CN108198692B - 一种纤维丝电极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维丝电极材料及其制备方法。具体的制备方法如下:(1)将去离子水和冰醋酸溶液混合搅拌均匀后,向其中加入壳聚糖粉末,然后继续搅拌,并静置排出浆液中的气泡,得到浆液A;(2)向分散均匀的氧化石墨烯溶液中,缓慢加入海藻酸钠粉末,加完后,快速搅拌,并静置,排出浆液中的气泡,得到浆液B;(3)移取一滴浆液A滴在玻璃板表面,移取一滴浆液B滴在浆液A的旁边;(4)将精密镊子的两个尖头分别插入浆液A和浆液B,夹住后,向上提取,形成丝状线条;(5)将步骤(4)中得到的丝状线条在室温下静置悬挂,得到纤维丝电极材料。本发明制备的材料制备操作简便,工艺简单,速度快,条件要求低,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子功能化材料制备技术领域,具体的说,涉及一种纤维丝电极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着能源危机和环境污染不断加剧,探索开发新型环保高效的能源是人类社会可持续发展的必然选择。太阳能取之不尽用之不竭,近几十年来对太阳能的开发利用得到了较大的提高,基于以硅晶体为主的第一代太阳能电池和以碲化镉和铜铟镓硒薄膜为主的第二代太阳能电池都有较好的光电转换效率,但因工艺复杂、成本高、环境污染严重等缺点制约了两种技术的普及。1991年瑞士的Gratzel等报道的染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,DSSCs)作为第三代太阳能电池,因其成本低、易组装、PCE高等诸多优点,具有非常广阔的发展前景。
DSSCs主要由吸附染料的纳米晶TiO2光阳极、含有氧化还原电对的电解液和对电极组成。对电极的主要作用是收集外电路的电子,并将其高效快速地传递给电解质,同时催化还原I3 -。传统电极都是覆盖光敏和导电材料的平面结构,例如塑料薄膜、纺织物、纸、金属箔、导电玻璃等,虽然这些材料在过去几十年展示出较高的光电转换效率等优点,但是在可弯曲和可扭转等复杂应用环境下,需要采用新型一维纤维丝状电极。目前纤维丝的主要制备方法有:静电纺丝,化学气相沉淀,水热法,模板法等。
壳聚糖具有良好的弹性和记忆性,将其与导电材料复合可大大增加弹性。另外,石墨烯具有良好的电学性能和催化性能,常作为DSSCs中对电极材料的替代材料,可以得到理想的光电转换效率。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明的目的是提供一种纤维丝电极材料的制备方法。本发明利用不同电性化合物之间的静电作用可以快速结合形成复合物,并在抽丝条件下形成纤维丝,速度快,成本低,操作简便。
本发明的另一个主要目的是提供一种利用上述方法制得的纤维丝电极材料。
本发明可以通过以下技术方案来实现。
本发明提供一种纤维丝电极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将100mL去离子水和2~4mL冰醋酸溶液混合搅拌均匀后,向其中加入1~8g壳聚糖粉末,然后以150~1700r·min-1的转速快速搅拌0.5~4h,并静置12~24h排出浆液中的气泡,得到壳聚糖浆液,即浆液A;
(2)称取100~800mg的氧化石墨至100mL去离子水中,并超声2~6h,得到分散均匀的氧化石墨烯溶液;
(3)向分散均匀的氧化石墨烯溶液中,缓慢加入0.5~8g的海藻酸钠粉末,加完后,快速搅拌0.5~4h,并静置12~24h,排出浆液中的气泡,得到石墨烯/海藻酸钠浆液,即浆液B;
(4)移取一滴浆液A滴在玻璃板表面,移取一滴浆液B滴在糖浆液A的旁边;
(5)将精密镊子的两个尖头分别插入浆液A和浆液B,夹住后,向上提取,形成丝状线条;
(6)将步骤(5)中得到的丝状线条在室温下静置悬挂0.5~4h,得到超细纤维丝,即纤维丝电极材料。
本发明中,纤维丝电极材料的纤维丝的平均直径为0.1~2mm。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,壳聚糖的质量为3~6g。
本发明中,步骤(1)中,浆液A用四丁基溴化铵或正辛基三甲基溴化铵替代。
本发明中,步骤(3)中,海藻酸钠的质量为3~6g;浆液B用碳纳米管或富勒烯代替。
本发明还提供一种上述制备方法得到的纤维丝电极材料。纤维丝的直径为0.1~2mm。
进一步地,根据研究的需要,可以分别对浆液A、浆液B进行改性修饰,以提高纤维丝的性能。
以本发明所得的壳聚糖复合纤维丝在染料敏化太阳能电池上的应用主要包括以下步骤:
(1)通过电化学阳极氧化法将TiO2纳米管阵列附着在Ti丝表面。
(2)将步骤(1)中处理得到的Ti丝浸泡在N719溶液中,60℃恒温20小时。
(3)将本发明得到的超细纤维丝电极缠绕在Ti丝电极上,保持螺距为0.1~2mm,得到线性的DSSCs。
(4)将步骤(3)中的DSSCs放于氟化乙烯丙烯管中,两电极接通外电路。
(5)将含有氧化还原电对的电解液注入到步骤(4)中的管中,封闭管口。
和现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
①本发明通过简单抽丝的方法制备纤维丝电极,操作简便,工艺简单,速度快,条件要求低,成本低。
②本发明制备的纤维丝电极具有良好的导电性和催化性,所得纤维丝质地柔软且有弹性,既满足了作为DSSCs中对电极的要求,又可以满足在弯曲或者扭转等复杂环境下的应用。
③本发明制备的纤维丝电极材料直径为0.1~2mm,可通过调整抽丝速度来改变纤维丝的直径。
④制备步骤(1)中所述的浆液A还可以为四丁基溴化铵、正辛基三甲基溴化铵等阳离子型化合物浆液,步骤(3)中得到的浆液B还可以用碳纳米管、富勒烯等带负电且兼具催化性和导电性的离子型浆液代替,应用广泛。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中石墨烯/海藻酸钠浆液与壳聚糖浆液的放置位置。
图2是实施例1中抽丝过程图。
图3用实施例1的得到的纤维丝电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池后的C-V测试曲线。
图中标号:1-壳聚糖浆液,2-石墨烯/海藻酸钠浆液,3-纤维丝,4-精密镊子。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的研究人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例对本发明产品作进一步详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本发明中,DSSCs工作过程中,I-在光阳极被氧化态染料氧化成I3 -,后I3 -扩散至对电极接受外电路电子,被对电极催化还原为I-从而完成一个循环,在I-与I3 -之间反应涉及到两步反应:
3I2+2e-→2I3 - (1)
I3 -+2e-→3I- (2)
图3中右侧正电位的一对氧化还原峰(氧化峰(i)和还原峰(ii))对应I2/I3之间的反应(1),左侧负电位的一对峰(氧化峰(i)和还原峰(ii))则对应I-/I3 -之间的反应(2)。由此可以得出该对电极对I3 -具有催化还原作用。
实施例1
(1)移取100mL蒸馏水至250mL烧杯中,并滴入3mL冰醋酸溶液,搅拌均匀;在机械搅拌的情况下,向溶液中缓慢加入1g壳聚糖粉末,并继续以150~1700r·min-1快速搅拌3h,并静置24h排出浆液中的气泡,得到壳聚糖浆液A;
(2)称取100mg的氧化石墨至100mL容量瓶中,并超声2h,得到分散均匀的氧化石墨烯溶液,得到溶液A;
(3)移取100mL步骤(2)所得的溶液A至250mL烧杯中,在机械搅拌的情况下,缓慢加入1g的海藻酸钠粉末,快速搅拌4h,并静置12h排出浆液中的气泡,得到石墨烯/海藻酸钠浆液B;
(4)用胶头滴管移取一滴浆液A滴在玻璃板表面;
(5)用胶头滴管移取一滴浆液B滴在浆液A的旁边;
(6)将精密镊子的两个尖头分别插入浆液A和浆液B,用力夹住后以0.2m·s-1的速
度向上提取,形成丝状线条;
(7)将步骤(6)中所述的线条在室温下静置悬挂2h,得到平均直径为0.5mm的超细纤维丝,即纤维丝电极材料。
实施例2
(1)移取100mL蒸馏水至250mL烧杯中,并滴入3mL冰醋酸溶液,搅拌均匀;在机械搅拌的情况下,向溶液中缓慢加入5g四丁基溴化铵,并继续以150~1700r·min-1快速搅拌4h,并静置18h排出浆液中的气泡,得到四丁基溴化铵浆液A;
(2)称取200mg的富勒烯至100mL容量瓶中,并超声4h,得到分散均匀的富勒烯溶液,得到溶液A;
(3)移取100mL步骤(2)所得的溶液A至250mL烧杯中,在机械搅拌的情况下,缓慢加入5g的海藻酸钠粉末,快速搅拌4h,并静置24h排出浆液中的气泡,得到富勒烯 /海藻酸钠浆液B;
(4)用胶头滴管移取一滴浆液A滴在玻璃板表面;
(5)用胶头滴管移取一滴浆液B滴在浆液A的旁边;
(6)将精密镊子的两个尖头分别插入浆液A和浆液B,用力夹住后以0.1m·s-1的速度向上提取,形成丝状线条;
(7)将步骤(6)中所述的线条在室温下静置悬挂4h,得到平均直径为1mm的超细纤维丝,即纤维丝电极材料。
实施例3
(1)移取100mL蒸馏水至250mL烧杯中,并滴入3mL冰醋酸溶液,搅拌均匀;在机械搅拌的情况下,向溶液中缓慢加入8g正辛基三甲基溴化铵末,并继续以150~1700 r·min-1快速搅拌4h,并静置24h排出浆液中的气泡,得到正辛基三甲基溴化铵浆液A;
(2)称取400mg的多壁碳纳米管至100mL容量瓶中,并超声6h,得到分散均匀的多壁碳纳米管溶液,得到溶液A;
(3)移取100mL步骤(2)所得的溶液A至250mL烧杯中,在机械搅拌的情况下,缓慢加入8g的海藻酸钠粉末,快速搅拌4h,并静置24h排出浆液中的气泡,得到多壁碳纳米管/海藻酸钠浆液B;
(4)用胶头滴管移取一滴浆液A滴在玻璃板表面;
(5)用胶头滴管移取一滴浆液B滴在浆液A的旁边;
(6)将精密镊子的两个尖头分别插入浆液A和浆液B,用力夹住后以0.05m·s-1的速度缓慢向上提取,形成丝状线条;
(7)将步骤(6)中所述的线条在室温下静置悬挂4h,得到平均直径为2mm的超细纤维丝,即纤维丝电极材料。
以实施例1所得的壳聚糖复合纤维丝在染料敏化太阳能电池上的应用主要包括以下步骤:
(1)通过电化学阳极氧化法将TiO2纳米管阵列附着在Ti丝表面。
(2)将步骤(1)中处理得到的Ti丝浸泡在N719溶液中,60℃恒温20小时。
(3)将本发明得到的超细纤维丝电极缠绕在Ti丝电极上,保持螺距为0.1~2mm,得到线性的DSSCs。
(4)将步骤(3)中的DSSCs放于氟化乙烯丙烯管中,两电极接通外电路。
(5)氧化还原电对电解液注入到步骤(4)中的管中,封闭管口。
图3为实施例1得到的纤维丝电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池后的C-V测试曲线。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质和原则之内的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种纤维丝电极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将100mL去离子水和2~4mL冰醋酸溶液混合搅拌均匀后,向其中加入1~8g壳聚糖粉末,然后以150~1700r·min-1的转速快速搅拌0.5~4h,并静置12~24h排出浆液中的气泡,得到壳聚糖浆液,即浆液A;
(2)称取100~800mg的氧化石墨至100mL去离子水中,并超声2~6h,得到分散均匀的氧化石墨烯溶液;
(3)向分散均匀的氧化石墨烯溶液中,缓慢加入0.5~8g的海藻酸钠粉末,加完后,快速搅拌0.5~4h,并静置12~24h,排出浆液中的气泡,得到石墨烯/海藻酸钠浆液,即浆液B;
(4)移取一滴浆液A滴在玻璃板表面,移取一滴浆液B滴在浆液A的旁边;
(5)将精密镊子的两个尖头分别插入浆液A和浆液B,夹住后,向上提取,形成丝状线条;
(6)将步骤(5)中得到的丝状线条在室温下静置悬挂0.5~4h,得到超细纤维丝,即纤维丝电极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:纤维丝电极材料的纤维丝的直径为0.1~2mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,壳聚糖的质量为3~6g。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的纤维丝电极材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的纤维丝电极材料,其特征在于,纤维丝的平均直径为0.1~2mm。
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