CN108218438A - 一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料 - Google Patents

一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料 Download PDF

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CN108218438A
CN108218438A CN201611161843.5A CN201611161843A CN108218438A CN 108218438 A CN108218438 A CN 108218438A CN 201611161843 A CN201611161843 A CN 201611161843A CN 108218438 A CN108218438 A CN 108218438A
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马娜
门薇薇
孙世宁
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AVIC Research Institute Special Structures Aeronautical Composites
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种透波复合材料,特别涉及一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料。所述的材料包括七层,所述的材料包括Si3N4、Al2O3、Y2O3、造孔剂和分散剂,对应比例为1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5;从上至下第一、三、五、七层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.03‑0.08,x2=0.02‑0.04,x3=0.06‑0.1,x4=0.01‑0.03,x5=5‑13;从上至下第二、四、六层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.01‑0.05,x2=0.03‑0.08,x3=0.1‑0.5,x4=0.04‑0.08,x5=13‑20。本发明提供一种七层氮化硅多层结构,可通过调节介电常数实现在18~40GHz的高频段、宽频带透波特性。本发明用于新一代高超音速空空、空地、地空反辐射导弹天线罩及其它耐高温次承力部件,具有一定的军事效益和经济效益。

Description

一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种透波复合材料,特别涉及一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料。
背景技术
随着现代战争的需要以及航空航天技术的发展,高超声速飞行器的马赫数越来越高。目前各类高超声速飞行器的飞行速度多在4Ma以上,再入速度已达到8~12Ma甚至更高,对得电磁窗口提出了耐高温的要求。与此同时,随着现代反辐射导弹导引头技术的不断发展,导引头可以工作在很宽的频段范围内,无论是敌方的警戒雷达(频率较低)还是导弹制导、炮瞄雷达(频率较高)均处于攻击范围内,覆盖雷达工作频率0.1~40GHz。为了保证在恶劣环境条件下通讯、遥测、制导、引爆等系统的正常工作,发展耐高温、宽频带透波材料是目前发展的必然趋势。
有机树脂基透波复合材料只能在500℃短期使用;陶瓷基复合材料避免了陶瓷的脆性,但制备工艺技术不成熟离型号应用仍有较长的差距;氮化物类无机陶瓷类透波材料具有介电常数可调节、力学性能优异的特点,且可通过多层复合技术实现宽频技术指标要求。
Boeing公司研制了一种双层结构以氮化硅、钡铝硅酸盐为组分的天线罩材料,芯层和蒙皮的介电性能、弹性模量、热膨胀等性能在500℃下基本保持不变,但仅能在较窄频带内实现透波性能。美国和以色列制备了A型夹层的Si3N4陶瓷天线罩,外层为相对致密的Si3N4,而内层为多孔的Si3N4,未见宽频透波性能方面的报道。美国制备5层的SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2陶瓷天线罩。在6~18GHz宽频范围内0°入射角的透波率为80%~95%,60°入射角的透波率为42%~97%,未见其他频带性能报道。
目前所制备的氮化硅多层结构最多仅为5层,只能在某一特定频带内透波,未见氮化硅7层结构制备方法的相关报道。另外,在材料上往往是氮化硅材料与其他低温材料组合实现多层结构,未见纯氮化硅多层结构的报道
发明内容
本发明的目的:提供一种宽频带的透波材料。
本发明的技术方案:一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述的材料包括七层,所述的材料包括Si3N4、Al2O3、Y2O3、造孔剂和分散剂,对应比例为1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5
从上至下第一、三、五、七层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.03-0.08,x2=0.02-0.04,x3=0.06-0.1,x4=0.01-0.03,x5=5-13;
从上至下第二、四、六层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.01-0.05,x2=0.03-0.08,x3=0.1-0.5,x4=0.04-0.08,x5=13-20。
优选地,所述材料每一层通过多层氮化硅薄膜叠加而成。
优选地,所述的氮化硅薄膜通过流延成型制备而成。
优选地,通过以下方法进行流延成型:
步骤一,将浆料材料Si3N4粉体、Al2O3粉体、Y2O3粉体、造孔剂、分散剂混合为物料,将物料在200~500r/min转速下球磨24~48小时后制得浆料;
步骤二,将浆料真空除泡后在玻璃基板上流延成型,流延过程中刮刀速度为5~30cm/min;将流延成型的浆料在真空20-80℃条件下进行干燥成型。
优选地,第一、三、五、七层材料配比为x1=0.05,x2=0.03,x3=0.1,x4=0.02,x5=10;
第二、四、六层材料配比为x1=0.02,x2=0.05,x3=0.5,x4=0.05,x5=15。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供一种七层氮化硅多层结构,可通过调节介电常数实现在18~40GHz的高频段、宽频带透波特性。本发明用于新一代高超音速空空、空地、地空反辐射导弹天线罩及其它耐高温次承力部件,具有一定的军事效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角-45°);
图2为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角-30°);
图3为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角-15°);
图4为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角0°);
图5为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角15°);
图6为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角30°);
图7为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角45°)。
具体实施方式
具体提供一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将浆料材料Si3N4粉体、Al2O3粉体、Y2O3粉体、造孔剂、分散剂按照1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5对应比例混合为物料,将物料在200~500r/min转速下球磨24~48小时后制得浆料;
步骤二,将浆料真空除泡后在玻璃基板上流延成型,流延过程中刮刀速度为5~30cm/min;将流延成型的浆料在真空20-80℃条件下进行干燥成型,干燥时间为0.5~20小时。
其中,每一层的厚度及介电常数见表1所示。第一、三、五、七层材料配比为x1=0.04,x2=0.03,x3=0.08,x4=0.02,x5=8;第二、四、六层材料配比为x1=0.03,x2=0.06,x3=0.4,x4=0.06,x5=18。
表1厚度及介电常数对应表
名称 厚度,mm 介电常数
第一层 0.4 3.2
第二层 1.5 1.2
第三层 0.4 3.2
第四层 1.5 1.2
第五层 0.4 3.2
第六层 1.5 1.2
第七层 0.4 3.2
步骤三、等静压成型
将七层氮化硅材料按顺序交替叠放入模具中,进行等静压成型,得到陶瓷胚体,等静压条件为:压强1~50MPa、时间为0.5~10小时、温度为20~100℃;
步骤四、排胶
等静压成型后,将陶瓷胚体中的有机物去除,排胶条件为:升温速率5~10℃/min、在100~600℃保温1~5小时,得到陶瓷素胚;
步骤五、热压烧结
将陶瓷素胚放入模具中进行热压烧结,烧结条件为:升温速率5~10℃/min、烧结温度为800~1800℃、压力为0.5~10MPa、保温时间为2~10小时;得到多层氮化硅陶瓷材料。
采用遗传算法对所制备的多层陶瓷结构进行等效平板仿真,得到18-40GHz下的透波率如图所示。从图中可得在大角度入射条件下,材料的透波率大于90%。

Claims (5)

1.一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述的材料包括七层,所述的材料包括Si3N4、Al2O3、Y2O3、造孔剂和分散剂,对应比例为1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5
从上至下第一、三、五、七层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.03-0.08,x2=0.02-0.04,x3=0.06-0.1,x4=0.01-0.03,x5=5-13;
从上至下第二、四、六层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.01-0.05,x2=0.03-0.08,x3=0.1-0.5,x4=0.04-0.08,x5=13-20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述材料每一层通过多层氮化硅薄膜叠加而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述的氮化硅薄膜通过流延成型制备而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征在于通过以下方法进行流延成型:
步骤一,将浆料材料Si3N4粉体、Al2O3粉体、Y2O3粉体、造孔剂、丙烯酸分散剂、液体乙醇与聚乙烯醇混合为物料,将物料在200~500r/min转速下球磨24~48小时后制得浆料;
步骤二,将浆料真空除泡后在玻璃基板上流延成型,流延过程中刮刀速度为5~30cm/min;将流延成型的浆料在真空20-80℃条件下进行干燥成型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:第一、三、五、七层材料配比为x1=0.05,x2=0.03,x3=0.1,x4=0.02,x5=10;
第二、四、六层材料配比为x1=0.02,x2=0.05,x3=0.5,x4=0.05,x5=15。
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CN103922746A (zh) * 2014-04-21 2014-07-16 哈尔滨工业大学 一种水基流延成型制备致密氮化硅陶瓷材料及致密异形氮化硅陶瓷材料的方法
CN104844250A (zh) * 2015-04-24 2015-08-19 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种耐高温多孔夹层透波材料及其制备方法

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CN109383089A (zh) * 2017-08-11 2019-02-26 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料

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