CN108211749B - Wet desulfurization spray tower and desulfurization method - Google Patents
Wet desulfurization spray tower and desulfurization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108211749B CN108211749B CN201810264666.6A CN201810264666A CN108211749B CN 108211749 B CN108211749 B CN 108211749B CN 201810264666 A CN201810264666 A CN 201810264666A CN 108211749 B CN108211749 B CN 108211749B
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 55
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a wet desulfurization spray tower and a desulfurization method, comprising the following steps: 1) Introducing the flue gas into a wet desulfurization spray tower for desulfurization, spraying clear water to a demister by a water supplementing spray layer at the top of the wet desulfurization tower, and cleaning the demister; 2) The liquid drops removed by the demister and the water after cleaning the demister flow into a tank type liquid mixer of the tank type liquid distributor under the diversion effect of the demister water collector, and are mixed with alkali liquor with higher concentration from the alkali liquor spray pipe for reaction; 3) The alkali liquor after preliminary dilution in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through the tank bodies at the two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor, falls on the packing layer below, forms an alkali liquor film on the packing layer, and desulfurizes flue gas.
Description
Technical Field
The application particularly relates to a wet desulfurization spray tower and a desulfurization method.
Background
Wet desulfurization is a common gas-liquid reaction device, and sodium hydroxide alkali liquor is pumped to a spraying layer at the top of a tower through a circulating water pump to be mixed with demisting water, so that dispersed droplets are formed to fall down, and meanwhile, flue gas flows up reversely, and the gas and the liquid are fully contacted to wash the flue gas, so that sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is washed and removed.
The existing wet desulfurization is generally to arrange an alkali liquor spraying layer in a desulfurization tower, the sprayed alkali liquor flows reversely with the flue gas, and the alkali liquor reacts with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to remove the sulfur dioxide. Because a large number of liquid drops can be carried in the flue gas flowing process, if the flue gas subjected to wet desulfurization is directly discharged, certain influence can be caused on the surrounding environment. Therefore, the demister is arranged at the outlet of the wet desulfurization tower, and the mist carried in the flue gas not only contains moisture, but also contains sulfuric acid, sulfate, sulfur dioxide and the like, so that the wet desulfurization tower has higher corrosiveness and has serious influence on the service life of the demister.
In addition, if a single-layer alkali liquor spraying layer is arranged in the wet desulfurization tower, the flue gas desulfurization efficiency is low, and the content of sulfur dioxide in flue gas at the outlet of the desulfurization tower does not reach the standard, so that certain harm can be caused to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the application aims to provide a wet desulfurization spray tower and a desulfurization method.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a wet desulfurization spray tower comprises a tower body, a demister, a water supplementing spray layer, a demisting water collector, a trough type liquid distributor and a concentrated alkali trough, wherein,
the lower end of the tower body is provided with a smoke inlet, and the upper end of the tower body is provided with a smoke outlet;
the water supplementing spray layer is arranged at the top end of the tower body and is connected with a clean water source;
the demister is arranged below the water supplementing spray layer;
the demisting water collector comprises an upper hollow round table body, a middle closed round table and a lower diversion cofferdam, wherein the hollow round table body is arranged at the lower end of the demister, and the maximum diameter of the hollow round table body is equal to the inner diameter of the tower body; the upper end of the closed round table extends into the hollow round table body, the diversion cofferdam is of a funnel structure, and the lower end of the closed round table extends into the funnel structure;
the trough type liquid distributor comprises a trough type liquid mixer, an alkali liquor spray pipe, an alkali liquor trough and a liquid distributor, wherein the bottom and the side wall of the trough type liquid mixer are closed, a plurality of trough bodies which are arranged in parallel are arranged at the top of the trough type liquid mixer from one end to the other end, the bottom of the trough body is communicated, and the bottom of the diversion cofferdam is communicated with the middle position of the top of the trough type liquid mixer;
the alkali liquor spray pipe is arranged in the tank type liquid mixer and is communicated with the concentrated alkali tank through a pump; the alkali liquor tank is arranged below the tank type liquid mixer and is used for receiving liquid overflowed by the tank type liquid mixer; the liquid distributor is communicated with the bottom of the alkali liquid tank and uniformly distributes alkali liquid on the cross section of the tower body.
The demister can demist flue gas after desulfurization, water is sprayed to the demister through the water supplementing spray layer, the demister can be cleaned, the concentration of acid and salt on the surface of the demister is reduced, corrosion to the demister is reduced, and the service life of the demister is effectively prolonged.
Mist water removed by the demister and cleaning water for the demister flow downwards along the inner wall of the hollow circular truncated cone body, and the water which is slightly acidic in the part is guided into a tank body in the middle of the tank type liquid mixer under the secondary guiding effect of the middle closed circular truncated cone body and the tertiary guiding effect of a guiding cofferdam of the lower layer, and the water enters the tank body to be mixed with alkali liquor sprayed by an alkali liquor spray pipe. Alkali liquor in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through tank bodies on two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and the alkali liquor is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor to desulfurize flue gas.
Preferably, the demister is a corrugated filler demister.
Preferably, a pH meter is arranged in the liquid distributor.
The alkalinity of the alkali liquor in the liquor distributor is detected by the pH meter, if the pH value is smaller, the flow rate of the alkali liquor in the alkali liquor spray pipe can be increased, and if the pH value is larger, the flow rate of the alkali liquor in the alkali liquor spray pipe can be properly reduced, and on the premise of achieving better desulfurization efficiency, less alkali liquor is used.
Preferably, the alkali liquor spray pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes.
The hole diameter of the through hole is not required to be large, the hole diameter of the through hole can be large, for example, the hole diameter can reach 2-5mm, even larger, the generated resistance is small, and because the position of the alkali liquor spray pipe is high, when the generated resistance is small, the requirement on the lift of the pump (compared with a pressure nozzle) can be effectively reduced, so that the conveying and spraying of the high-concentration alkali liquor can be realized more easily.
Preferably, the liquid distributor comprises a communicating pipe, a main distribution pipeline and a plurality of branch distribution pipelines, wherein the upper end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the alkali liquor tank, the lower end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the main distribution pipeline, the plurality of branch distribution pipelines are vertically fixed below the main distribution pipeline and are communicated with the main distribution pipeline, and a plurality of spraying holes are formed in the lower end of each branch distribution pipeline.
Further preferably, the connection position of the main distribution pipeline and the communicating pipe is located in the middle of the main distribution pipeline, and the connection position of the branch distribution pipeline and the main distribution pipeline is located in the middle of the branch distribution pipeline.
The stability of the liquid distributor can be improved.
Preferably, a packing layer is arranged below the liquid distributor.
The concentrated alkali liquor sprayed by the liquor distributor forms a liquid film on the packing layer, so that the contact area with the flue gas can be effectively increased, and the desulfurization efficiency of the flue gas is further improved.
Further preferably, the filler in the filler layer is corrugated filler.
Preferably, a thin alkali liquor spraying layer is arranged below the packing layer, and the thin alkali liquor spraying layer is communicated with the bottom of the tower body through a pump. The unreacted alkali liquor at the bottom of the tower body can be sprayed again.
Further preferably, the dilute alkali solution spraying layer is provided with a plurality of pressure nozzles. The setting position of the thin alkali liquor spraying layer is lower, and the pump can easily pump the thin alkali liquor to the height. When the pressure nozzle is adopted, the dilute alkali solution can be fully atomized, the contact area of fog drops and smoke is increased, and the desulfurization efficiency of the smoke is further improved.
Preferably, a pH meter is arranged at the bottom of the tower body.
Can be used for measuring the pH value of the bottom liquid, can be reused if the bottom liquid is alkaline, and can be discharged for treatment if a better desulfurization effect is difficult to achieve.
A wet desulfurization method comprising the steps of:
1) Introducing the flue gas into a wet desulfurization spray tower for desulfurization, spraying clear water to a demister by a water supplementing spray layer at the top of the wet desulfurization tower, and cleaning the demister;
2) The liquid drops removed by the demister and the water after cleaning the demister flow into a tank type liquid mixer of the tank type liquid distributor under the diversion effect of the demister water collector, and are mixed with alkali liquor with higher concentration from the alkali liquor spray pipe for reaction;
3) The alkali liquor after preliminary dilution in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through the tank bodies at the two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor, falls on the packing layer below, forms an alkali liquor film on the packing layer, and desulfurizes flue gas.
Preferably, the desulfurization method further comprises the step of arranging a dilute alkali solution spraying layer below the packing layer and circularly spraying the dilute alkali solution at the bottom of the tower body.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the demister can demist flue gas after desulfurization, water is sprayed to the demister through the water supplementing spray layer, the demister can be cleaned, the concentration of acid and salt on the surface of the demister is reduced, corrosion to the demister is reduced, and the service life of the demister is effectively prolonged.
Mist water removed by the demister and cleaning water for the demister flow downwards along the inner wall of the hollow circular truncated cone body, and the water which is slightly acidic in the part is guided into a tank body in the middle of the tank type liquid mixer under the secondary guiding effect of the middle closed circular truncated cone body and the tertiary guiding effect of a guiding cofferdam of the lower layer, and the water enters the tank body to be mixed with alkali liquor sprayed by an alkali liquor spray pipe. Alkali liquor in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through tank bodies on two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and the alkali liquor is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor to desulfurize flue gas.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the wet desulfurizing tower of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a demisting water collection tank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a trough-type liquid distributor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the liquid distributor;
FIG. 5 is a balance line and an operation line;
FIG. 6 is a Y pairAn integral graph of the graph.
Wherein, 1, a flue gas outlet, 2, a water supplementing spray layer, 3, a demister, 4, a demisting water collector, 5, a trough type liquid distributor, 6, a packing layer, 7, a pressure nozzle, 8, a first flowmeter, 9, a concentrated alkali trough, 10, a second flowmeter, 11, a reaction trough, 12, a flue, 13, a pH meter, 14, an emptying round table body, 15, a closed round table, 16, a diversion cofferdam, 17, a tank type liquid mixer, 18, an alkali liquor spray pipe, 19, a communicating pipe, 20, a main distribution pipeline, 21, a branch distribution pipeline, 22 and an alkali liquor tank.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, the wet desulfurization spray tower comprises a tower body, a demister, a water supplementing spray layer, a demisting water collector, a trough type liquid distributor and a concentrated alkali trough 9, wherein the lower end of the tower body is provided with a flue gas inlet, the flue gas inlet is connected with a flue 12, and the upper end of the tower body is provided with a flue gas outlet 1; the water supplementing spray layer 2 is arranged at the top end of the tower body and is connected with a clean water source; the demister 3 is arranged below the water supplementing spray layer 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the demister water collector 4 comprises an upper hollow truncated cone 14, a middle closed truncated cone 15 and a lower diversion cofferdam 16, wherein the hollow truncated cone 14 is arranged at the lower end of the demister 3, and the maximum diameter of the hollow truncated cone 14 is equal to the inner diameter of the tower; the upper end of the closed circular table 15 extends into the hollow circular table body 14, the diversion cofferdam 16 is of a funnel structure, and the lower end of the closed circular table 15 extends into the funnel structure; the demisting water is collected along the inner wall of the hollow circular truncated cone 14, guided along the outer wall of the middle closed circular truncated cone 15, and flows into the trough-type liquid distributor through the guiding cofferdam 16. The top diameter of the closed circular truncated cone 15 is smaller than the bottom diameter of the hollow circular truncated cone 14. The water flow guided by the inner wall of the inverted hollow circular truncated cone 14 can directly fall onto the outer wall of the closed circular truncated cone 15, which is more beneficial to guiding the water.
As a specific embodiment, the top of the closed circular truncated cone 15 extends into the interior of the hollow circular truncated cone 14.
The included angle between the generatrix of the inverted hollow circular truncated cone 14 and the vertical direction is 10-60 degrees, preferably 20-45 degrees, for example, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees and the like.
The included angle between the generatrix of the closed circular table 14 and the vertical direction is 30-80 degrees, preferably 45-60 degrees, for example, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 60 degrees and the like.
Vertical baffles are arranged around the top of the diversion cofferdam 16, so that water flowing down can be effectively prevented from splashing. The included angle between the generatrix of the funnel structure of the guide cofferdam 16 and the vertical direction is 30-80 degrees, preferably 45-60 degrees, such as 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, 60 degrees, etc. The lower outlet of the diversion cofferdam 16 is provided with a diversion pipe. The flow guiding pipe is used for being connected with the lower trough type liquid mixer 17.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the tank-type liquid distributor comprises a tank-type liquid mixer 17, an alkali liquor spray pipe 18, an alkali liquor tank 22 and a liquid distributor, wherein the bottom and the side wall of the tank-type liquid mixer 17 are closed, a plurality of tank bodies which are arranged side by side are arranged from one end to the other end at the top of the tank-type liquid mixer 17, the cross section of each tank body is rectangular or triangular, preferably triangular, the bottom of each tank body is communicated, and the bottom of each diversion cofferdam 16 is communicated with the middle position at the top of the tank-type liquid mixer 17; the alkali liquor spray pipe 18 is arranged inside the tank type liquid mixer 17 and is communicated with the alkali concentration tank 9 through a pump; the alkali liquid tank 22 is arranged below the tank type liquid mixer 17 and is used for receiving liquid overflowed by the tank type liquid mixer 17; the liquid distributor is communicated with the bottom of the lye tank 22 and uniformly distributes lye on the cross section of the tower body.
The demister can demist flue gas after desulfurization, water is sprayed to the demister through the water supplementing spray layer, the demister can be cleaned, the concentration of acid and salt on the surface of the demister is reduced, corrosion to the demister is reduced, and the service life of the demister is effectively prolonged.
Mist water removed by the demister and cleaning water for the demister flow downwards along the inner wall of the hollow circular truncated cone body, and the water which is slightly acidic in the part is guided into a tank body in the middle of the tank type liquid mixer under the secondary guiding effect of the middle closed circular truncated cone body and the tertiary guiding effect of a guiding cofferdam of the lower layer, and the water enters the tank body to be mixed with alkali liquor sprayed by an alkali liquor spray pipe. Alkali liquor in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through tank bodies on two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and the alkali liquor is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor to desulfurize flue gas.
The demister is a corrugated filler demister. And a pH meter is arranged in the liquid distributor. The alkalinity of the alkali liquor in the liquor distributor is detected by the pH meter, if the pH value is smaller, the flow rate of the alkali liquor in the alkali liquor spray pipe can be increased, and if the pH value is larger, the flow rate of the alkali liquor in the alkali liquor spray pipe can be properly reduced, and on the premise of achieving better desulfurization efficiency, less alkali liquor is used.
The alkali liquor spray pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes. The hole diameter of the through hole is not required to be large, the hole diameter of the through hole can be large, for example, the hole diameter can reach 2-5mm, even larger, the generated resistance is small, and because the position of the alkali liquor spray pipe is high, when the generated resistance is small, the requirement on the lift of the pump (compared with a pressure nozzle) can be effectively reduced, so that the conveying and spraying of the high-concentration alkali liquor can be realized more easily.
As shown in fig. 4, the liquid distributor comprises a communicating pipe 19, a main distribution pipeline 20 and a plurality of branch distribution pipelines 21, wherein the upper end of the communicating pipe 19 is communicated with the alkali liquor tank 22, the lower end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the main distribution pipeline 20, the plurality of branch distribution pipelines 21 are vertically fixed below the main distribution pipeline 20 and are communicated with the main distribution pipeline 20, and a plurality of spraying holes are formed in the lower end of each branch distribution pipeline 21. The connection position of the main distribution pipe 20 and the communicating pipe 19 is located in the middle of the main distribution pipe 20, and the connection position of the branch distribution pipe 21 and the main distribution pipe 20 is located in the middle of the branch distribution pipe 21. The stability of the liquid distributor can be improved.
A packing layer 6 is arranged below the liquid distributor. The concentrated alkali liquor sprayed by the liquor distributor forms a liquid film on the packing layer 6, so that the contact area with the flue gas can be effectively increased, and the desulfurization efficiency of the flue gas is further improved. The filler in the filler layer 6 is corrugated filler. A thin alkali liquor spraying layer is arranged below the packing layer 6 and is communicated with the bottom of the tower body through a pump. The unreacted alkali liquor at the bottom of the tower body can be sprayed again. The dilute alkali solution spraying layer is provided with a plurality of pressure nozzles 7. The setting position of the thin alkali liquor spraying layer is lower, and the pump can easily pump the thin alkali liquor to the height. When the pressure nozzle 7 is adopted, the dilute alkali solution can be fully atomized, the contact area of fog drops and smoke is increased, and the desulfurization efficiency of the smoke is further improved.
The bottom of the tower body is provided with a pH meter. Can be used for measuring the pH value of the bottom liquid, can be reused if the bottom liquid is alkaline, and can be discharged for treatment if a better desulfurization effect is difficult to achieve.
A wet desulfurization method comprising the steps of:
1) Introducing the flue gas into a wet desulfurization spray tower for desulfurization, spraying clear water to a demister by a water supplementing spray layer at the top of the wet desulfurization tower, and cleaning the demister;
2) The liquid drops removed by the demister and the water after cleaning the demister flow into a tank type liquid mixer of the tank type liquid distributor under the diversion effect of the demister water collector, and are mixed with alkali liquor with higher concentration from the alkali liquor spray pipe for reaction;
3) The alkali liquor after preliminary dilution in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through the tank bodies at the two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor, falls on the packing layer below, forms an alkali liquor film on the packing layer, and desulfurizes flue gas.
4) And a thin alkali liquor spraying layer is arranged below the packing layer, and thin alkali liquor at the bottom of the tower body is circularly sprayed.
Wet desulfurization tower design
1. Design goals
After being treated by dry desulfurization and the like, the flue gas parameters entering the wet desulfurization tower and the SO at the outlet of the wet desulfurization 2 The concentration requirements are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 wet desulfurizing tower inlet flue gas parameters
2. Factors influencing absorption efficiency
In a packed tower, the mass transfer process between sodium hydroxide solution and sulfur dioxide in flue gas can be explained by using a double-membrane theory.
The essence of the double-membrane model is to simplify the gas-liquid mass transfer process to be performed through the gas film and the liquid film on both sides of the gas-liquid interface, and the absorption (mass transfer) rate between the gas and liquid phases depends on the molecular diffusion rate through this retention film.
The pH of the absorption liquid is a main factor affecting the desulfurization rate according to the following reaction scheme
2NaOH+SO 2 →Na 2 SO 3 +H 2 O；
Na 2 SO 3 +SO 2 +H 2 O→2NaHSO 3 ；
SO 2 Enter the absorption liquid to dissociate into H + And HSO 3 - With OH - Further reaction.
When staying atAt high pH, OH - The ion concentration is higher, the chemical reaction rate is faster, the enhancement factor of liquid phase mass transfer is large, the resistance is small, the whole mass transfer process is controlled by gas phase resistance, the absorption rate is larger, and the method is finally embodied as SO 2 The total mass transfer coefficient is higher;
when the pH is reduced to about 6, the solution is absorbed with [ SO ] 3 2－ ]And the enhancement factor is reduced faster with the reduction of pH, and the mass transfer resistance is correspondingly increased, SO that SO 2 The mass transfer coefficient is rapidly reduced, and the gas film and liquid film resistance in the desulfurizing process by taking water as a desulfurizing agent are similar, so that the absorption process is controlled by double films;
3. desulfurizing tower design
1) Demisting layer design
The project spray tower adopts corrugated filler for demisting, the hollow tower speed in the tower is designed to be 0.6m/s by referring to a corrugated filler calculation method, the inner diameter of the project desulfurization tower is determined to be 3.8m, and the spray density is generally larger than 0.2m 3 /m 2 H, taking 0.5m 3 /m 2 When in h, the water supplementing quantity is 5.67m 3 /h。
The upper layer of the demisting water collecting tank is an empty round platform, the middle layer is a closed round platform, the lower layer is a diversion cofferdam, demisting water is collected along the inner wall of the upper hollow round platform, diversion is carried out along the outer wall of the middle round platform, and the demisting water flows into the trough-type liquid distributor through the diversion cofferdam. The form of the demisting water collecting tank is shown in figure 2.
2) Desulfurization calculation
The process of absorbing sulfur dioxide by sodium hydroxide solution is mainly an absorption process of rapid chemical reaction, the pH is changed in a gradient way along the height of the tower, and a high-efficiency corrugated filler is adopted in a high-pH desulfurizing liquid area, so that the height of the filler layer is directly determined by calculating the desulfurizing efficiency of the corrugated filler on the upper layer. The desulfurizing liquid in the lower spraying section of desulfurizing tower has relatively high circulating amount, relatively low pH value and certain buffering solution property, and the spraying section has the main function of preventing the temperature change of fume from affecting the absorption process in the tower and completing partial SO 2- 3 Oxidizing and absorbing a part of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas.
According to the equilibrium constant of water absorption of sulfur dioxide, the removal effect of the process on sulfur dioxide in flue gas is calculated. The equilibrium constants for sulfur dioxide absorption by water are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 equilibrium constant for absorption of sulfur dioxide by water
At 50 ℃, ph=5, 6, the reaction process and ionization balance were respectively:
[H + ]＝[SO 2 ·H 2 O]·K s1 /[HSO 3 - ]
[H + ]＝K s1 ·[HSO 3 -- ]/[SO 3 2- ]
logK at 50 ℃ s1 ＝853/T-4.74(M)＝-2.0991
logK s2 ＝621.9/T-9.278(M)＝-7.3526
Calculated to obtain K s1 ＝7.9598×10 -3 M
K s2 ＝4.44×10 -8 M
The secondary ionization is very small and can be ignored;
for primary ionization [ SO ] 2 ·H 2 O]＝([H + ][HSO 3 -- ])·1/K s1
At ph=5, [ SO ] 2 ·H 2 O]＝10 -5 ·1/7.9598×10 -3 ＝1.256×10 -8
At ph=6, [ SO ] 2 ·H 2 O]＝10 -5 ·1/7.9598×10 -6 ＝1.256×10 -10
According to the reaction type
P SO2 ＝[SO 2 ·H 2 O]/K hs ·P SO2
Calculated log K hs ＝1376.1/T-4.51＝-0.2496
K hs ＝0.5628
At ph=5, P SO2 ＝1.256×10 -8 /0.5628＝2.2317×10 -8 atm
Project smoke pressure is 1atm, SO 2 The concentration is converted into 2.2317/22.4X164×10 -8 ＝6.376×10 -8 mg/m 3
At ph=6, P SO2 ＝2.2317×10 -10 atm, corresponding SO 2 Is smaller than the equilibrium concentration of (a)
Corresponding SO if ph=4 2 Is 6.376 ×10 -6 mg/m 3 This concentration value is significantly better than the value in the ambient air quality standard.
The calculation shows that the equilibrium concentration of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas after wet desulfurization can reach near zero emission.
The height of the filler layer in the process is calculated by an absorption mass transfer rate equation and a material balance calculation:
1. rate balance formula: dn=k Y (Y-Y * )dA
Wherein: absorption Rate kmol/h of N-absorbent
A-contact area m 2
Y-Y * Gas phase mass transfer driving force
K Y Total coefficient of gas phase mass transfer
2. Material balance formula: dn= VdY
Combining the two formulas to obtain the compound: dn= VdY =k Y (Y-Y * )dA
Thus, it is obtained:
taking K in the same tower under certain operating conditions Y For the fixed value of the current,integration is performed along all contact surfaces:
wherein:
wherein: h filler layer height m
Omega-packing column cross-sectional area m 2
Effective specific surface m of alpha-filler 2 /m 3
Thereby deriving the height of the filler layer:
order theThen the following is obtained: h=h OG ·N OG ；
H in OG Referred to as gas phase mass transfer unit height m; n (N) OG Referred to as the number of gas phase mass transfer units.
The height of the gas phase mass transfer unit can be directly usedThe mass transfer unit number is calculated more complex and can be calculated by the following method.
The method of graphic integration: to do soFirstly, making a balance line and an operation line in an X-Y graph (the slope of the operation line is determined according to the specific amount of the absorbent); then at Y 1 —Y 2 Gradually finding out the value of Y to Y in the range; then use Y toPlotting to obtain the area under the curve, its value is N OG (seeFig. 5 and 6).
The graphic method is a method which meets the operation conditions in engineering and more accurately checks and calculates the filler absorption tower. Considering that the project is a dangerous waste incineration project, the sulfur dioxide concentration has obvious fluctuation, even accurate calculation is difficult to adapt to the fluctuation of production working conditions and the mandatory limit requirement of the discharge standard of a discharge port, so that the project is used as a parameter estimation method, and the characteristic design selects a simpler chemical absorption calculation method derived by a logarithmic average concentration difference method.
(2) Log mean concentration difference method: when the equilibrium relationship of the absorption obeys henry's law, i.e. the equilibrium line is a straight line or close to a straight line, the calculation can be simplified, and the logarithmic mean concentration difference method is adopted. The calculation formula is as follows:
material balance formula: dn=vd Y
According to henry's law: y= m X thus
And then from the absorption rate equation: dn=k Y (Y-Y * )dA
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
integrating the upper part, wherein A is from 0 to A, and Y is from Y 2 —Y 1 Obtaining:
mass balance of the absorbent from the whole column:
N＝V(Y 1 -Y 2 )
is obtained by the following two formulas:
substituting this formula into formula (1) to obtain:
when (when)When (I)>That is, when the average impulse force is less influenced by the arithmetic mean value on the calculation accuracy, the calculation accuracy is further improved by the following formula n=v (Y 1 -Y 2 )
Combining (2) to obtain: v (Y) 1 -Y 2 )＝K Y AΔY m
And then toSubstituting to obtain: />
As can be seen from the calculation result of 5.2.3.2, the difference between the equilibrium concentration of the alkali liquor for absorbing sulfur dioxide and the concentration in the flue gas is very large in the whole operation range of the desulfurizing tower, and the same result is obtained from the environmental monitoring data of the actual desulfurizing tower operation. I.e. the concentration corresponding to the equilibrium line is more like a near zero abscissa line with respect to the operating line concentration. And the rapid chemical reaction of absorbing sulfur dioxide by alkali liquor obviously promotes the transfer of solute liquid phase, basically eliminates the mass transfer resistance of a liquid film, and the mass transfer resistance affecting the absorption process is only concentrated on one side of a gas film, so that the value of the total mass transfer coefficient is closer to the absorption value of high-solubility gases such as ammonia and hydrogen chloride. The filler height calculation can therefore be simplified as:
Y b -SO in flue gas entering the filler layer 2 Concentration of
Y a -SO in flue gas leaving the packing layer 2 Concentration of
In this calculation V/Ω=0.6 m/s K is taken Y α＝0.65s -1 (estimated by ammonia absorption Mass transfer coefficient)
So thatSuch as outlet SO 2 The concentration is 10mg/m 3 The calculated packing height was 2.13m.
The height of the packing layer of the project is 3m.
3) Spray height of absorption tower
Compared with the typical method, the design has lower flue gas amount, and the corrugated filler is adopted as the absorption operation filler, so the actual wind speed of the absorption tower is obviously lower than that of the limestone-gypsum desulfurization process by 3.5 m/s. The process adopts similar centrifugal pressure nozzle to spray desulfurizing liquid at the bottom of tower, and the liquid-gas ratio of spray density can be properly reduced to 1-2L.m -3 .
The typical nozzle drop diameter is 1.5mm, which is smaller, less distorted and substantially spherically reduced compared to rain drops. The flue gas contact reaction time is generally 2-5s, and the height of a spraying section is 3m by taking 5 s.
The height of the spray tower of the project is 3m.
4) Height of reaction tank
Project design air volume 2.2 ten thousand m 3 And/h, and the superficial velocity of the gas in the column, the calculated project packing column diameter was 3.8m. The absorption liquid is at the bottom of the tower for 3-5 minutes, the residence time is 4 minutes in design, and the liquid amount of the bottom of the tower is 29.33m according to the liquid flow 3 The space height of the bottom liquid was found to be 2.59m, and approximately 3m was found.
5) Total height of desulfurizing tower
The filler tower is internally provided with a liquid distributor and a tower top demister, and the auxiliary heights such as the height of the skirt seat are considered in consideration of the space required by the gas-liquid inlet and outlet.
Above the packing layer of the packed tower, a certain space height is reserved so that liquid drops can be separated from air flow, the installation space of the liquid distributor at the upper part of the tower is about 1.5m, and the separation between the demister at the top of the tower and the clearance is 2.5m. The space of the desulfurizing liquid spray head is 0.5m. The height of each corrugated filler, the spraying area and the desulfurizing liquid storage area is 3m.
The total height of the desulfurizing tower was determined to be 13.5m based on the above calculation.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a wet flue gas desulfurization spray column which characterized in that: comprises a tower body, a demister, a water supplementing spray layer, a demisting water collector, a trough type liquid distributor and a concentrated alkali trough, wherein,
the lower end of the tower body is provided with a smoke inlet, and the upper end of the tower body is provided with a smoke outlet;
the water supplementing spray layer is arranged at the top end of the tower body and is connected with a clean water source;
the demister is arranged below the water supplementing spray layer;
the demisting water collector comprises an upper hollow round table body, a middle closed round table and a lower diversion cofferdam, wherein the hollow round table body is arranged at the lower end of the demister, and the maximum diameter of the hollow round table body is equal to the inner diameter of the tower body; the upper end of the closed round table extends into the hollow round table body, the diversion cofferdam is of a funnel structure, and the lower end of the closed round table extends into the funnel structure;
the trough type liquid distributor comprises a trough type liquid mixer, an alkali liquor spray pipe, an alkali liquor trough and a liquid distributor, wherein the bottom and the side wall of the trough type liquid mixer are closed, a plurality of trough bodies which are arranged in parallel are arranged at the top of the trough type liquid mixer from one end to the other end, the bottom of the trough body is communicated, and the bottom of the diversion cofferdam is communicated with the middle position of the top of the trough type liquid mixer;
the alkali liquor spray pipe is arranged in the tank type liquid mixer and is communicated with the concentrated alkali tank through a pump; the alkali liquor tank is arranged below the tank type liquid mixer and is used for receiving liquid overflowed by the tank type liquid mixer; the liquid distributor is communicated with the bottom of the alkali liquid tank, and alkali liquid is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body;
the demister is a corrugated filler demister;
and a pH meter is arranged in the liquid distributor.
2. The wet desulfurization spray tower according to claim 1, wherein: the alkali liquor spray pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes.
3. The wet desulfurization spray tower according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid distributor comprises a communicating pipe, a main distribution pipeline and a plurality of branch distribution pipelines, wherein the upper end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the alkali liquor tank, the lower end of the communicating pipe is communicated with the main distribution pipeline, the plurality of branch distribution pipelines are vertically fixed below the main distribution pipeline and are communicated with the main distribution pipeline, and a plurality of spray holes are formed in the lower end of each branch distribution pipeline;
the connection position of the main distribution pipeline and the communicating pipe is positioned in the middle of the main distribution pipeline, and the connection position of the branch distribution pipeline and the main distribution pipeline is positioned in the middle of the branch distribution pipeline.
4. The wet desulfurization spray tower according to claim 1, wherein: a packing layer is arranged below the liquid distributor;
the filler in the filler layer is corrugated filler.
5. The wet desulfurization spray tower according to claim 4, wherein: the dilute alkali liquor spraying layer is arranged below the packing layer and is communicated with the bottom of the tower body through a pump.
6. The wet desulfurization spray tower according to claim 5, wherein: the dilute alkali solution spraying layer is provided with a plurality of pressure nozzles.
7. A wet desulfurization method, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Introducing the flue gas into a wet desulfurization spray tower for desulfurization, spraying clear water to a demister by a water supplementing spray layer at the top of the wet desulfurization tower, and cleaning the demister;
2) The liquid drops removed by the demister and the water after cleaning the demister flow into a tank type liquid mixer of the tank type liquid distributor under the diversion effect of the demister water collector, and are mixed with alkali liquor with higher concentration from the alkali liquor spray pipe for reaction;
3) The alkali liquor after preliminary dilution in the tank type liquid mixer overflows into the alkali liquor tank through the tank bodies at the two sides of the top of the tank type liquid mixer, and is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the tower body through the liquid distributor, falls on the packing layer below, forms an alkali liquor film on the packing layer, and desulfurizes flue gas.
8. The desulfurization method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the method also comprises the step of arranging a thin alkali liquor spraying layer below the packing layer and circularly spraying the thin alkali liquor at the bottom of the tower body.
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| CN109351168B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2024-05-14 | 南京泰斯普化工工程技术有限公司 | Flue gas desulfurization device |
| CN117619048B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-06-21 | 原初科技（北京）有限公司 | Fixing CO in air2Systems and methods of (1) |
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