CN108220843B - Grading homogenization process of 6005A aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Grading homogenization process of 6005A aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a graded homogenization process suitable for 6005A aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that after primary and secondary homogenization heat treatment is sequentially carried out on the 6005A aluminum alloy, the 6005A aluminum alloy is subjected to secondary homogenization heat treatmentThe method comprises the following steps of 1, uniformly heating an aluminum alloy cast rod to 550 ℃ along with a furnace at a heating rate of 70-100 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3-6h, 2, continuously heating the aluminum alloy cast rod subjected to primary homogenization heat treatment to 575 ℃ and 585 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-5h, 3, firstly, carrying out air cooling, taking the aluminum alloy cast rod out of the homogenization furnace, carrying out air cooling for 10-20min, then, carrying out air cooling, pushing the aluminum alloy cast rod subjected to air cooling into a cooling furnace, carrying out air cooling for 1-2h, finally, carrying out water cooling, cooling the aluminum alloy cast rod subjected to air cooling to room temperature in a water cooling mode, eliminating coarse crystalline phase, reducing or eliminating harmful β (AlFeSi) phase, promoting high melting point to inhibit fine uniform precipitation of recrystallized phase, and avoiding coarse Mg in a cooling stage2Si phase is precipitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a graded homogenization process of aluminum alloy, in particular to a graded homogenization process of 6005A aluminum alloy.
Background
6005A alloy belongs to heat treatment strengtheneable type aluminum alloy, apply to the rail transit field extensively, in order to improve the security, stability of the rail transit car body, lengthen its life time, the trade is to the requirement of the material performance is higher and higher, 6005A car body material need meet basic intensity, plasticity index, also need further to improve toughness, fatigue property, corrosion resistance, etc. the performance, homogenize as the first step of heat treatment of aluminum alloy material, seem to be the foundation and important in particular, 6005A alloy is apt to form more nonequilibrium eutectic phase and thick brittle β (AlFeSi) phase in the casting process, the heterogeneity of composition and structure is stronger, therefore need to carry on the homogenization before the hot extrusion, for the production of the special product, still need more meticulous homogenization treatment process.
The common homogenization processes in practical production of 6005A alloy include primary homogenization, secondary homogenization, high-temperature homogenization and the like, can meet the requirements that the structure is not over-sintered, and the chemical components and the microstructure are basically uniform on the premise of high efficiency and low cost, but are difficult to eliminate coarse crystalline phases and reduce or eliminate harmful β (AlFeSi) phases, the coarse hard needle β (AlFeSi) phase easily causes stress concentration to obviously deteriorate the toughness and fatigue performance of the section, the high melting point is promoted to inhibit fine uniform precipitation of recrystallization phases, and coarse Mg in the cooling stage is avoided2Si phase precipitation, coarse Mg reduction in the homogenization cooling stage2The precipitation of the Si phase can effectively reduce the loss of effective main alloy elements and is beneficial to fully exerting the performance of the alloy.
In addition, the microstructure of the section can be obviously refined by inhibiting recrystallization phases such as CrAl7 and the like, and the strength, the plasticity and the toughness are favorably improved; in a general homogenization process, the defect of a surface oxidation layer of the aluminum alloy is easily caused, and the depth of the oxidation defect layer directly influences the quality performance of the aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a graded homogenization process suitable for 6005A aluminum alloy.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a hierarchical homogenization technology suitable for 6005A aluminum alloy, carries out one-level, second grade homogenization thermal treatment to 6005A aluminum alloy in proper order after, carries out tertiary cooling to it again, and the concrete step is as follows:
step 1, primary homogenization heat treatment: uniformly heating the aluminum alloy cast rod along with the furnace to 540-;
and step 3: three-stage step cooling: firstly, air cooling, namely taking out an aluminum alloy cast rod from a homogenizing furnace, and air cooling for 10-20 min; then, air cooling, namely pushing the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod into a cooling furnace, and air cooling for 1-2 h; and finally, cooling by water, namely cooling the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the step 1, the reasonable heating rate can ensure that the aluminum alloy cast rod is not deformed and cracked;
(2) in the step 1, heating to a reasonable temperature and preserving heat for a reasonable time to gradually eliminate a dendritic crystal network, wherein alloy elements are basically in a uniformly distributed state;
(3) in the step 2, secondary homogenization heat treatment can reduce or even eliminate a harmful β (AlFeSi) phase and simultaneously precipitate a dispersed phase with the function of inhibiting recrystallization;
(4) in the step 3, three-stage step cooling is carried out, wherein air cooling can primarily release thermal stress, air cooling can further release thermal stress, high-melting-point dispersed phases are properly precipitated, and water cooling can prevent a large amount of coarse Mg from being precipitated in a sensitive temperature (280 plus 400 ℃)2Si phase to reduce loss of effective alloying elements;
(5) the reasonable control of the temperature, the heating rate and the heat preservation time in the step 1 and the step 2 can ensure that the depth of the oxidation defect layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy is smaller.
Further, in step 1, firstly, placing the aluminum alloy cast rod into a homogenizing furnace, specifically as follows: the aluminum alloy cast rods are stacked in the middle of the homogenizing furnace layer by layer, the layers are separated by iron parting strips, and the rods on the same layer are equidistantly spaced by 20-100mm, so that the temperature of the cast rods is uniformly increased.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the air circulation is convenient, and the aluminum alloy cast rod can be uniformly heated.
Further, the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 300-600 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the morphology and distribution of the second phase before homogenization treatment of the aluminum alloy cast rod in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the morphology and distribution of the second phase after the homogenization process for the aluminum alloy cast rod in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a second phase content decay curve after the homogenization process for the aluminum alloy cast bar in example 1.
FIG. 5 shows the morphology and distribution of the dispersed phases after the homogenization process for the aluminum alloy cast rod in example 1.
Fig. 6 is an image of the edge oxide layer after the homogenization process of the aluminum alloy cast rod in example 1.
FIG. 7 shows the metallographic structure of the cast aluminum alloy rod after being subjected to the homogenization treatment in example 1.
FIG. 8 shows the morphology and distribution of the second phase after the homogenization process for the aluminum alloy cast rod in example 2.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-7, a classification homogenization process for 6005A aluminum alloy sequentially performs primary and secondary homogenization heat treatments on the 6005A aluminum alloy, and then performs tertiary cooling on the 6005A aluminum alloy, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, primary homogenization heat treatment: firstly, putting an aluminum alloy cast rod into a homogenizing furnace, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps: aluminum alloy cast rods with the diameter of 510mm are stacked in the middle of the homogenizing furnace layer by layer, the layers are separated by iron parting strips, the rods on the same layer are spaced at equal intervals of 20mm, the temperature of the cast rods is uniformly increased to 550 ℃, the heating rate is 70 ℃/h, and the heat is preserved for 5 h;
and step 3: three-stage step cooling: firstly, air cooling, taking out an aluminum alloy cast rod from a homogenizing furnace, and air cooling for 15 min; then, air cooling, namely pushing the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod into a cooling furnace, and air cooling for 1.5 h; and finally, cooling by water, namely cooling the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode.
The morphology and the distribution state of a second phase before the homogenization treatment of the 6005A aluminum alloy cast rod with the diameter of 510mm are shown in FIG. 2;
the morphology and the distribution of the second phase of the 6005A aluminum alloy cast rod treated by the process are shown in figure 3;
as can be seen by comparison, the coarse nonequilibrium eutectic phase in the as-cast structure is substantially melted into the matrix by the process treatment, and the area percentage of the residual phase is gradually reduced to the equilibrium state, as shown in FIG. 4;
in addition, a large amount of fine and dispersed CrAl7 phase with recrystallization inhibition function is precipitated from the matrix, as shown in figure 5, which is beneficial to refining crystal grains and improving the performance of the section.
After the treatment of the grading homogenization process, the oxide layer at the edge of the 6005A aluminum alloy cast rod with the diameter of 510mm is shown in FIG. 6, the depth of the oxidation defect layer is less than 1mm, and the oxidation influence on the aluminum alloy cast rod is small;
after the treatment of the grading homogenization process, the metallographic structure of the 6005A aluminum alloy cast rod with the diameter of 510mm is shown in FIG. 7, the grain size is about 88 μm, and no obvious coarsening appears after homogenization.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 8, after primary and secondary homogenization heat treatments are sequentially performed on the 6005A aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is subjected to tertiary cooling, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, primary homogenization heat treatment: firstly, putting an aluminum alloy cast rod into a homogenizing furnace, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps: aluminum alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm are stacked in the middle of the homogenizing furnace in a layered mode, the aluminum alloy cast rods are separated by iron parting strips between layers, the rods on the same layer are spaced at equal intervals of 60mm, the temperature of the cast rods is uniformly increased to 540-550 ℃, the heating rate is 100 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept for 3 h;
and step 3: three-stage step cooling: firstly, air cooling, namely taking out an aluminum alloy cast rod from a homogenizing furnace, and air cooling for 10 min; then, air cooling, namely pushing the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod into a cooling furnace, and air cooling for 1 h; and finally, cooling by water, namely cooling the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: after the 6005A aluminum alloy is sequentially subjected to primary and secondary homogenization heat treatment, the aluminum alloy is subjected to tertiary cooling, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, primary homogenization heat treatment: firstly, putting an aluminum alloy cast rod into a homogenizing furnace, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps: aluminum alloy cast rods with the diameter of 600mm are stacked in the middle of the homogenizing furnace layer by layer, the layers are separated by iron parting strips, the rods on the same layer are spaced at equal intervals of 100mm, the temperature of the cast rods is uniformly increased to 540-550 ℃, the heating rate is 85 ℃/h, and the heat is preserved for 6 h;
and step 3: three-stage step cooling: firstly, air cooling, namely taking out an aluminum alloy cast rod from a homogenizing furnace, and air cooling for 20 min; then, air cooling, namely pushing the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod into a cooling furnace, and air cooling for 2 hours; and finally, cooling by water, namely cooling the air-cooled aluminum alloy cast rod to room temperature by adopting a water cooling mode.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a hierarchical homogenization technology suitable for 6005A aluminum alloy which characterized in that, carries out one-level, second grade homogenization thermal treatment to 6005A aluminum alloy in proper order after, carries out tertiary cooling to it again, and the concrete step is as follows:
step 1, primary homogenization heat treatment: uniformly heating the aluminum alloy cast rod along with the furnace to 540-; the diameter of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 300-600 mm;
step 2, secondary homogenization heat treatment: continuously heating the aluminum alloy cast rod subjected to the primary homogenization heat treatment to 575 DEG and 585 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 2-5 h;
and step 3: three-stage step cooling: firstly, air cooling, namely taking the aluminum alloy cast rod out of the homogenizing furnace, and air cooling for 10-20min to preliminarily release thermal stress; then, air cooling is carried out, the aluminum alloy cast rod after air cooling is pushed into a cooling furnace, and air cooling is carried out for 1-2 hours, so that thermal stress can be further released, and high-melting-point dispersed phases are properly precipitated; finally, water cooling is carried out, the aluminum alloy cast rod after air cooling is cooled to room temperature in a water cooling mode, and a large amount of coarse Mg can be prevented from being separated out at the sensitive temperature of 280-400 DEG C2Si phase to reduce the loss of effective alloying elements.
2. The graded homogenizing process suitable for the 6005A aluminium alloy of claim 1, wherein in step 1, an aluminium alloy cast rod is first placed into the homogenizing furnace as follows: the aluminum alloy cast rods are stacked in the middle of the homogenizing furnace layer by layer, the layers are separated by iron parting strips, and the rods on the same layer are equidistantly spaced by 20-100mm, so that the temperature of the cast rods is uniformly increased.
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| CN110578106A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-17 | 亚太轻合金(南通)科技有限公司 | Grading homogenization method for wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy |
| CN110724859B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-04-20 | 苏州大学 | Homogenized 6-series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110983214A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-10 | 湖南恒佳新材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy plate processing homogenization process |
| CN113201703B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-07-08 | 龙口市丛林铝材有限公司 | Aluminum alloy ingot casting homogenizing annealing stepped cooling process |
| CN114774814A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-22 | 云南云铝泽鑫铝业有限公司 | 6-series aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy bar homogenizing heat treatment process |
| CN115838907B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2024-09-10 | 深圳市华加日西林实业有限公司 | Homogenization heat treatment method for improving extrusion property of 6061 aluminum alloy and casting rod thereof |
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| CN102051562A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-11 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Process for homogenizing aluminum alloy |
| CN102168213B (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2013-06-05 | 浙江乐祥铝业有限公司 | High-formability and high-strength aluminum alloy material as well as preparation method and application of the high-formability and high-strength aluminum alloy material |
| CN102492877B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-06-19 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Extruding processing technology of aluminium alloy tubing with large diameter |
| CN102505086B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2014-04-23 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy profiles for side walls of rail transit vehicles |
| CN102489974B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2014-07-30 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy section for top plate of rail transit vehicle body |
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| CN104711499B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2017-04-19 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Multi-stage homogenization heat treatment method for Zn-containing 6XXX series aluminum alloy |
| CN104018036B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-03-09 | 龙口市丛林铝材有限公司 | A kind of automobile component aluminium section bar and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105543742B (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-02-22 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment technique of thick-wall aluminum alloy hollow extruded section |
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| CN106636804B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-10-12 | 上海友升铝业有限公司 | A kind of preparation process promoting 6005A aluminium alloy elongation percentage |
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