CN108223325B - 流体静力的轴向柱塞机 - Google Patents

流体静力的轴向柱塞机 Download PDF

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CN108223325B
CN108223325B CN201711289888.5A CN201711289888A CN108223325B CN 108223325 B CN108223325 B CN 108223325B CN 201711289888 A CN201711289888 A CN 201711289888A CN 108223325 B CN108223325 B CN 108223325B
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A.阿珀格
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
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    • F04B1/30Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks
    • F04B1/32Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • F04B1/324Control of machines or pumps with rotary cylinder blocks by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the swash plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F03C1/0636Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03CPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C1/00Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
    • F03C1/02Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F03C1/06Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
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    • F04B1/122Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
    • F04B1/124Pistons
    • F04B1/126Piston shoe retaining means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2035Cylinder barrels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
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    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
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    • F04B1/2042Valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
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    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2078Swash plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
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Abstract

公开了一种流体静力的轴向柱塞机,在该流体静力的轴向柱塞机的壳体中斜向于驱动轴构造了调节压力缸,套筒结构的调节阀被装入到所述调节压力缸中。为了能够使调节活塞朝所述调节阀的方向进行最大的运动,所述套筒构造为缩短的结构。为此,调节压力接头与调节压力通道完全布置在所述套筒的内部,其中所述调节压力接头布置在高压接头与低压接头之间。

Description

流体静力的轴向柱塞机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照专利权利要求1的前序部分所述的轴向柱塞机。
背景技术
在本申请人的2015年4月的文献RD98714中公开了一种流体静力的轴向柱塞马达,该轴向柱塞马达用作通风装置马达。由于其可回转性(Durchschwenkbarkeit),在压力介质的流动方向保持相同时,能够实现所述通风装置马达的从动轴的转动方向的掉转以及由此所述通风装置叶轮的转动方向的掉转。这用于将污物从所述通风装置中吹出。所述通风装置马达拥有回转角(Schwenkwinkel)的电比例(EP)的调节机构以及由此所述从动轴的转速的电比例的调节机构。调节阀和所配属的起重磁体相对于所述壳体的纵轴线或者相对于所述通风装置马达的从动轴比如以90度来布置。
此外,知道具有能够回转的斜盘并且具有电比例(EP)的调节机构的轴向柱塞机,对于所述轴向柱塞机来说相对于所述壳体的纵轴线或者相对于所述驱动轴将以套筒构造方式(Patronenbauweise)的调节阀调节了30度以下的角度。所述套筒以所提到的角度斜着被旋入到所述壳体中并且通过在所述壳体中构造的通道来控制对于调节压力室的供给并且由此控制被耦联到所述斜盘上的调节活塞的位置。因为所述套筒被旋入到所述调节缸中,所以所述调节缸和所述调节压力室在空间上与所述套筒成列地布置,使得所述套筒限制所述调节活塞的朝相关的回转方向的运动。因此,这样的轴向柱塞机不能从+100%回转到-100%。
发明内容
相对于此,本发明的任务在于,提供一种斜盘构造方式的、以电比例的方式调节的、能够回转的轴向柱塞机,该轴向柱塞机的回转范围得到了扩展,该轴向柱塞机尤其能够从+100%回转到-100%。
该任务通过一种具有专利权利要求1的特征的轴向柱塞机得到解决。
本发明的另外的有利的设计方案在从属的专利权利要求中得到了描述。
需要的流体静力的轴向柱塞机拥有斜盘,能够在调节缸中移动的调节活塞被耦联到所述斜盘上,由此能够调节所述斜盘的斜度。相对于驱动轴或者相对于壳体轴线以小于45度调节所述调节缸。布置在所述调节缸中的调节压力室在与所述调节活塞对置的一侧上被调节阀的装入到所述调节缸中的套筒所限制。在一方面高压接头或者泵压接头与另一方面低压接头或者所述调节阀的罐接头之间布置了所述调节阀的调节压力接头。调节压力通道从这个调节压力接头向所述调节压力室延伸。按照本发明,所述调节压力通道在此直接从所述调节压力接头向所述调节压力室延伸。为此,整条调节压力通道布置在所述套筒的内部。由此能够取消所述套筒中的用于调节压力通道的轴向钻孔并且节省了所述套筒的轴向的结构长度。通过所述缩短的套筒,所述调节活塞能够进一步移入到所述调节缸中,由此所述斜盘的朝这个相关的方向的回转角得到了扩大,尤其是一直扩大到-100%。此外,取消所述轴向柱塞机的壳体中的调节压力通道的通道钻孔,由此节省了制造开销和成本。
特别优选的是,用电的起重磁体来操纵所述调节阀并且所述轴向柱塞机以电比例的方式来调节。在马达的情况下也以电比例的方式来调节所述从动轴的转速。
优选所述低压接头布置在所述套筒的、与所述调节压力室相邻的区域的里面或者近旁,而所述高压接头则布置在所述套筒的、与所述起重磁体相邻的区域的里面或者近旁。
在制造技术上容易的是,所述调节压力通道构造为所述调节阀的阀活塞中的纵向钻孔,其中所述阀活塞一直延伸向所述调节压力室。
在制造技术上并且在安装技术上容易的是,所述套筒和/或所述调节缸和/或所述调节压力接头和/或所述高压接头和/或所述低压接头和/或所述阀活塞和/或所述纵向钻孔与中轴线同中心。所述调节活塞能够如此构造,从而尤其在调节活塞与斜盘之间设置球窝关节时能够相对于所述调节缸进行轻微的倾斜。
如果在所述调节活塞的内部空间(调节活塞钻孔)中至少部分地布置了被夹紧在所述调节活塞与所述阀活塞的端部区段之间的回授弹簧(Rückkopplungsfeder),则节省了结构长度并且由此在设计上使直至-100%的可回转性变得容易。
优选所述回授弹簧也与所述中轴线同中心。
优选所述回授弹簧至少在松驰状态中比所述调节活塞的内部空间长。由此装配得到了简化。
所述阀活塞的端部区段和被夹紧在所述阀活塞的端部区段与所述回授弹簧之间的弹簧座圈至少能够相应地部分地导入到所述调节活塞的内部空间中。尤其所述阀活塞的端部区段和所述弹簧座圈能够以-100%的回转角布置在所述调节活塞的内部空间中。
优选所述弹簧座圈也与所述中轴线同中心。
为了节省另外的轴向的结构长度并且为了在设计上使直至-100%的可回转性变得容易,所述弹簧座圈能够如此构造,使得所述回授弹簧在外面搭接所述阀活塞的端部区段。
为了提高所述回授弹簧的弯曲安全度,所述弹簧座圈和所述阀活塞的端部区段彼此具有圆柱状的贴靠区段。
为了将所述弹簧座圈简化地安装在所述阀活塞的端部区段上,所述弹簧座圈在其指向所述阀活塞的端面上优选具有内部的斜边。
为了使所述弹簧座圈定心,能够在所述套筒的朝向弹簧座圈的端面上设置内部的凸缘。这一点尤其有利的是,如果为了调节所述调节阀而取出所述阀活塞。
优选所述接头是环形室。更准确地说,所述调节压力接头是调节压力-环形室,并且/或者所述高压接头是高压-环形室,并且/或者所述低压接头是低压-环形室。所述高压-环形室和所述低压-环形室布置在所述套筒的外圆周上,并且/或者所述调节压力-环形室由所述阀活塞的颈部构成。
如果所述调节压力接头通过节流机构与所述调节压力室相连接,那就防止所述纵向钻孔短时间地以太多压力介质贯穿流过。由此防止反冲效应以及突然的穿过零位的回转,这尤其在使用作为能够回转的马达时是重要的(电缆断裂、误操作)。优选所述节流机构构造为径向钻孔,所述径向钻孔将所述颈部与所述纵向钻孔连接起来。
在一种特别优选的应用情况中,所述按本发明的轴向柱塞机是通风装置马达。在此,以电比例的方式来调节所述从动轴的转速。由于从+100%到-100%的可调节性,能够以完全的转速或者功率来将所述通风装置吹净。
附图说明
按本发明的轴向柱塞机的一种实施例在附图中示出。现在借助于这些附图的图样对本发明进一步解释。
图1以纵剖面示出了按照所述实施例的按本发明的轴向柱塞机,并且
图2以放大图示出了来自图1的轴向柱塞机的截取部分。
具体实施方式
图1以纵剖面示出了按本发明的轴向柱塞机连同其壳体1,驱动轴2在所述壳体中得到了支承,缸滚筒4抗扭转地布置在所述驱动轴的外圆周上。在所述缸滚筒4中在圆周上分布的活塞6在相应的缸8中在轴向上得到了导引。在所述活塞6的、从所述缸8中伸出的端部区段上构造了活塞脚,活塞座(Kolbenschuhe)10能够回转地被安置在所述活塞脚上,所述活塞座在相对于所述驱动轴2斜置的斜盘12上滑动地得到了导引。
在所述缸滚筒4运行时,所述缸活塞6根据所述斜盘12的倾斜位置从所述缸8中运动出来并且又运动到其里面。由此,比如在轴向柱塞机的情况下能够调节每次旋转的排送容量(Schluckvolumen)并且由此调节用作从动轴的驱动轴2的转速。为了调节所述斜盘12的倾斜位置,在一侧上一个在调节缸14中得到导引的调节活塞16通过球窝关节18来耦联到所述斜盘上。
按照本发明,所述斜盘12能够完全从+100%回转到-100%。图1示出了所述斜盘12的-100%位置,对于该位置来说所述调节活塞16最大(大幅度地)移入到所述调节缸14中。为了能够实现这一点,一个同样被旋入到所述调节缸14中的调节阀20构造为在其结构长度方面缩短地构造。
图2以放大图示出了所述按本发明的轴向柱塞机的截取部分。在此示出了所述调节缸14连同在其中得到导引的调节活塞16,在图2中同样示出了所述调节活塞在其最大被拉回的位置中的情况,由此实现了-100%的回转角。在此,所述调节活塞16由于其在所述调节缸14中的轻微的倾斜位置而没有全面地贴靠在所述调节阀20的、被旋入到所述调节缸14中的套筒22的端面上。
在图2所示出的位置中,调节压力室24被减小到所述调节活塞16的内部空间,在所述内部空间中也容纳了调节弹簧或者回授弹簧26以及弹簧座圈28。所述弹簧座圈28构造为帽状,其中所述回授弹簧26部分地在其外圆周上延伸并且在那里被支撑在边缘上。在所述弹簧座圈28的内圆周上,与阀活塞30的伸入到所述调节压力室24中的端部区段一起构成圆柱状的贴靠区段32。这用于减少所述装置的结构空间并且用于所述弹簧座圈28的相对于阀活塞30的轴稳定性以及所述回授弹簧26的相对于所述两个部件28、30的轴稳定性。
一方面,所述斜盘12通过所述调节活塞16、所述回授弹簧26和所述弹簧座圈28将取决于距离的回授力(Rückkopplungskraft)施加到所述调节阀20的阀活塞30上。另一方面,起重磁体34作用在所述阀活塞30上,所述起重磁体要么能够朝第一(在图2中向左)指向的方向将所述阀活塞30从其在图2中示出的当中的闭合的位置中移出来,沿着所述第一指向的方向将罐接头或者低压接头36与所述调节压力室24连接起来,要么所述起重磁体34能够使所述阀活塞30朝相反的(在图2中向右指向的)方向运动出来,沿着所述相反的方向将高压接头38与所述调节压力室24连接起来。所述两个接头36、38构造为所述套筒22的外圆周上的环形的槽并且具有相应的径向的、比如星形的通道。
调节压力接头40由所述阀活塞30的颈部构成,所述颈部被两道环绕的控制边缘所限制,其中所述其中一道控制边缘与所述低压接头36的径向的通道共同作用,而所述另一道控制边缘则与所述高压接头38的径向的通道共同作用。
在所述构成调节压力接头40的颈部中,在径向上布置了较窄的通道,该通道形成节流机构42。所述节流机构42通过在所述阀活塞30的内部作为同中心的纵向钻孔构造的调节压力通道44与所述调节压力室24相连接。由此,所述调节压力接头40与所述调节压力室24的连接在最短的距离上通过所述节流机构42和所述调节压力通道44布置在所述套筒22的内部,更准确地说布置在所述阀活塞30的内部。
因为所述调节压力接头40几乎不需要轴向的长度,所以所述按本发明的套筒22较短并且因此仅仅如此朝所述斜盘12的方向延伸,使得所述调节活塞16在其在图2中所示出的接触位置中能够实现所述斜盘12的-100%的回转角。
在图2中示出的装置的装配过程通过以下方式变得容易:所述回授弹簧26在松驰状态中比所述调节活塞16的内部空间长。
在所述弹簧座圈28的内圆周上构成了斜边46,该斜边使所述阀活塞30的端部区段导入到所述弹簧座圈26中变得容易。
在所述套筒22的朝向调节活塞16的端面上,相对于所述阀活塞30的紧挨着的附近构造了内部的凸缘48,通过该内部的凸缘所述弹簧座圈28能够由于其斜边46而定心。
公开了一种流体静力的轴向柱塞机,在该轴向柱塞机的壳体中在斜向所述驱动轴的情况下构造了调节压力缸,以套筒构造方式的调节阀被装入到所述调节压力缸中。为了能够使调节活塞朝所述调节阀的方向进行最大的运动,所述套筒构造为缩短的结构。为此,调节压力接头和调节压力通道完全布置在所述套筒的内部,调节压力接头布置在高压接头与低压接头之间。
附图标记列表
1 壳体
2 驱动轴
4 缸滚筒
6 活塞
8 缸
10 活塞座
12 斜盘
14 调节缸
16 调节活塞
18 球窝关节
20 调节阀
22 套筒
24 调节压力室
26 回授弹簧
28 弹簧座圈
30 阀活塞
32 圆柱状的贴靠区段
34 起重磁体
36 低压接头
38 高压接头
40 调节压力接头
42 节流机构
44 调节压力通道/纵向钻孔
46 斜边
48 内部的凸缘

Claims (13)

1.具有斜盘(12)的流体静力的轴向柱塞机,调节活塞(16)被耦联到所述斜盘上,所述调节活塞能够在调节缸(14)中移动,由此能够调节所述斜盘(12)的斜度,其中布置在所述调节缸(14)中的调节压力室(24)被调节阀(20)的、装入到所述调节缸(14)中的套筒(22)所限制,并且其中所述调节阀(20)的调节压力接头(40)布置在所述调节阀(20)的高压接头(38)与低压接头(36)之间,并且其中设置了调节压力通道(44),该调节压力通道从所述调节压力接头(40)向所述调节压力室(24)延伸,其特征在于,所述调节压力通道(44)布置在所述套筒(22)的内部,调节压力接头(40)由阀活塞(30)的颈部构成,所述颈部被两道环绕的控制边缘所限制,其中所述其中一道控制边缘与所述低压接头(36)的径向的通道共同作用,而所述另一道控制边缘则与所述高压接头(38)的径向的通道共同作用。
2.按权利要求1所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述低压接头(36)布置在所述套筒(22)的与调节压力室(24)相邻的区域的里面或者近旁,而所述高压接头(38)则布置在所述套筒(22)的与起重磁体(34)相邻的区域的里面或者近旁。
3.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述调节压力通道(44)构造为所述调节阀(20)的阀活塞(30)中的纵向钻孔(44)。
4.按权利要求3所述的轴向柱塞机,其中在所述调节活塞(16)的内部空间(24)中至少部分地布置在被夹紧在所述调节活塞(16)与所述阀活塞(30)的端部区段之间的回授弹簧(26)。
5.按权利要求4所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述回授弹簧(26)至少在松驰的状态中比所述调节活塞(16)的内部空间长。
6.按权利要求4或5所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述阀活塞(30)的端部区段和被夹紧在所述阀活塞(30)的端部区段与所述回授弹簧(26)之间的弹簧座圈(28)至少部分地能够导入到所述调节活塞(16)的内部空间中。
7.按权利要求6所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述弹簧座圈(28)如此构造,使得所述回授弹簧(26)在外面搭接所述阀活塞(30)的端部区段。
8.按权利要求6所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述弹簧座圈(28)和所述阀活塞(30)的端部区段彼此具有圆柱状的贴靠区段(32)。
9.按权利要求6所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述弹簧座圈(28)在其指向所述阀活塞(30)的一侧上具有内部的斜边(46)。
10.按权利要求6所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述套筒(22)的朝向弹簧座圈(28)的端面具有内部的凸缘(48)。
11.按权利要求3所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述调节压力接头(40)是调节压力-环形室,并且/或者其中所述高压接头(38)是高压-环形室,并且/或者其中所述低压接头(36)是低压-环形室,其中所述高压-环形室和所述低压-环形室布置在所述套筒(22)的外圆周上,并且/或者其中所述调节压力-环形室由所述阀活塞(30)的颈部构成。
12.按权利要求11所述的轴向柱塞机,其中所述颈部通过节流机构(42)与所述纵向钻孔(44)相连接。
13.按权利要求1或2所述的轴向柱塞机,该轴向柱塞机是通风装置马达。
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