CN108199445A - The active equalization circuit and method of a kind of series-connected batteries - Google Patents
The active equalization circuit and method of a kind of series-connected batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN108199445A CN108199445A CN201810108788.6A CN201810108788A CN108199445A CN 108199445 A CN108199445 A CN 108199445A CN 201810108788 A CN201810108788 A CN 201810108788A CN 108199445 A CN108199445 A CN 108199445A
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H02J7/0021—
-
- H02J7/0022—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the active equalization circuits and method of a kind of series-connected batteries.The circuit includes series-connected batteries, electronic switch network, two-way DC DC modules, battery voltage acquisition module, control module, optional DC DC isolation power supply modules.Series-connected batteries are composed in series by several section accumulators, and series-connected batteries are connect with electronic switch network, and the other end of electronic switch network is connected to two-way DC DC modules, and the other end of two-way DC DC modules is connected to the output terminal of series-connected batteries.For control module by the way that one section of electronic switch network gating is controlled to need balanced battery, the battery progress charge or discharge for then controlling two-way DC DC modules to gating are balanced.The present invention is by introducing electronic switch network, accumulator arbitrary in series-connected batteries can be carried out efficient charge or discharge equilibrium by only using a two-way DC DC module, have the advantages that number of elements is few, of low cost, euqalizing current is big, control is simple, strong robustness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery management systems（BMS）Field more particularly to a kind of energy transfer formula of series-connected batteries
Active equalization technology.
Background technology
There are mainly two types of the existing modes to series-connected batteries equilibrium：Passive balanced and active equalization.It is passive balanced
Because its circuit is simple, advantage easy to control and at low cost due to be widely used, but also due to its euqalizing current is small（Tens arrive number
Hundred milliamperes）And balanced when can only charge, the problems such as additionally, there may be energy loss and difficult heat management, it is only suitable for requiring ratio
Relatively low occasion.And active equalization, not to consume energy as cost, euqalizing current is big（Order of amps）, charge and discharge can be balanced,
Can be ideal balanced way to greatest extent using the capacity of each section accumulator.Traditional energy transfer formula active is equal
Weighing apparatus circuit is divided into winged capacitance equalizing circuit, inductance equalizing circuit and transformer equalizing circuit.Fly capacitance equalizing circuit and there is equilibrium
The problem of electric current is small, and equalization efficiency is low；Traditional inductance equalizing circuit and transformer equalizing circuit there are circuit and control it is complicated,
Busy line plate bulk is big, of high cost, reliability is not high and the problems such as euqalizing current inconvenient measurement, limits its large-scale promotion
It uses.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to solve, existing active equalization circuit control is complicated, of high cost, reliability is not high asks
Topic provides a kind of of low cost, control process is simple, is easily achieved the active equalization circuit and method of series-connected batteries.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of active equalization circuit of series-connected batteries, including accumulator of connecting
Group, electronic switch network, bi-directional DC-DC module, battery voltage acquisition module, control module and optional power supply module.Institute
It states electronic switch network to connect with series-connected batteries, the control module and electronic switch network, battery voltage acquisition module
It is connected with bi-directional DC-DC module, the electronic switch network is connected by the output of bi-directional DC-DC module and series-connected batteries
It connects.
The electronic switch network includes being set on the electronic switch often saved in series-connected batteries on accumulator positive and negative electrode,
The electronic switch network controls electronic switch on or off therein by control module, can individually select series-connected batteries
In single-unit or more piece accumulator be connected to bi-directional DC-DC module；The electronic switch network can be that every section accumulator corresponds to 2
A single-pole single-throw(SPST electronic switch or often 1 single-pole double throw electronic switch of section accumulator correspondence；The single-pole single-throw(SPST electronics
Switch or single-pole double throw electronic switch can be light coupling relay or be composed of field-effect tube or other semiconductor devices
The semiconductor switch for having two-way turn-off function or the mechanical switch such as tongue tube, mechanical relay, due to the present invention
It is not high to the switching speed requirements of electronic switch, other any controllable switches for meeting resistance to pressure request and having two-way turn-off function
Device can serve as one kind of electronic switch in the present invention.
The bi-directional DC-DC module is power module being isolated by electronic transformer, having bidirectional energy transfer；It is logical
Crossing pwm signal that the control module provides or other control signals can realize that energy is transferred to other end from one end；It is double
Can have the input or output current monitoring function in itself to DC-DC module, the control module can detect bi-directional DC-DC mould
Block outputs and inputs electric current, current integration method to be used to carry out estimation amendment, while described to the SOC states of each batteries
Control module can also be by the equalization requirement that controls the input or output current of bi-directional DC-DC module to cope with different.
The battery voltage acquisition module can be directly connected to special on each section accumulator of series-connected batteries
Battery voltage sampling circuit, to it is all series connection battery tensions carry out continue sampling；Can also be connected to electronic switch net
The output terminal of network individually detects the voltage of a certain section accumulator that electronic switch network currently selects；Pass through the control module
Control electronic switch network gates all single-unit accumulators in series-connected batteries in turn, can acquire series-connected batteries
In all single-unit accumulators voltage；During charge and discharge equilibrium is performed, it can also continue detection and be currently at equilibrium state
Accumulator voltage with prevent the accumulator super-charge or cross put.
The voltage of accumulator is respectively saved in the series-connected batteries that the control module is acquired according to battery voltage acquisition module
Or electric current is output and input by detect bi-directional DC-DC module, each section accumulator being calculated using current integration method
The decision of SOC states needs which section accumulator to carry out equilibrium to, and control electronic switch network and two-way DC- according to judging result
It is balanced that DC modules carry out corresponding accumulator charge or discharge, so as to fulfill to low pressure or the charging of low SOC batteries, to high pressure or
The function of high SOC battery discharges.
The optional power supply module supplies for electron switching network, control module and battery voltage acquisition module
Electricity.
A kind of active equalization method of series-connected batteries, it is characterised in that：This method includes the following steps,
S1. control module control electronic switch network gates the batteries in series-connected batteries in turn successively, by being connected to
The battery voltage acquisition module of electronic switch network output terminal successively samples the voltage of each section accumulator, is connected
The current voltage of all accumulators in accumulator group, and calculated by current voltage and electric current and history voltage and current each
Save the dynamic internal resistance of accumulator；
S2. control module finds out the accumulator of voltage deviation series-connected batteries average voltage maximum, if the electricity of the accumulator
Pressure is higher or lower than the certain threshold value of series-connected batteries average voltage（The threshold value can be one according to the accumulator charge and discharge
The voltage value of state dynamic change）, then it is judged as needing to discharge to the accumulator or charge balancing；If the accumulator is not
Equilibrium is needed, then repeatedly S1 to S2 steps, otherwise into S3 steps；
S3. control module controls electronic switch network gating to need balanced accumulator according to the judging result of S2, starts two-way
DC-DC module is discharged the accumulator or charge balancing, and balanced according to the voltage and internal resistance dynamic regulation of the accumulator
Electric current and time for balance, time for balance can be several seconds to tens seconds according to battery capacity and euqalizing current difference；It is balanced
In the process, battery voltage acquisition module acquires the battery tension in real time, and control module handles acquisition information,
Prevent battery tension from occurring abnormal；
S4. after this time for balance, the equalization operation of bi-directional DC-DC module is closed, electronic switch network is disconnected, lays equal stress on
Multiple S1 to S4 steps；
Because one end of bi-directional DC-DC module is connected by the electronic switch network accumulator balanced with needs, other end connection is whole
A series-connected batteries play bridge beam action, energy and the accumulator of connecting of single-unit accumulator during active equalization
The energy of group being capable of two-way lossless transfer；It is stored so the active equalization process of above-mentioned series-connected batteries includes from high-voltage state
The voltage or connect from entire that cell drawing charge gives entire charged by series storage battery to reduce the high-voltage state accumulator
Accumulator group extracts charge and is charged to low-voltage state accumulator with the voltage for improving the low-voltage state accumulator.
A kind of active equalization method of series-connected batteries, it is characterised in that：This method includes the following steps,
S1. control module control electronic switch network gates the batteries in series-connected batteries in turn successively, by being connected to
The battery voltage acquisition module of electronic switch network output terminal successively samples the voltage of each section accumulator, is connected
The current voltage of all accumulators in accumulator group, and calculated by current voltage and electric current and history voltage and current each
Save the dynamic internal resistance of accumulator；
S2. control module calculates the SOC states of series-connected batteries by charge and discharge current integration method, and according to history before
Euqalizing current calculates the SOC states for correcting each section accumulator by current integration method；
S3. control module finds out the accumulator that SOC states deviate the SOC states maximum of series-connected batteries, if the accumulator
SOC states be higher or lower than series-connected batteries the certain threshold value of SOC states（The threshold value can be one according to series connection electric power storage
The value of the SOC state dynamic changes in pond）, then it is judged as needing to discharge to the accumulator or charge balancing；If it does not store
Battery needs equilibrium, then repeatedly S1 to S3 steps, otherwise into S4 steps；
S4. control module controls electronic switch network gating to need balanced accumulator according to the judging result of S3, starts two-way
DC-DC module is discharged the accumulator or charge balancing, and balanced according to the voltage and internal resistance dynamic regulation of the accumulator
Electric current and time for balance, time for balance can be several seconds to tens seconds according to battery capacity and euqalizing current difference；It is balanced
In the process, battery voltage acquisition module acquires the battery tension in real time, and control module handles acquisition information,
Prevent battery tension from occurring abnormal；
S5. after this time for balance, the equalization operation of bi-directional DC-DC module is closed, electronic switch network is disconnected, lays equal stress on
Multiple S1 to S5 steps；
Active equalization process described above include from high-voltage state accumulator extract charge to entire charged by series storage battery with
It reduces the voltage of the high-voltage state accumulator or extracts charge from entire series-connected batteries and charge to low-voltage state accumulator
To improve the voltage of the low-voltage state accumulator.
The present invention only need to use a bi-directional DC-DC module can be to accumulator of connecting by introducing electronic switch network
Arbitrary accumulator carries out efficient charge or discharge equilibrium in group, with number of elements is few, of low cost, euqalizing current is big, control
The advantages of system is simple, strong robustness；By sharing same sampling circuit to all battery voltage samplings, sampled result ensure that
Consistency and dedicated battery voltage acquisition network can be saved, this greatly improves balanced reliability, reduce circuit into
This.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of active equalization circuit embodiment one of series-connected batteries of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of active equalization circuit embodiment two of series-connected batteries of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of circuit structure schematic diagram of bi-directional DC-DC module that the present invention uses.
Fig. 4 is a kind of one flow chart of active equalization method of series-connected batteries of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a kind of two flow chart of active equalization method of series-connected batteries of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clear the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and does not have to
It is of the invention in limiting.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of active equalization circuit of series-connected batteries of the present invention, including series-connected batteries 1, electricity
Sub switch network 2, battery voltage acquisition module 3, control module 4, bi-directional DC-DC module 5.
Series-connected batteries 1 are connected in series by n sections accumulator B1, B2 ... Bn, often save accumulator anode and cathode individually
Corresponding 1 single-pole single-throw(SPST electronic switch, such as：Accumulator B1 cathode meet electronic switch K1, and anode meets electronic switch K2, with such
It pushes away, accumulator Bn cathode meet electronic switch K2n-1, and anode meets electronic switch K2n；All electronic switches form electronic switch network
2.Electronic switch network 2 is connect with series-connected batteries 1, control module 4 and electronic switch network 2, battery voltage acquisition module 3
It is connected with bi-directional DC-DC module 5, electronic switch network 2 is connected by the output terminal of bi-directional DC-DC module 5 and series-connected batteries 1
It connects；Battery voltage acquisition module 3 connects the output terminal of electronic switch network 2.
As shown in figure 3, T1 is inverse-excitation type switch power-supply high frequency transformer in figure, C1 is defeated to be connected to electronic switch network 2
The filter capacitor of outlet, R1, C2, Q1 and D1 composition primary leakage inductance peak absorbing circuit, while R1, Q1 and R2 composition electricity
Potential-divider network is hindered, the output voltage of transformer secondary output, C3, R4 and D4 can be calculated by the voltage sampled on R2 in equilibrium
Transformer secondary output leakage inductance peak absorbing circuit is formed, Q2 is primary switching tube, and D2 is primary fly-wheel diode, and Q3 is becomes
Depressor secondary switch pipe, D3 are secondary fly-wheel diode, and C4 is the filter capacitor for being connected to series-connected batteries 1, and R3 is equilibrium
Current sampling resistor, A1 are the amplifier that conditioning is amplified to the voltage on sampling resistor.Q2, Q3 are pliotron in figure
Or field-effect tube, D2, D3 are Schottky diode or Ultrafast recovery diode, D1, D4 are fast recovery diode.
For the control process of bi-directional DC-DC module 5, if to discharge battery, generated by control module 4
PWM1 signals drive Q2, close PWM2 signals and Q3 is closed, the output voltage of 4 sampling amplifier A1 of control module
Electric current and the output voltage of bi-directional DC-DC module 5 are equalized with the voltage calculating on R2, according to euqalizing current and two-way DC-
The duty ratio of the output voltage dynamic regulation PWM1 signals of DC modules 5, so as to control equalization discharge process；If battery is filled
Electricity then generates PWM2 signals driving Q3 by control module 4, closes PWM1 signals and Q2 is closed, control module 4 is adopted
Voltage calculating on the output voltage and R2 of sample amplifier A1 is equalized electric current and the input voltage of bi-directional DC-DC module 5, together
When battery voltage acquisition module 3 sample and obtain the voltage for currently needing balanced accumulator, control module 4 according to euqalizing current and
The duty ratio of the voltage dynamic regulation PWM1 signals of the balanced accumulator of current needs, so as to control charge balancing process.Also may be used
It is sent to PWM1 and PWM2 respectively to generate complementary PWM signals of 2 tunnels with dead time by control module 4 so that Q2 and Q3 alternatings
Conducting, bi-directional DC-DC module 5 is operated in synchronous rectification pattern at this time, and two-way DC- can be changed in the duty ratio for changing pwm signal
The energy flow direction of DC modules 5 is realized balanced to the charge or discharge of battery.
With reference to the flow chart of Fig. 4, balancing procedure step is as follows：
（1）The often economize on electricity cell voltage of series-connected batteries 1 is sampled：
Control module 4 controls electronic switch K1, K2 conducting, other switch OFFs, battery voltage acquisition mould in electronic switch network 2
Block 3 samples the voltage of accumulator B1, and obtained voltage is denoted as V1；Electronic switch K1, K2 are disconnected, is closed electronic switch
K3, K4, battery voltage acquisition module 3 sample the voltage of accumulator B2, and obtained voltage is denoted as V2；And so on, directly
To the voltage Vn for having sampled accumulator Bn, the current voltage V1-Vn of all accumulators in series-connected batteries 1 is obtained；And by working as
Preceding voltage and current and history voltage and current calculate the dynamic internal resistance of each section accumulator；
（2）All sampled voltages are analyzed：
Control module 4 calculates the average voltage level V of series-connected batteries 1avgAnd all battery tension V1-Vn are with connecting
1 average voltage level V of accumulator groupavgDeviation value, be denoted as | Vj-Vavg|, wherein j=1,2 ... n;
Find out the battery tension V for deviateing series-connected batteries 1 average voltage level maximumjAnd its corresponding accumulator Bj：
Maximum deviation amount can be expressed as with max function max | Vj-Vavg|, wherein j=1,2 ... n；Judge that the maximum is inclined
Whether it is more than threshold value V from amountT（VTIt is the voltage value that system gives according to the accumulator charge and discharge state dynamic change）If greatly
In threshold value VT, then illustrate that accumulator Bj needs equilibrium；Perform step（3）；If no more than threshold value VT, then do not need to be balanced, weight
Multiple step（1）.
（3）Judgement needs charge balancing or equalization discharge：
If the voltage V of above-mentioned accumulator BjjMore than 1 average voltage level V of series-connected batteriesavg, i.e. it is electric that accumulator Bj is in height
Pressure condition needs to carry out equalization discharge to it, performs step（4）；If the voltage V of accumulator BjjLess than series-connected batteries 1
Average voltage level Vavg, i.e. accumulator Bj is in low-voltage state, needs to carry out charge balancing to it, performs step（5）.
（4）Equalization discharge process：
Control module 4 disconnects other electronic switches by the way that electronic switch network 2 is controlled to be closed electronic switch K2j-1 and K2j；And
Start bi-directional DC-DC module 5 according to the voltage of accumulator Bj and internal resistance dynamic regulation euqalizing current i and time for balance t, to electric power storage
Pond Bj carries out equalization discharge；
（5）Charge balancing process：
Control module 4 disconnects other electronic switches by the way that electronic switch network 2 is controlled to be closed electronic switch K2j-1 and K2j；And
Start bi-directional DC-DC module 5 according to the internal resistance of accumulator Bj and voltage dynamic regulation euqalizing current i and time for balance t, to electric power storage
Pond Bj carries out charge balancing；
（6）After time for balance t, control module 4 closes the equalization operation of bi-directional DC-DC module 5, is then turned off electronic cutting
K2j-1 and K2j is closed, and repeats step（1）To step（6）；
In balancing procedure, battery voltage acquisition module 3 acquires accumulator Bj voltages in real time, and control module 4 believes acquisition
Breath is handled, and prevents accumulator Bj voltages from occurring abnormal；
The above method because one end of bi-directional DC-DC module 5 is connected by electronic switch network 2 with accumulator Bj, the other end with it is whole
A series-connected batteries 1 are connected, and bridge beam action is played during active equalization, and the energy of single-unit accumulator is stored with connecting
The energy of battery pack 1 being capable of two-way transfer；It is charged by extracting charge from high-voltage state accumulator to entire series-connected batteries 1
To reduce the voltage of the high-voltage state accumulator, extract charge from entire series-connected batteries 1 and charge to low-voltage state accumulator
To improve the voltage of the low-voltage state accumulator.
With reference to the flow chart of Fig. 5, balancing procedure can also be the steps of：
（1）The often economize on electricity cell voltage of series-connected batteries 1 is sampled：
Control module 4 controls electronic switch K1, K2 conducting, other switch OFFs, battery voltage acquisition mould in electronic switch network 2
Block 3 samples the voltage of accumulator B1, and obtained voltage is denoted as V1；Switch K1, K2 are disconnected, is closed K3, K4, cell voltage
Acquisition module 3 samples the voltage of accumulator B2, and obtained voltage is denoted as V2；And so on, until having sampled accumulator
The voltage Vn of Bn obtains the current voltage V1-Vn of all accumulators in series-connected batteries 1；And by current voltage and electric current with
And history voltage and current calculates the dynamic internal resistance of each section accumulator；
（2）Calculate the SOC states of series-connected batteries 1 and the SOC states of wherein each section accumulator：
Control module 4 calculates the SOC states of series-connected batteries 1 by charge and discharge current integration method, is denoted as S；And according to before
History euqalizing current by current integration method calculate correct it is each section accumulator SOC states, be denoted as S1-Sn successively respectively；
（3）SOC states are analyzed：
Control module 4 calculates the SOC of each section accumulator SOC states S1-Sn and series-connected batteries 1 in series-connected batteries 1
The deviation value of state S, is denoted as | Sj- S |, wherein j=1,2 ... n;
Find out the accumulator SOC states Sj and its corresponding accumulator Bj for the SOC states maximum for deviateing series-connected batteries 1：
Maximum deviation amount can be expressed as with max function max | Sj- S | }, wherein j=1,2 ... n；Judge the maximum deviation
Whether amount is more than threshold value ST（STIt is the SOC states that system gives according to the accumulator charge and discharge state dynamic change）If greatly
In threshold value ST, then illustrate that accumulator Bj needs equilibrium；Perform step（3）；If no more than threshold value ST, then do not need to be balanced, weight
Multiple step（1）.
（4）Judgement needs charge balancing or equalization discharge：
If the SOC states Sj of above-mentioned accumulator Bj is more than the SOC state S of series-connected batteries 1, i.e. accumulator Bj is in high electricity
Pressure condition needs to carry out equalization discharge to it, performs step（5）；If the SOC states Sj of accumulator Bj is less than series connection accumulator
The SOC state S of group 1, i.e. accumulator Bj are in low-voltage state, need to carry out charge balancing to it, perform step（6）.
（5）Equalization discharge process：
Control module 4 disconnects other electronic switches by the way that electronic switch network 2 is controlled to be closed electronic switch K2j-1 and K2j；And
Start bi-directional DC-DC module 5 according to the voltage of accumulator Bj and internal resistance dynamic regulation euqalizing current i and time for balance t, to electric power storage
Pond Bj carries out equalization discharge；
（6）Charge balancing process：
Control module 4 disconnects other electronic switches by the way that electronic switch network 2 is controlled to be closed electronic switch K2j-1 and K2j；And
Start bi-directional DC-DC module 5 according to the internal resistance of accumulator Bj and voltage dynamic regulation euqalizing current i and time for balance t, to electric power storage
Pond Bj carries out charge balancing；
（7）After time for balance t, control module 4 closes the equalization operation of bi-directional DC-DC module 5, is then turned off electronic cutting
K2j-1 and K2j is closed, and repeats step（1）To step（7）；
In balancing procedure, battery voltage acquisition module 3 acquires the voltage of accumulator Bj in real time, and control module 4 is to acquisition
Information is handled, and prevents accumulator Bj voltages from occurring abnormal；
The above method because one end of bi-directional DC-DC module 5 is connected by electronic switch network 2 with accumulator Bj, the other end with it is whole
A series-connected batteries 1 are connected, and bridge beam action is played during active equalization, and the energy of single-unit accumulator is stored with connecting
The energy of battery pack 1 being capable of two-way transfer；It is charged by extracting charge from high-voltage state accumulator to entire series-connected batteries 1
To reduce the voltage of the high-voltage state accumulator, extract charge from entire series-connected batteries 1 and charge to low-voltage state accumulator
To improve the voltage of the low-voltage state accumulator.
Embodiment two：As shown in Fig. 2, battery voltage acquisition module 3 in series-connected batteries 1 directly with often saving accumulator simultaneously
Connection, does not need to control module 4 and electronic switch network 2 is gated, it is possible to persistently carry out voltage sample to every section accumulator.
Other are identical with embodiment one.
By better embodiment of the specific embodiment of the above for the present invention, not limit the present invention's with this
Range is embodied, the scope of the present invention includes being not limited to present embodiment；All shapes according to the present invention, structure institute
The equivalence changes of work include protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of active equalization circuit of series-connected batteries, it is characterised in that：The equalizing circuit saves electric power storage for equilibrium by n
The series-connected batteries that pond is connected in series, including series-connected batteries, electronic switch network, bi-directional DC-DC module, cell voltage
Acquisition module, control module and optional power supply module；The electronic switch network is connect with series-connected batteries, the control
Molding block is connect with electronic switch network, battery voltage acquisition module and bi-directional DC-DC module, and the electronic switch network passes through
The output connection of bi-directional DC-DC module and series-connected batteries；The battery voltage acquisition module timing sampling series connection accumulator
The voltage of all accumulators in group, control module is according to the voltage that accumulator is respectively saved in series-connected batteries or is calculated each
The SOC states decision of section accumulator needs which section accumulator to carry out equilibrium to, and control electronic switch according to the judging result
It is balanced that network and bi-directional DC-DC module carry out charge or discharge to corresponding accumulator.
2. a kind of active equalization circuit of series-connected batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electronic cutting
It closes network and includes being set on the electronic switch often saved in series-connected batteries on accumulator positive and negative electrode, the electronic switch network is by controlling
Molding block controls electronic switch on or off therein, can individually select the single-unit in series-connected batteries or more piece electric power storage
Pond is connected to bi-directional DC-DC module；The electronic switch network can be that every section accumulator corresponds to 2 single-pole single-throw(SPST electronic cuttings
It closes or often section accumulator corresponds to 1 single-pole double throw electronic switch；Single-pole single-throw(SPST electronic switch or single-pole double throw electronic cutting
Pass can be light coupling relay or have two-way turn-off function by what field-effect tube or other semiconductor devices were composed
Semiconductor switch or the mechanical switch such as tongue tube, mechanical relay, since the present invention is to the switch of electronic switch speed
Spend of less demanding, other any controllable switch devices for meeting resistance to pressure request and having two-way turn-off function can serve as this hair
One kind of bright middle electronic switch.
3. a kind of active equalization circuit of series-connected batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described two-way
DC-DC module is power module being isolated by electronic transformer, having bidirectional energy forwarding function, passes through the control mould
The pwm signal or other control signals that block provides can realize that energy is transferred to other end from one end；Bi-directional DC-DC module sheet
Body can have the input or output current monitoring function, and the control module can detect the input of bi-directional DC-DC module and defeated
Go out electric current, current integration method to be used to carry out estimation amendment to the SOC states of each batteries, while the control module may be used also
To pass through the equalization requirement for controlling the input or output current of bi-directional DC-DC module to cope with different.
4. a kind of active equalization circuit of series-connected batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The battery electricity
Pressure acquisition module can be directly connected to the dedicated battery voltage sampling circuit on each section accumulator of series-connected batteries,
It can also be the output terminal for being connected to electronic switch network, individually detect a certain section accumulator that electronic switch network currently selects
Voltage；Electronic switch network is controlled to gate all single-unit electric power storages in series-connected batteries in turn by the control module
Pond can acquire the voltage of all single-unit accumulators in series-connected batteries；During charge and discharge equilibrium is performed,
It can continue to detect the voltage for the accumulator for being currently at equilibrium state to prevent from the accumulator super-charge or cross to put.
5. a kind of active equalization method of series-connected batteries, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps：
S1. control module control electronic switch network gates the batteries in series-connected batteries in turn successively, by being connected to
The battery voltage acquisition module of electronic switch network output terminal successively samples the voltage of each section accumulator, is connected
The current voltage of all accumulators in accumulator group, and by the current voltage of accumulator and the electric current of series-connected batteries and its
Historical data calculates the internal resistance of each section accumulator；
S2. control module finds out the accumulator of voltage deviation series-connected batteries average voltage maximum, if the electricity of the accumulator
Pressure is higher or lower than the certain threshold value of series-connected batteries average voltage（The threshold value can be one according to the accumulator charge and discharge
The voltage value of state dynamic change）, then it is judged as needing to discharge to the accumulator or charge balancing；If the accumulator is not
Equilibrium is needed, then repeatedly S1 to S2 steps, otherwise into S3 steps；
S3. control module controls electronic switch network gating to need balanced accumulator according to the judging result of S2, starts two-way
DC-DC module is discharged the accumulator or charge balancing, and balanced according to the voltage and internal resistance dynamic regulation of the accumulator
Electric current and time for balance, time for balance can be several seconds to tens seconds according to battery capacity and euqalizing current difference；
S4. after this time for balance, the equalization operation of bi-directional DC-DC module is closed, electronic switch network is disconnected, lays equal stress on
Multiple S1 to S4 steps；
Active equalization process described above include from high-voltage state accumulator extract charge to entire charged by series storage battery with
It reduces the voltage of the high-voltage state accumulator or extracts electric current from entire series-connected batteries and store charge charging to low-voltage state
To improve the voltage of the low-voltage state accumulator.
6. a kind of active equalization method of series-connected batteries, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps：
S1. control module control electronic switch network gates the batteries in series-connected batteries in turn successively, by being connected to
The battery voltage acquisition module of electronic switch network output terminal successively samples the voltage of each section accumulator, is connected
The current voltage of all accumulators in accumulator group, and by the current voltage of accumulator and the electric current of series-connected batteries and its
Historical data calculates the internal resistance of each section accumulator；
S2. control module calculates the SOC states of series-connected batteries by charge and discharge current integration method, and according to history before
Euqalizing current calculates the SOC states for correcting each section accumulator by current integration method；
S3. control module finds out the accumulator that SOC states deviate the SOC states maximum of series-connected batteries, if the accumulator
SOC states be higher or lower than series-connected batteries the certain threshold value of SOC states（The threshold value can be one according to series connection electric power storage
The value of the SOC state dynamic changes in pond）, then it is judged as needing to discharge to the accumulator or charge balancing；If it does not store
Battery needs equilibrium, then repeatedly S1 to S3 steps, otherwise into S4 steps；
S4. control module controls electronic switch network gating to need balanced accumulator according to the judging result of S3, starts two-way
DC-DC module is discharged the accumulator or charge balancing, and balanced according to the voltage and internal resistance dynamic regulation of the accumulator
Electric current and time for balance, time for balance can be several seconds to tens seconds according to battery capacity and euqalizing current difference；
S5. after this time for balance, the equalization operation of bi-directional DC-DC module is closed, electronic switch network is disconnected, lays equal stress on
Multiple S1 to S5 steps；
Active equalization process described above include from high-voltage state accumulator extract charge to entire charged by series storage battery with
It reduces the voltage of the high-voltage state accumulator or extracts charge from entire series-connected batteries and charge to low-voltage state accumulator
To improve the voltage of the low-voltage state accumulator.
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| CN201810108788.6A CN108199445A (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | The active equalization circuit and method of a kind of series-connected batteries |
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| CN201810108788.6A CN108199445A (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | The active equalization circuit and method of a kind of series-connected batteries |
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| CN110286327A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-27 | 北京东道科技发展有限公司 | The Centralizing inspection device of battery parameter in a kind of series-connected cell group |
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| CN112271767A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-26 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Battery management system active equalization topology circuit, equipment and system |
| CN112865232A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-05-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Active battery pack equalization circuit and control method |
| CN113484756A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-10-08 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Balanced discharge management method for storage battery pack |
| CN115189450A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-10-14 | 杭州华塑科技股份有限公司 | Battery pack balancing device and balancing method applied to energy storage system |
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