Adhesive for cataract operation incision and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cataract treatment, in particular to an adhesive for cataract surgery incisions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cataract is a common senile disease, and is caused by various reasons such as aging, heredity, local nutrition disorder, immunity and metabolism disorder, trauma, poisoning, radiation and the like, so that metabolic disorder of crystalline lens is caused, and the protein of the crystalline lens is denatured to generate turbidity. At present, the treatment of cataract is mainly ultrasonic emulsification excision, a patient's eye is cut through a scleral tunnel in the 12 o' clock direction, capsulorhexis forceps remove a front capsule membrane of a diseased crystalline lens through the incision to expose the diseased crystalline lens, the diseased crystalline lens is removed through ultrasonic emulsification, and an intraocular lens is implanted to achieve the purpose of treatment. Since anterior chamber water seeps out of a cataract corneal incision, so that intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber is reduced, resulting in hypotony, and meanwhile, a cataract anterior chamber incision easily causes serious complications such as endophthalmitis, it is necessary to seal the cataract surgical incision.
In order to maintain the intraocular pressure and the sterility state of the anterior chamber after cataract surgery, two methods of suturing and self-watertight closing a cataract surgery incision are mainly adopted for a cataract cornea incision clinically at present. The watertight method is generally applied to the operation of folding crystal small incision, and the suture method is generally applied to the operation of hard artificial crystal with hard crystal nucleus.
Because the cataract has a plurality of types of diseases, the operation scheme is determined according to different causes, the ultra-hard crystal inner core can not be treated by ultrasonic emulsification operation, the diseased inner core must be removed through a large incision, and under the conditions that the patient is older and the economic condition is limited, the patient often selects the non-folding hard-piece crystal, so that the large incision must be selected for treatment in the operation. For large incisions, the scleral tunnel is wide in width, and therefore, it is necessary to suture closed corneal surgical wounds to maintain intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber and sterility. The suture has good sealing performance on surgical wounds, but the suture can cause certain influence on the cornea, and complications such as corneal neovascularization, corneal glint and the like are serious, so the suture surgical method is rarely applied clinically.
The watertight method is that the pressure of the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber is utilized to push the inner valve of the corneal surgery incision, so that the inner valve is tightly jointed with the outer valve, and the watertight surgery incision effect is achieved. However, the watertight method has a strong resistance to forces in a direction perpendicular to the incision, and has a poor resistance to forces in other directions, such as the eyelid, the eye socket, and the like, which easily causes low-pressure ophthalmia.
The biological glue is a method for closing the cataract operation incision developed in recent years, the biological glue is mainly prepared by polyethylene glycol hydrogel, alpha hydroxyl acrylate and other substances, the biological glue reacts with amino and hydroxyl in tissues to bond the two ends of the operation incision into a whole through the biological glue, and the purpose of suturing the wound is achieved. The biological adhesive has a good wound sealing effect, can maintain the pressure and stable state in front for a long time, but has poor degradation performance and long retention time on the surface of eyes, and can generate additional stimulation to the cornea to influence the repair of an operation wound.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an adhesive for cataract operation incision and a preparation method thereof, wherein when the adhesive is used for tightly closing the cataract operation incision, aqueous humor can be prevented from flowing out, the anterior chamber pressure can be kept, the adhesive is easy to discharge, and other influences on cornea are avoided.
The invention provides an adhesive for cataract operation incision, which is prepared by vacuum freeze drying of a chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane.
Chitosan (chitosan), also known as chitosan, is obtained by deacetylation of chitin (chitin) widely existing in nature, and is chemically named polyglucosamine (1-4) -2-amino-B-D glucose. Such natural polymers have been widely used in various industries for their excellent properties such as biological functionality, compatibility, blood compatibility, safety, and biodegradability, and have made great progress in the research of applications in various fields such as medicine, food, chemical engineering, cosmetics, water treatment, metal extraction and recovery, biochemistry, and biomedical engineering. An Electrostatic Spinning (ES) technology is a simple and easy preparation method of a novel tissue engineering porous scaffold, and an electrostatic spinning material has a unique microstructure and appropriate mechanical properties, so that an ideal platform is provided for research and development of biological tissue engineering scaffolds, sustained-release materials and the like. At present, people successfully synthesize biological materials such as artificial skin, artificial blood vessels and the like by utilizing an electrostatic spinning technology, and medical products with the functions of trauma auxiliary material hemostasis, skin regeneration, directional drug slow release and the like are prepared by utilizing the biological materials such as PLLA, chitosan, collagen, PLGA and the like. The chitosan-based electrostatic spinning composite wound auxiliary material is a composite chitosan electrostatic spinning film with clear layers prepared by different electrostatic spinning methods, the spinning film has lasting and broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, good slow-release antibacterial and comfortable performances, good biological appearance and certain plant aroma, and can be widely applied to the fields of textile industry, medical health care, biomedicine and the like as medical materials, textile and clothing materials, antibacterial materials and the like.
The chitosan electrostatic spinning film is used as an adhesive for cataract operation incision after vacuum freeze drying, forms a viscous film when meeting water, has certain viscosity and tension, can prevent aqueous humor from flowing out through a cataract operation wound, keeps anterior chamber pressure for a long time, and prevents low-pressure eye disease from occurring. Meanwhile, chitosan has certain anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic capabilities, prevents bacterial infection of operation wounds and reduces the risk of endophthalmitis. Moreover, the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane is a water-soluble membrane, can be slowly degraded in the cornea and separated from the cornea along with the outflow of tears, does not need to be treated and removed, and does not cause secondary damage to the cornea. Experimental results show that when the adhesive provided by the invention is used for sealing cataract operation incision, aqueous humor can be prevented from flowing out, and anterior chamber pressure can be kept stable for 1-2 days.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the adhesive for cataract surgery incisions, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane.
In the invention, the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane is prepared according to the following method:
a) carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution containing chitosan and gelatin to obtain a chitosan electrostatic spinning film;
b) and removing impurities in the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane.
The electrostatic spinning membrane is prepared from chitosan and gelatin as raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the chitosan to the gelatin is 6-8: 2-4, and preferably 7: 3. The number average molecular weight of the chitosan is 10-50 ten thousand.
The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly dissolving chitosan and gelatin in trifluoroacetic acid, then adding dichloromethane to adjust the viscosity of the spinning solution, then sealing, and standing for 24 hours at 4 ℃.
Standing to remove bubbles, and performing electrostatic spinning on the obtained spinning solution, wherein the parameters of the electrostatic spinning are as follows: the diameter of the needle head at the front end of the injector is 0.7 mm; the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrostatic spinning machine is 7 cm-12 cm, the positive voltage and the negative voltage are 20 kV-35 kV, the rotating speed of the receiver is 100 rpm/min-120 rpm, the translation speed of the electrostatic spinning needle head is 0.2 mm/s-0.5 mm/s, the temperature of the spinning space is 70 ℃ to 90 ℃, and the humidity is 40 RH-60 RH. Continuously spinning for 120-180 min to obtain the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane.
After the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane is obtained, impurities in the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane are removed, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
drying the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane in vacuum, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and removing the ethyl alcohol by adopting high-temperature steam.
After the preparation of the chitosan electrostatic spinning film is finished, carrying out vacuum drying on the chitosan electrostatic spinning film to remove solvent residues, then repeatedly washing the chitosan electrostatic spinning film by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol, and separating the chitosan electrostatic spinning film from the tin foil paper; spreading the electrostatic spinning membrane on a wet cellulose acetate membrane for spreading after separation, removing ethanol by using high-temperature steam, and performing vacuum freeze drying.
Specifically, the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane can be quickly frozen and then subjected to vacuum freeze drying, wherein the quick freezing temperature is-100 to-60 ℃, and the optimal temperature is-80 ℃. The vacuum freeze drying can remove the redundant moisture in the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane and keep a certain spatial structure of the electrostatic spinning membrane, thereby being beneficial to being used as the cataract surgery incision adhesive.
After vacuum freeze drying, the chitosan electrostatic spinning film is sterilized by ultraviolet, then cut into rectangular pieces with the size of 3mm multiplied by 5mm, and vacuum packed and stored for standby.
The adhesive provided by the invention can be used for the sclera tunnel incision of cataract operation, can seal the external incision of cataract operation and maintain the anterior chamber pressure, and is suitable for the close fit of small incision and large incision cataract operation cornea incision.
The chitosan electrostatic spinning film which is subjected to vacuum freeze drying is used as an adhesive, a small piece of chitosan electrostatic spinning film is attached to an operation incision after cataract operation is finished, the chitosan electrostatic spinning film has certain water solubility and forms a viscous thin film when meeting water, part of fibers are dissolved to form a criss-cross latticed structure, and the operation wound is pulled to be closed. Meanwhile, the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane has certain acidity, the stimulation to the cornea is small, and the dissolved chitosan has certain characteristics of diminishing inflammation, inhibiting bacteria, resisting scars and the like. The chitosan electrostatic spinning film has good adhesion performance to the wound in the initial stage of wound adhesion, has good sealing effect on the wound, is slowly dissolved along with the prolonging of time, is discharged along with tears, can be cleaned within 3 days, and does not need to be cleaned through treatment.
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following will describe the adhesive for cataract surgery incision and the preparation method thereof in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Dissolving chitosan and gelatin with the number average molecular weight of 12w into trifluoroacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 7:3, slowly stirring until the chitosan and the gelatin are completely dissolved, adding dichloromethane solution with the volume of 30% of that of the trifluoroacetic acid solution to ensure that the concentration of the spinning solution is 10%, slowly stirring until the spinning solution is completely dissolved, sealing the solution, and standing at 4 ℃ for 24 hours to remove air bubbles in the solution for later use;
filling the obtained spinning solution into an injector, wherein the diameter of a needle head at the front end of the injector is 0.7mm, connecting the needle head of the chitosan injector with a positive electrode of an electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrostatic spinning machine to be 10cm by a negative electrode of a roller-shaped receiver, controlling the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to be 30kv, setting the rotating speed of the receiver to be 110 r/min, setting the translation speed of the electrostatic spinning needle head of the chitosan to be 0.3mm/s, setting the temperature of a spinning space to be 80 ℃, and setting the humidity to be 50 RH. Continuously spinning for 160min to prepare a chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane;
vacuum drying the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane to remove residual spinning solution, repeatedly washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, separating the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane from the tin foil paper, repeatedly washing the electrostatic spinning membrane, flatly paving the electrostatic spinning membrane on a wet cellulose acetate membrane, removing the ethyl alcohol by using high-temperature steam, quickly freezing at-80 ℃, freeze-drying, removing excessive water in the electrostatic spinning membrane, keeping a certain spatial structure of the electrostatic spinning membrane, and storing for later use after vacuum packaging by ultraviolet sterilization treatment.
The obtained electrostatic spinning membrane is placed at the incision of a sclera tunnel for closed cataract surgery to form a viscous thin membrane initially, and the viscous thin membrane is discharged with tears after 2 days, so that the anterior chamber pressure is stable during use, aqueous humor does not flow out, and no influence is generated on the corneal membrane.
Example 2
Dissolving chitosan and gelatin with the number average molecular weight of 25w into trifluoroacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 7:3, slowly stirring until the chitosan and the gelatin are completely dissolved, adding dichloromethane solution with the volume of 30% of that of the trifluoroacetic acid solution to ensure that the concentration of the spinning solution is 10%, slowly stirring until the spinning solution is completely dissolved, sealing the solution, and standing at 4 ℃ for 24 hours to remove air bubbles in the solution for later use;
filling the obtained spinning solution into an injector, wherein the diameter of a needle head at the front end of the injector is 0.7mm, connecting the needle head of the chitosan injector with a positive electrode of an electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrostatic spinning machine to be 7cm by a negative electrode of a roller-shaped receiver, controlling the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to be 25kv, setting the rotating speed of the receiver to be 130 r/min, setting the translation speed of the electrostatic spinning needle head of the chitosan to be 0.4mm/s, setting the temperature of a spinning space to be 70 ℃, and setting the humidity to be 60 RH. Continuously spinning for 180min to prepare a chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane;
vacuum drying the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane to remove residual spinning solution, repeatedly washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, separating the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane from the tin foil paper, repeatedly washing the electrostatic spinning membrane, flatly paving the electrostatic spinning membrane on a wet cellulose acetate membrane, removing the ethyl alcohol by using high-temperature steam, quickly freezing at-80 ℃, freeze-drying, removing excessive water in the electrostatic spinning membrane, keeping a certain spatial structure of the electrostatic spinning membrane, and storing for later use after vacuum packaging by ultraviolet sterilization treatment.
The obtained electrostatic spinning membrane is placed at the incision of a sclera tunnel for closed cataract surgery to form a viscous thin membrane initially, and the viscous thin membrane is discharged with tears after 2 days, so that the anterior chamber pressure is stable during use, aqueous humor does not flow out, and no influence is generated on the corneal membrane.
Example 3
Dissolving chitosan and gelatin with the number average molecular weight of 38w into trifluoroacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 7:3, slowly stirring until the chitosan and the gelatin are completely dissolved, adding dichloromethane solution with the volume of 30% of that of the trifluoroacetic acid solution to ensure that the concentration of the spinning solution is 15%, slowly stirring until the spinning solution is completely dissolved, sealing the solution, and standing at 4 ℃ for 24 hours to remove air bubbles in the solution for later use;
filling the obtained spinning solution into an injector, wherein the diameter of a needle head at the front end of the injector is 0.7mm, connecting the needle head of the chitosan injector with a positive electrode of an electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrostatic spinning machine to be 10cm by a negative electrode of a roller-shaped receiver electrostatic spinning machine, wherein the positive voltage and the negative voltage are at 20kv, the rotating speed of the receiver is set to be 100 r/min, the translation speed of the chitosan electrostatic spinning needle head is 0.2mm/s, the temperature of a spinning space is 70 ℃, and the humidity is 40 RH. Continuously spinning for 120min to prepare a chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane;
vacuum drying the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane to remove residual spinning solution, repeatedly washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, separating the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane from the tin foil paper, repeatedly washing the electrostatic spinning membrane, flatly paving the electrostatic spinning membrane on a wet cellulose acetate membrane, removing the ethyl alcohol by using high-temperature steam, quickly freezing at-80 ℃, freeze-drying, removing excessive water in the electrostatic spinning membrane, keeping a certain spatial structure of the electrostatic spinning membrane, and storing for later use after vacuum packaging by ultraviolet sterilization treatment.
The obtained electrostatic spinning membrane is placed at the incision of a sclera tunnel for closed cataract surgery to form a viscous thin membrane initially, and the viscous thin membrane is discharged with tears after 2 days, so that the anterior chamber pressure is stable during use, aqueous humor does not flow out, and no influence is generated on the corneal membrane.
Example 4
Dissolving chitosan and gelatin with the number average molecular weight of 47 ten thousand in trifluoroacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 7:3, slowly stirring until the chitosan and the gelatin are completely dissolved, adding dichloromethane solution with the volume of 30% of that of the trifluoroacetic acid solution to ensure that the concentration of the spinning solution is 12%, slowly stirring until the spinning solution is completely dissolved, sealing the solution, and standing at 4 ℃ for 24 hours to remove air bubbles in the solution for later use;
filling the obtained spinning solution into an injector, wherein the diameter of a needle head at the front end of the injector is 0.7mm, connecting the needle head of the chitosan injector with a positive electrode of an electrostatic spinning machine, adjusting the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrostatic spinning machine to be 12cm, controlling the positive voltage and the negative voltage to be 35kv, setting the rotating speed of the receiver to be 100 r/min, setting the translation speed of the chitosan electrostatic spinning needle head to be 0.5mm/s, setting the temperature of a spinning space to be 80 ℃ and setting the humidity to be 60 RH. Continuously spinning for 120min to prepare a chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane;
vacuum drying the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane to remove residual spinning solution, repeatedly washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, separating the chitosan electrostatic spinning membrane from the tin foil paper, repeatedly washing the electrostatic spinning membrane, flatly paving the electrostatic spinning membrane on a wet cellulose acetate membrane, removing the ethyl alcohol by using high-temperature steam, quickly freezing at-80 ℃, freeze-drying, removing excessive water in the electrostatic spinning membrane, keeping a certain spatial structure of the electrostatic spinning membrane, and storing for later use after vacuum packaging by ultraviolet sterilization treatment.
The obtained electrostatic spinning membrane is placed at the incision of a sclera tunnel for closed cataract surgery to form a viscous thin membrane initially, and the viscous thin membrane is discharged with tears after 2 days, so that the anterior chamber pressure is stable during use, aqueous humor does not flow out, and no influence is generated on the corneal membrane.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.