CN108208030A - 一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108208030A
CN108208030A CN201810119154.0A CN201810119154A CN108208030A CN 108208030 A CN108208030 A CN 108208030A CN 201810119154 A CN201810119154 A CN 201810119154A CN 108208030 A CN108208030 A CN 108208030A
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谢雨欣
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,通过将9‑12份黄芩提取物、1‑2份椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、1‑5份紫茎泽兰叶提取物、8‑12份莠去津以及20‑40份丙酮超声混合制得除草剂。有益效果为:本发明所公布的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法简单,条件温和,产品质量稳定性好,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤;黄芩提取条件温和,对黄芩活性成分的结构破坏小,且提取的多种活性成分具有协同作用,提高了除草剂的药效。

Description

一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域,尤其是涉及一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法。
背景技术
玉米是我国的主要粮食种植作物,多年来全国玉米播种面积一直稳定在4.5亿亩左右。玉米种植分布面广,有春玉米和夏玉米两种种植方式。田间杂草群落因当地自然条件和耕作特点而异,大致可以分为东北春玉米田草害区、黄淮海夏玉米田草害区等6个草害区。玉米田杂草发生普遍,主要杂草有马唐、稗草、狗尾草、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋、铁苋菜、香附子等。目前市场上的化学除草剂持效性短,效果差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,该方法工艺简单,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,过程为:取9-12份黄芩提取物、1-2份椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、1-5份紫茎泽兰叶提取物、8-12份莠去津以及20-40份丙酮超声混合,得除草剂。工艺方法简单,条件温和,产品质量稳定性好,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤。
作为优选,黄芩提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:首先是提取:向黄芩根粉末中加入乙醇溶液,调pH为4-5,超声提取,离心分离取上清液;接着是吸附:向上清液中加入Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,在15-25℃恒温振荡仪上振荡15-20min,磁铁分离,使溶液变为上下两相;最后为解吸附:去除上清液,将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子吸附的黄芩提取物洗脱,洗脱液经减压蒸发得黄芩提取物。该提取条件温和,对黄芩活性成分的结构破坏小,且提取的多种活性成分具有协同作用,提高了除草剂的药效。
作为优选,黄芩提取物的制备中乙醇溶液的浓度为90%-95%,黄芩根粉末与乙醇溶液的料液比为1g:3-6mL。该条件下,黄芩活性成分的提取率高,且该溶剂可以回收重复使用,大大降低了生产成本。
作为优选,黄芩提取物的制备中超声频率为35-45kHz,超声时间为20-30min。该条件下,使混合物能够形成均匀的混合物,提高了除草剂的品质,且该频率下所生成的混合物性能稳定,不易分层。
作为优选,黄芩提取物的制备中洗脱所用溶剂为体积比2-6:100的乙胺与乙醇组成的混合溶剂。该条件下,所用溶剂的洗脱效率高,大大提高了黄芩活性成分的提取率,使黄芩资源得到了充分利用。
作为优选,紫茎泽兰叶提取物的制备步骤为:首先是将干燥的紫茎泽兰叶粉碎,过50-60目筛,得紫茎泽兰叶粉末;接着向紫茎泽兰叶粉末中加入乙醇溶液浸泡2-4d,将所得提取液过滤,减压蒸馏回收乙醇,得25%-30%固体含量的浓缩物,即为紫茎泽兰叶提取物。
作为优选,乙醇溶液的浓度为90%-95%,紫茎泽兰叶粉末与乙醇溶液的料液比为1g:4-6mL。该条件下,紫茎泽兰叶活性成分的提取率高,且该溶剂可以回收重复使用,大大降低了生产成本。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:本发明所公布的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法简单,条件温和,产品质量稳定性好,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤;黄芩提取条件温和,对黄芩活性成分的结构破坏小,且提取的多种活性成分具有协同作用,提高了除草剂的药效。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例进一步详细描述:
实施例1:一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)黄芩提取物的制备:首先按料液比1g:3mL向黄芩根粉末中加入浓度为90%的乙醇溶液,调pH为4,在35kHz频率下超声提取20min,在1000rpm下离心分离4min,取上清液,接着向上清液中加入占上清液质量2%的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,在15℃恒温振荡仪上振荡15min,磁铁分离,使溶液变为上下两相,最后去除上清液,采用体积比2:100的乙胺与乙醇组成的混合溶剂将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子吸附的黄芩提取物洗脱,洗脱液经减压蒸发得黄芩提取物,该提取条件温和,对黄芩活性成分的结构破坏小,且提取的多种活性成分具有协同作用,提高了除草剂的药效;
2)紫茎泽兰叶提取物的制备:将干燥的紫茎泽兰叶粉碎,过50目筛,得紫茎泽兰叶粉末,按料液比1g:4mL向紫茎泽兰叶粉末中加入浓度为90%的乙醇溶液浸泡2d,将所得提取液过滤,减压蒸馏回收乙醇,得25%固体含量的浓缩物,即为紫茎泽兰叶提取物;
3)除草剂的制备:取9份黄芩提取物、1份椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、1份紫茎泽兰叶提取物、8份莠去津以及20份丙酮超声混合,得除草剂。工艺方法简单,条件温和,产品质量稳定性好,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤。
实施例2:一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)黄芩提取物的制备:首先按料液比1g:6mL向黄芩根粉末中加入浓度为95%的乙醇溶液,调pH为5,接着加入占乙醇质量0.01%的3,5-二羟基苯乙酮和占乙醇质量0.012%的戊酸乙酯,在45kHz频率下超声提取30min,在1000rpm下离心分离4min,取上清液,接着向上清液中加入占上清液质量2%的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,在25℃恒温振荡仪上振荡20min,磁铁分离,使溶液变为上下两相,最后去除上清液,采用体积比6:100的乙胺与乙醇组成的混合溶剂将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子吸附的黄芩提取物洗脱,洗脱液经减压蒸发得黄芩提取物,该提取条件温和,对黄芩活性成分的结构破坏小,且提取的多种活性成分具有协同作用,提高了除草剂的药效,所加入的3,5-二羟基苯乙酮、戊酸乙酯与水杨酸钠具有协同作用,显著提高了黄芩的活性成分在乙醇溶剂中生成可溶性络合物的速率,提高了黄芩的活性成分的提取效率,使黄芩资源得到了充分利用,降低了最终的成本;
2)紫茎泽兰叶提取物的制备:将干燥的紫茎泽兰叶粉碎,过60目筛,得紫茎泽兰叶粉末,按料液比1g:6mL向紫茎泽兰叶粉末中加入浓度为95%的乙醇溶液浸泡4d,将所得提取液过滤,减压蒸馏回收乙醇,得30%固体含量的浓缩物,即为紫茎泽兰叶提取物;
3)除草剂的制备:取10份黄芩提取物、1份椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、3份紫茎泽兰叶提取物、9份莠去津以及28份丙酮超声混合,得除草剂。工艺方法简单,条件温和,产品质量稳定性好,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤。
实施例3:一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)黄芩提取物的制备:首先按料液比1g:4mL向黄芩根粉末中加入浓度为92%的乙醇溶液,调pH为4,在40kHz频率下超声提取25min,在1000rpm下离心分离4min,取上清液,接着向上清液中加入占上清液质量2%的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,在17℃恒温振荡仪上振荡18min,磁铁分离,使溶液变为上下两相,最后去除上清液,采用体积比4:100的乙胺与乙醇组成的混合溶剂将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子吸附的黄芩提取物洗脱,洗脱液经减压蒸发得黄芩提取物,该提取条件温和,对黄芩活性成分的结构破坏小,且提取的多种活性成分具有协同作用,提高了除草剂的药效;
2)紫茎泽兰叶提取物的制备:将干燥的紫茎泽兰叶粉碎,过55目筛,得紫茎泽兰叶粉末,按料液比1g:5mL向紫茎泽兰叶粉末中加入浓度为92%的乙醇溶液浸泡3d,将所得提取液过滤,减压蒸馏回收乙醇,得26%固体含量的浓缩物,即为紫茎泽兰叶提取物;
3)除草剂的制备:取12份黄芩提取物、2份椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、5份紫茎泽兰叶提取物、12份莠去津以及40份丙酮超声混合,得除草剂。工艺方法简单,条件温和,产品质量稳定性好,材料易得,费用低廉,所制备的除草剂化学性质稳定,除草效果好,用药少,不污染土壤。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而并非对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此,所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴,本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法为:取9-12份黄芩提取物、1-2份椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、1-5份紫茎泽兰叶提取物、8-12份莠去津以及20-40份丙酮超声混合,得除草剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述黄芩提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)提取:向黄芩根粉末中加入乙醇溶液,调pH为4-5,超声提取,离心分离取上清液;
2)吸附:向上清液中加入Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,在15-25℃恒温振荡仪上振荡15-20min,磁铁分离,使溶液变为上下两相;
3)解吸附:去除上清液,将Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子吸附的黄芩提取物洗脱,洗脱液经减压蒸发得黄芩提取物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中乙醇溶液的浓度为90%-95%,黄芩根粉末与乙醇溶液的料液比为1g:3-6mL。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)中超声频率为35-45kHz,超声时间为20-30min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中洗脱所用溶剂为体积比2-6:100的乙胺与乙醇组成的混合溶剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述紫茎泽兰叶提取物的制备步骤为:
1)将干燥的紫茎泽兰叶粉碎,过50-60目筛,得紫茎泽兰叶粉末;
2)向紫茎泽兰叶粉末中加入乙醇溶液浸泡提取,过滤,减压蒸馏回收乙醇,得25%-30%固体含量的浓缩物,即为紫茎泽兰叶提取物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种含氮表面活性剂的除草剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中乙醇溶液的浓度为90%-95%,紫茎泽兰叶粉末与乙醇溶液的料液比为1g:4-6mL。
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CN101317588A (zh) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-10 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 紫茎泽兰提取液作为植物源农药的应用
CN102659877A (zh) * 2012-05-16 2012-09-12 湖南师范大学 一种从黄芩根中提取黄芩苷和黄芩素的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109169737A (zh) * 2018-11-07 2019-01-11 四川福思达生物技术开发有限责任公司 一种除草剂用增效组合物及其制备方法和应用

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