CN108218438A - 一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种透波复合材料,特别涉及一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料。所述的材料包括七层,所述的材料包括Si3N4、Al2O3、Y2O3、造孔剂和分散剂,对应比例为1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5;从上至下第一、三、五、七层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.03‑0.08,x2=0.02‑0.04,x3=0.06‑0.1,x4=0.01‑0.03,x5=5‑13;从上至下第二、四、六层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.01‑0.05,x2=0.03‑0.08,x3=0.1‑0.5,x4=0.04‑0.08,x5=13‑20。本发明提供一种七层氮化硅多层结构,可通过调节介电常数实现在18~40GHz的高频段、宽频带透波特性。本发明用于新一代高超音速空空、空地、地空反辐射导弹天线罩及其它耐高温次承力部件,具有一定的军事效益和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种透波复合材料,特别涉及一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料。
背景技术
随着现代战争的需要以及航空航天技术的发展,高超声速飞行器的马赫数越来越高。目前各类高超声速飞行器的飞行速度多在4Ma以上,再入速度已达到8~12Ma甚至更高,对得电磁窗口提出了耐高温的要求。与此同时,随着现代反辐射导弹导引头技术的不断发展,导引头可以工作在很宽的频段范围内,无论是敌方的警戒雷达(频率较低)还是导弹制导、炮瞄雷达(频率较高)均处于攻击范围内,覆盖雷达工作频率0.1~40GHz。为了保证在恶劣环境条件下通讯、遥测、制导、引爆等系统的正常工作,发展耐高温、宽频带透波材料是目前发展的必然趋势。
有机树脂基透波复合材料只能在500℃短期使用;陶瓷基复合材料避免了陶瓷的脆性,但制备工艺技术不成熟离型号应用仍有较长的差距;氮化物类无机陶瓷类透波材料具有介电常数可调节、力学性能优异的特点,且可通过多层复合技术实现宽频技术指标要求。
Boeing公司研制了一种双层结构以氮化硅、钡铝硅酸盐为组分的天线罩材料,芯层和蒙皮的介电性能、弹性模量、热膨胀等性能在500℃下基本保持不变,但仅能在较窄频带内实现透波性能。美国和以色列制备了A型夹层的Si3N4陶瓷天线罩,外层为相对致密的Si3N4,而内层为多孔的Si3N4,未见宽频透波性能方面的报道。美国制备5层的SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2陶瓷天线罩。在6~18GHz宽频范围内0°入射角的透波率为80%~95%,60°入射角的透波率为42%~97%,未见其他频带性能报道。
目前所制备的氮化硅多层结构最多仅为5层,只能在某一特定频带内透波,未见氮化硅7层结构制备方法的相关报道。另外,在材料上往往是氮化硅材料与其他低温材料组合实现多层结构,未见纯氮化硅多层结构的报道
发明内容
本发明的目的:提供一种宽频带的透波材料。
本发明的技术方案:一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述的材料包括七层,所述的材料包括Si3N4、Al2O3、Y2O3、造孔剂和分散剂,对应比例为1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5;
从上至下第一、三、五、七层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.03-0.08,x2=0.02-0.04,x3=0.06-0.1,x4=0.01-0.03,x5=5-13;
从上至下第二、四、六层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.01-0.05,x2=0.03-0.08,x3=0.1-0.5,x4=0.04-0.08,x5=13-20。
优选地,所述材料每一层通过多层氮化硅薄膜叠加而成。
优选地,所述的氮化硅薄膜通过流延成型制备而成。
优选地,通过以下方法进行流延成型:
步骤一,将浆料材料Si3N4粉体、Al2O3粉体、Y2O3粉体、造孔剂、分散剂混合为物料,将物料在200~500r/min转速下球磨24~48小时后制得浆料;
步骤二,将浆料真空除泡后在玻璃基板上流延成型,流延过程中刮刀速度为5~30cm/min;将流延成型的浆料在真空20-80℃条件下进行干燥成型。
优选地,第一、三、五、七层材料配比为x1=0.05,x2=0.03,x3=0.1,x4=0.02,x5=10;
第二、四、六层材料配比为x1=0.02,x2=0.05,x3=0.5,x4=0.05,x5=15。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供一种七层氮化硅多层结构,可通过调节介电常数实现在18~40GHz的高频段、宽频带透波特性。本发明用于新一代高超音速空空、空地、地空反辐射导弹天线罩及其它耐高温次承力部件,具有一定的军事效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角-45°);
图2为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角-30°);
图3为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角-15°);
图4为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角0°);
图5为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角15°);
图6为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角30°);
图7为18~40GHz透波率曲线(俯仰角45°)。
具体实施方式
具体提供一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将浆料材料Si3N4粉体、Al2O3粉体、Y2O3粉体、造孔剂、分散剂按照1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5对应比例混合为物料,将物料在200~500r/min转速下球磨24~48小时后制得浆料;
步骤二,将浆料真空除泡后在玻璃基板上流延成型,流延过程中刮刀速度为5~30cm/min;将流延成型的浆料在真空20-80℃条件下进行干燥成型,干燥时间为0.5~20小时。
其中,每一层的厚度及介电常数见表1所示。第一、三、五、七层材料配比为x1=0.04,x2=0.03,x3=0.08,x4=0.02,x5=8;第二、四、六层材料配比为x1=0.03,x2=0.06,x3=0.4,x4=0.06,x5=18。
表1厚度及介电常数对应表
名称 | 厚度,mm | 介电常数 |
第一层 | 0.4 | 3.2 |
第二层 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
第三层 | 0.4 | 3.2 |
第四层 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
第五层 | 0.4 | 3.2 |
第六层 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
第七层 | 0.4 | 3.2 |
步骤三、等静压成型
将七层氮化硅材料按顺序交替叠放入模具中,进行等静压成型,得到陶瓷胚体,等静压条件为:压强1~50MPa、时间为0.5~10小时、温度为20~100℃;
步骤四、排胶
等静压成型后,将陶瓷胚体中的有机物去除,排胶条件为:升温速率5~10℃/min、在100~600℃保温1~5小时,得到陶瓷素胚;
步骤五、热压烧结
将陶瓷素胚放入模具中进行热压烧结,烧结条件为:升温速率5~10℃/min、烧结温度为800~1800℃、压力为0.5~10MPa、保温时间为2~10小时;得到多层氮化硅陶瓷材料。
采用遗传算法对所制备的多层陶瓷结构进行等效平板仿真,得到18-40GHz下的透波率如图所示。从图中可得在大角度入射条件下,材料的透波率大于90%。
Claims (5)
1.一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述的材料包括七层,所述的材料包括Si3N4、Al2O3、Y2O3、造孔剂和分散剂,对应比例为1:x1:x2:x3:x4:x5;
从上至下第一、三、五、七层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.03-0.08,x2=0.02-0.04,x3=0.06-0.1,x4=0.01-0.03,x5=5-13;
从上至下第二、四、六层材料配比相同,其中x1=0.01-0.05,x2=0.03-0.08,x3=0.1-0.5,x4=0.04-0.08,x5=13-20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述材料每一层通过多层氮化硅薄膜叠加而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:所述的氮化硅薄膜通过流延成型制备而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征在于通过以下方法进行流延成型:
步骤一,将浆料材料Si3N4粉体、Al2O3粉体、Y2O3粉体、造孔剂、丙烯酸分散剂、液体乙醇与聚乙烯醇混合为物料,将物料在200~500r/min转速下球磨24~48小时后制得浆料;
步骤二,将浆料真空除泡后在玻璃基板上流延成型,流延过程中刮刀速度为5~30cm/min;将流延成型的浆料在真空20-80℃条件下进行干燥成型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种氮化硅宽频带透波材料,其特征为:第一、三、五、七层材料配比为x1=0.05,x2=0.03,x3=0.1,x4=0.02,x5=10;
第二、四、六层材料配比为x1=0.02,x2=0.05,x3=0.5,x4=0.05,x5=15。
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