安全隐患。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的橇装式天然气再液化装置一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
其中，图1中的附图标记如下：
安全阀1；气体流入管线2；低温制冷机3；低温蒸发气换热器4；低温液化槽5；液体流出管线6；冷头7；橇座8；支撑框架9。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种橇装式天然气再液化装置，该橇装式天然气再液化装置结构简单，便于安装，能够及时回收液化蒸发气，避免了不必要的浪费并且消除了安全隐患。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1，图1为本发明所提供的橇装式天然气再液化装置一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
在一种具体的实施方式中，本发明提供了一种橇装式天然气再液化装置，包括低温液化槽5、低温制冷机3和低温蒸发气换热器4，所述低温液化槽5具有气体流入管线2和液体流出管线6，所述气体流入管线2具有安全阀1；所述低温制冷机2的冷头7与所述低温蒸发气换热器4相连，所述低温蒸发气换热器4位于所述低温液化槽5内。
中小型液化天然气储罐的蒸发气再液化橇装装置由支撑框架9及橇座8支撑位于液化天然气储罐的顶部，便于蒸发气的引出和再液化之后的液体回流。
当储罐内蒸发气压力达到安全阀1设定的起跳压力时，安全阀1开启，液化气储罐内的蒸发气通过气体流入管线2进入到低温液化槽5中，低温制冷机3的冷头7与低温蒸发气换热器4连接在一起，并置于低温液化槽5中，与来自储罐的蒸发气换热，通过低温制冷机3的冷头7提供的冷量，蒸发气冷凝再液化，之后依靠自身重力作用通过液体流出管线6回流到液化天然气储罐中。
此结构的橇装式天然气再液化装置结构简单、便于安装、附属设备少、运营及维护成本低，能够及时回收液化蒸发气，避免了不必要的浪费并且消除了安全隐患。能够在运输及储存装置中起到辅助制冷的作用，是一种有效的冷量补充回收蒸发气的手段。处理好蒸发气对提高能源利用率，保护环境，节约能源，实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。
具体的，低温液化槽5的底部呈坡度状，液体流出管线6的连通口位于所述底部的低端，低温液化槽5可以为奥氏体不锈钢的低温液化槽5，其底部的斜坡便于再液化后的液体流入液体流出管线6。
更具体的，低温制冷机3可以为斯特林制冷机，其工作过程由两个等温过程和两个等容过程组成，斯特林制冷机结构紧凑、工作温度范围宽、起动快、效率高、操作简便。
进一步的，低温蒸发气换热器4可以为肋片式，肋片式换热器结构紧凑、高效、轻巧、传热效率高，肋片材质可以选择导热率较高的紫铜。
上述各具体实施方式中，气体流入管线2实际上为储罐的蒸发气引出管线，液体流出管线6实际上为储罐的液体回流管线。
以上所述仅是发明的优选实施方式的描述，应当指出，由于文字表达的有限性，而在客观上存在无限的具体结构，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种橇装式天然气再液化装置，其特征在于，包括低温液化槽(5)、低温制冷机(3)和低温蒸发气换热器(4)，所述低温液化槽(5)具有气体流入管线(2)和液体流出管线(6)，所述气体流入管线(2)具有安全阀(1)；所述低温制冷机(2)的冷头(7)与所述低温蒸发气换热器(4)相连，所述低温蒸发气换热器(4)位于所述低温液化槽(5)内。
2.如权利要求1所述的橇装式天然气再液化装置，其特征在于，所述低温液化槽(5)的底部呈坡度状，所述液体流出管线(6)的连通口位于所述底部的低端。
3.如权利要求2所述的橇装式天然气再液化装置，其特征在于，所述低温制冷机(3)为斯特林制冷机，其工作过程由两个等温过程和两个等容过程组成。
4.如权利要求3所述的橇装式天然气再液化装置，其特征在于，低温蒸发气换热器(4)为肋片式。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的橇装式天然气再液化装置，其特征在于，所述橇装式天然气再液化装置位于液化天然气储罐顶部的橇座(8)上，所述气体流入管线(2)和所述液体流出管线(6)均与所述液化天然气储罐相连。
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