CN105515101A - Bidirectional power supply for lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Bidirectional power supply for lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN105515101A CN105515101A CN201510923065.8A CN201510923065A CN105515101A CN 105515101 A CN105515101 A CN 105515101A CN 201510923065 A CN201510923065 A CN 201510923065A CN 105515101 A CN105515101 A CN 105515101A
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H02J7/0026—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional power supply for a lithium battery pack. The bidirectional power supply for the lithium battery pack comprises a lithium ion battery pack, a capacitor C1 and an external power supply; a bidirectional half-bridge circuit is connected in series between the anode and the cathode of the lithium ion battery pack; and one end of an inductor L is connected between the drain electrode of a second MOS tube S2 and the source electrode of a first MOS tube S1, the other end of the inductor L is connected with the connecting position between the drain electrode of a fourth MOS tube S4 and the source electrode of a third MOS tube S3. The bidirectional power supply for the lithium battery pack solves the problem caused by reversal connection with the external power supply in a conventional scheme, a boot default state in the conventional scheme is that charge and discharge MOSs are conducted, when the external power supply is reversely connected, voltages borne by a power MOS is the sum of battery voltages and voltages of the external power supply, and generally, voltage breakdown is caused in case that normal voltage resistance of the MOSs is exceeded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery set charge/discharge management circuit, particularly a kind of lithium battery group bi-directional power.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of whole telecommunication service, the various technology being applied to communication network emerge in an endless stream.Optical communication technique always is one of focus that the whole communications field is paid close attention to.Equally, along with the quick growth of broadband user, in access network aspect, than traditional copper wire access technology, intelligent acess has the advantages such as area coverage is wide, long transmission distance, bandwidth are high, safety, construction maintenance cost are low, and " light entering and copper back " becomes inevitable choice.In this process, power issue becomes one of key issue affecting optical communication quality, and optical-fiber network must be equipped with the more perfect power-supply management system of performance.
Traditional communication equipment stand-by power supply is lead-acid battery, but the shortcoming that lead-acid battery has it intrinsic: and pollute, volume is large, maintenance cost is high, being replaced by the lithium ion battery of low-carbon environment-friendly has become a kind of trend.Lithium ion battery replaces lead-acid battery and needs a process, current communication equipment power supply is in order to compatible lead-acid battery and lithium ion battery, the charging voltage that system exports can make lead-acid battery be full of electricity, but may be not enough to lithium ion battery is full of, therefore in order to make communication equipment have better stand-by power supply compatible, lithium ion battery standby power system needs charging voltage to be carried out boost (i.e. low pressure charging).
In existing battery management system design, adopt MOS differential concatenation to realize the independent control of charge and discharge function for cost consideration, S1 is electric discharge metal-oxide-semiconductor, and S2 is charging metal-oxide-semiconductor, as shown in Figure 1.Its shortcoming is mainly manifested in current-limiting charge aspect:
1, when BMS is in current-limiting charge state, rush of current is large, realizes dividing equally big current with more metal-oxide-semiconductor parallel connection;
2, electrochemical capacitor heating is serious, and its useful life receives and has a strong impact on;
3, MOS is in hard switching state, turns on and off loss large, and need to configure large-area heat radiator, volume rises;
4, because the high speed break-make of power tube causes high-frequency current but not the generation of quiescent current, due to the skin effect of high-frequency current, occur that conductor overheating is serious;
5, EMI, EMC outstanding problem, is not easy to be tested by safety.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of lithium battery group bi-directional power solving the problems referred to above that original external power source reversal connection causes.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, lithium battery group bi-directional power of the present invention, comprises Li-ion batteries piles, electric capacity C1 and external power source; A bi-directional half bridge circuit is connected in series between the positive pole and negative pole of described Li-ion batteries piles; Wherein said half doube bridge circuit comprises: the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, and the drain electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1 is connected with described external charge power supply positive pole or load positive pole; The drain electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 is connected with the source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1; The source electrode of described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 is connected with described external charge power supply negative pole or load negative pole; 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3, the drain electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 is connected with the positive pole of described Li-ion batteries piles; The drain electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4, described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 is connected with the source electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3; The source electrode of described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 is connected with the negative pole of described Li-ion batteries piles; And inductance L, one end of described inductance L is connected to the junction of the drain electrode of described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 and the source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, and the other end of described inductance L is connected to the junction of the drain electrode of described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 and the source electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3.
Preferably, distinguish between the drain electrode and source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 and described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 in connector with backward diode.
Preferably, between the drain electrode and the drain electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, be connected with the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 of differential concatenation.
Preferably, distinguish between the drain electrode and source electrode of described 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and described 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 in connector with backward diode.
Preferably, described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 and described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 are N-type field effect transistor.
Preferably, described 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and described 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 is N-type field effect transistor.
Preferably, described electric capacity C1 is polar electric pole electric capacity.
Lithium battery group bi-directional power of the present invention possesses following advantage:
1, as an electric source topology, current-limiting charge is solved and moment bulky capacitor load access the impact caused, especially to short-circuit protection more rapidly, can in 10 delicate internal cutting ofves.
2, add parallel current-sharing function by control unit, pure hardware parallel current-sharing just can ensure that multiple stage battery pack is in parallel, and when software mode realizes current-sharing, number of units is unrestricted.
3, when not needing current-limiting charge function, can open the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3, closing the second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4, open the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 simultaneously, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 realizes the straight-through function identical with primary circuit.
4, the problem that original scheme peripheral reverse power connection causes is solved, default conditions of starting shooting in former scheme are the equal conducting of discharge and recharge MOS, when external power source reversal connection, it is the sum of the two that cell voltage adds outer power voltage that MOS bears voltage, usually normally withstand voltagely more than MOS causes voltage breakdown.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious.
Fig. 1 is prior art charging and discharging lithium battery main loop circuit figure;
Fig. 2 is lithium battery group bi-directional power circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is lithium battery group bi-directional power current work oscillogram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is lithium battery group bi-directional power job step exploded view one of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is lithium battery group bi-directional power job step exploded view two of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is lithium battery group bi-directional power job step exploded view three of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is lithium battery group bi-directional power job step exploded view four of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is lithium battery group bi-directional power job step exploded view five of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is lithium battery group bi-directional power job step exploded view six of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, lithium battery group bi-directional power of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some changes and improvements can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, lithium battery group bi-directional power of the present invention, increases an energy storage inductor L in the line, forms Bidirectional up-down volt circuit with two half-bridge circuit, realizes controlled voltage and current and exports, ripple voltage ripple current low (± 1%).
Under non-current-limit mode, for falling the conducting power consumption that inductance DC impedance causes, also add the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 two metal-oxide-semiconductors in circuit.When current-limit mode, the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 closes all the time.
The thermal losses Ps of system be proportional to inductive current effective value square, the effective value reducing loop current makes the target direction of control.Current work waveform as shown in Figure 3.
In each switch periods, the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1 ~ the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 all action once, on control strategy, T1 moves forward, and moves after T3, reduces further the effective value of inductive current, and then reduces loop power consumption.
In operation, each metal-oxide-semiconductor works in resonance condition (ZVS closes, and ZCS/ZVS is open-minded):
In control mode, guarantee that each switching tube is just opened during diode current flow in its body, to realize ZVS or ZCS function.
Negative biased-I0 is to necessary during the startup started performance period, and the diode of MOS coenosarc is in clamp state in addition, and when metal-oxide-semiconductor is opened, do not have diode reverse current loss, turn-on consumption is negligible.
In addition due to the existence of power tube endoparasitism electric capacity Coss, the turn-off power loss of metal-oxide-semiconductor significantly declines.This is because when turning off, parasitic capacitance Coss in parallel has delayed the time that DS (drain electrode and source electrode) terminal voltage rises, make switching tube when turning off, terminal voltage, not apparently higher than under the state of 0V, is closed under realizing no-voltage (ZVS) state.
The essence of minimum turn-off loss is the shortest turn-off time, and specific implementation is pass resistance break drive circuit being connected in series minimum resistance.
In contact section, first a metal-oxide-semiconductor is closed, then open another metal-oxide-semiconductor (interlude is determined by Dead Time) on same brachium pontis, first inductive current charges to the Coss of first power tube, discharges to the parasitic capacitance Coss of complementary MOS pipe simultaneously.This stage energy transmits between the output parasitic capacitance Coss and inductance L of two complementary power pipes.
As shown in Fig. 4 ~ Fig. 9, lithium battery group bi-directional power job step of the present invention is decomposed.
1) in the T0<t<T1 stage, diode pipe and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 conducting simultaneously in the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 body, the second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 realizes zero voltage turn-off under the impact of Cos second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2.In contact section, negative inductance L electric current I l (t) is charged to the second parasitic capacitance Coss4, simultaneously the first parasitic capacitance Coss1 electric discharge, and corresponding energy is transferred to electric capacity from inductance L.
Diode continuousing flow inductance L electric current in the body of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, starts conducting, now can open the switching tube first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1 be under ZCS/ZVS state; Because Rdon is less after first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1 opens, comparatively diode forward pressure drop is low in pressure drop, and inductance L electric current flows through from the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, and without diode in its body.
Inductance L electric current progressively rises under VL (t)=V1 effect.
2) on T1 time point, due to the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 conducting, the 4th parasitic capacitance Coss4 discharges completely, and the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 turns off under ZVS effect.Inductance L electric current charges to the 4th parasitic capacitance Coss4, simultaneously trixenie electric capacity Coss3 electric discharge, and this stage inductance L energy transferring is to electric capacity.Equally, at the diode current flow of contact section metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 association in latter stage the 3rd, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 be under ZCS/ZVS state now can open.
After 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 opens, be added in voltage VL (the t)=V1-V2 in inductance L, make inductance L electric current increase (BUCK pattern) equally or decline (BOOST pattern).
ZVS shutoff and ZVS/ZCS open and are adapted to t=T2 equally, the contact section that t=T3 is corresponding, and energy is transferred to BUCK/BOOST inductance L from parasitic capacitance Coss.
In the T3<t<T4 time period, second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2,4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 conducting, first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1,3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 closes, and electric current is in power component inner loop, and the existence of this stage is to keep the constant cycle, and negative bias current is provided, provides condition for the next pulse cycle realizes ZCS/ZVS.
Lithium battery group bi-directional power of the present invention possesses following advantage:
1, as an electric source topology, current-limiting charge is solved and moment bulky capacitor load access the impact caused, especially to short-circuit protection more rapidly, can in 10 delicate internal cutting ofves.
2, add flow equalizing function by control unit, pure hardware current-sharing just can ensure that multiple stage battery pack is in parallel, and software current-sharing number of units is unrestricted.
3, when not needing current-limiting charge function, can open the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, the 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3, closing the second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4, open the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 simultaneously, the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 realizes the straight-through function identical with primary circuit.
4, the problem that original scheme peripheral reverse power connection causes is solved, default conditions of starting shooting in former scheme are the equal conducting of discharge and recharge MOS, when external power source reversal connection, it is the sum of the two that cell voltage adds outer power voltage that MOS bears voltage, usually normally withstand voltagely more than MOS causes voltage breakdown.
Although the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; but it is not for limiting the present invention; any those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the Method and Technology content of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized to make possible variation and amendment to technical solution of the present invention; therefore; every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention; the any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all belong to the protection range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. lithium battery group bi-directional power, comprises Li-ion batteries piles, electric capacity C1 and external power source; It is characterized in that, between the positive pole and negative pole of described Li-ion batteries piles, be connected in series bi-directional half bridge circuit; Wherein
Described bi-directional half bridge circuit comprises:
The drain electrode of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1 is connected with described external charge power supply positive pole or load positive pole;
The drain electrode of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 is connected with the source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1; The source electrode of described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 is connected with described external charge power supply negative pole or load negative pole;
3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3, the drain electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 is connected with the positive pole of described Li-ion batteries piles;
The drain electrode of the 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4, described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 is connected with the source electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3; The source electrode of described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 is connected with the negative pole of described Li-ion batteries piles;
The intermediate point of two half-bridge connects inductance L, one end of described inductance L is connected to the junction of the drain electrode of described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2 and the source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, and the other end of described inductance L is connected to the junction of the drain electrode of described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 and the source electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3.
2. lithium battery group bi-directional power according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at drain electrode and the adjoint backward diode in body all in parallel between source electrode of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 and described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4.
3. lithium battery group bi-directional power according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is connected with the 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and the 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 of differential concatenation between the drain electrode and the drain electrode of described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 of described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1.
4. lithium battery group bi-directional power according to claim 3, is characterized in that, is connected in body with backward diode between the drain electrode and source electrode of described 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and described 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6.
5. lithium battery group bi-directional power according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described first metal-oxide-semiconductor S1, described second metal-oxide-semiconductor S2, described 3rd metal-oxide-semiconductor S3 and described 4th metal-oxide-semiconductor S4 are N-type field effect transistor.
6. the lithium battery group bi-directional power according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, described 5th metal-oxide-semiconductor S5 and described 6th metal-oxide-semiconductor S6 is N-type field effect transistor.
7. lithium battery group bi-directional power according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electric capacity C1 is polar electric pole electric capacity.
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| CN201510923065.8A CN105515101A (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | Bidirectional power supply for lithium battery pack |
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| CN201510923065.8A CN105515101A (en) | 2015-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | Bidirectional power supply for lithium battery pack |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107069930A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江点辰航空科技有限公司 | A kind of unmanned plane energy modulate circuit and method |
| CN107171433A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | A kind of power supply device, method of supplying power to and a kind of server |
| CN107769330A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 集美大学 | A kind of energy management of Electrical Propulsion Ship and control method |
| CN107810584A (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2018-03-16 | 因塞尔国际公司 | Battery module and the method performed wherein |
| CN108173305A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of low-temperature bake smoking set with stepping functions rapid nitriding |
| CN113315375A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-27 | 江苏阿诗特能源科技有限公司 | Bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit and method based on battery charging and discharging |
| US11322936B2 (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2022-05-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Distributed battery, battery control method, and electric vehicle |
| CN107069930B (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2024-05-31 | 浙江点辰航空科技有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle energy conditioning circuit and method |
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| CN107810584A (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2018-03-16 | 因塞尔国际公司 | Battery module and the method performed wherein |
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| CN107069930A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江点辰航空科技有限公司 | A kind of unmanned plane energy modulate circuit and method |
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| CN107171433A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | A kind of power supply device, method of supplying power to and a kind of server |
| CN107769330A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 集美大学 | A kind of energy management of Electrical Propulsion Ship and control method |
| CN108173305A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-15 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of low-temperature bake smoking set with stepping functions rapid nitriding |
| CN113315375A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-27 | 江苏阿诗特能源科技有限公司 | Bidirectional BUCK-BOOST circuit and method based on battery charging and discharging |
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