CN108196060B - 可溶性E-cadherin作为癌症上皮间质转化标志物的应用 - Google Patents

可溶性E-cadherin作为癌症上皮间质转化标志物的应用 Download PDF

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CN108196060B
CN108196060B CN201711285912.8A CN201711285912A CN108196060B CN 108196060 B CN108196060 B CN 108196060B CN 201711285912 A CN201711285912 A CN 201711285912A CN 108196060 B CN108196060 B CN 108196060B
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emt
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朱淑珍
王谦
赵晓云
蔡美娟
邵凯
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Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao
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Abstract

本发明涉及可溶性E‐cadherin作为癌症上皮间质转化标志物的应用。采用外加细胞因子TGF‐β1的方法在体外诱导结直肠癌HT29及SW480细胞发生EMT,通过对经典EMT标记物(E‐cadherin、N‐cadherin及Vimentin)和细胞生物学行为(细胞划痕、Transwell小室迁移实验)等方面的检测,确定EMT模型的建立,采用ELISA方法检测结直肠癌细胞EMT过程中细胞培养上清中sE‐cadherin的水平;ELISA结果显示,结直肠癌细胞在EMT过程中,细胞培养上清中sE‐cadherin的水平增加,提示其可作为新的候选EMT标记物,预测结直肠癌转移。

Description

可溶性E-cadherin作为癌症上皮间质转化标志物的应用
技术领域
本发明属于癌症诊断、预后领域,特别是涉及上皮间质转化的癌症的预后和诊断,具体为发现新的蛋白可以用于癌症上皮间质转化诊断并应用于癌症的预后。
背景技术
肿瘤的转移是一个多步骤、多阶段、多途径、涉及多基因变化的一系列复杂过程。近年来,越来越多的研究表明上皮间质转化(Epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT)在上皮细胞恶性肿瘤的侵袭转移中发挥着重要的功能。EMT是指上皮细胞受到外界信号刺激后,细胞形态转变为间质表型的生物学过程。在这一过程中,上皮细胞失去极性,失去细胞间的紧密黏附连接,上皮标志物表达下调或缺失,而逐渐获得间质细胞形态特征以及间质标志物表达,同时增强细胞的运动能力和迁移能力。原发灶中的肿瘤细胞发生EMT离开原发灶,破坏基底膜,进入血液循环,在循环系统存活并逃脱免疫监视的肿瘤细胞最终在远处器官形成转移灶。目前研究者普遍认为EMT参与了肿瘤转移的过程,可提升肿瘤细胞的侵袭能力,还可以使细胞具有干细胞特性,抵抗某些因素诱导的凋亡。
结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer,CRC)是严重威胁人类健康的常见恶性肿瘤,是世界上仅次于肺癌和乳腺癌的第三大常见肿瘤。虽然近年来肿瘤相关研究和医疗技术都在不断的革新,但针对结直肠癌的防控收效甚微,结直肠癌患者的死亡率也没有显著降低。大约20%的患者在诊断出结直肠癌时就已经发生了远处转移,40—50%的患者在确诊时未发现转移,治疗后最终也会出现远处转移。转移严重影响结直肠癌患者的治疗效果,是导致患者死亡的主要原因。因此,积极开展对结直肠癌转移的研究,寻找结直肠癌转移相关的血清标记物,做到早期预测患者肿瘤的转移潜能,是降低患者结直肠癌转移发生率,提高结直肠癌病患生存率的关键。
目前比较公认的EMT重要关键上皮分子是上皮型钙黏蛋白(E‐cadherin),其主要作用是维持细胞间连接的稳定性,维持细胞骨架和连接支架的稳定,其表达丢失可导致细胞粘附力下降,侵袭能力增强,在动物模型中E‐cadherin的表达丢失可促进腺瘤向腺癌的转化,在具有高侵袭性的肿瘤细胞重新表达E‐cadherin后可以逆转肿瘤细胞的侵袭性,并且 E‐cadherin的表达水平还与肿瘤的分级分期呈负相关。由于蛋白酶的降解作用而引起E‐cadherin胞外结构域的脱落可导致其功能的丧失,有利于细胞迁移侵袭能力的增加。研究发现,在早期EMT过程中可观察到细胞间连接的断裂、降解。
可溶性E‐cadherin(sE‐cadherin)是E‐cadherin胞外结构的降解产物,分子量为80kDa,最早在1983年由Damsky等在人乳腺癌细胞MCF‐7无血清培养液中发现。后续研究发现在人的血清和其他体液中均可检测到sE‐cadherin的存在。自从在血清中检测到EMT关键上皮分子E‐cadherin胞外结构的降解产物sE‐cadherin的存在,便引起众多学者的关注。有报道称,sE‐cadherin在结直肠癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌等肿瘤患者血清中的浓度均明显高于正常人,在膀胱移行细胞癌患者的尿液中也可检测出 sE‐cadherin的高表达。由此可见,sE‐cadherin也许可作为一个比较理想的肿瘤血清标记物。然而,sE‐cadherin在EMT过程中的表达情况却未见报道。本发明通过构建结直肠癌细胞EMT模型,探讨sE‐cadherin在结直肠癌EMT过程中的表达变化,为sE‐cadherin的临床应用提供理论基础。。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面是体外构建了结直肠癌的EMT模型。在一个具体的实施例中,所述的模型构建是通过采用外加细胞因子TGF‐β1的方法在体外诱导结直肠癌细胞发生EMT。通过对经典EMT标记物(E‐cadherin、vimentin、N‐cadherin)和细胞生物学行为等方面的检测,确定EMT模型的建立;在一个具体的实施例中,所述的结直肠癌细胞系为HT29细胞和SW480细胞。
本发明的另外一个方面是检测模型中sE‐cadherin的表达情况。在一个具体的实施例中,所述的检测是采用ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清中sE‐cadherin的水平,分析结直肠癌细胞EMT过程中sE‐cadherin的浓度变化。
本发明使用的材料包括:人结直肠癌细胞株HT29和SW480由浙江大学医学部病理学实验室惠赠;细胞在含有10%小牛血清的RPMI1640培养液(美国Gibco公司)中,置37℃,5%CO2培养箱中常规培养。
本发明实施过程中使用的方法包括:
Western Blot方法
提取细胞总蛋白(RIPA裂解液,Beijing Solarbio Science&Technlolgy Co,Ltd),BCA法 (BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒,Beijing Solarbio Science&Technlolgy Co,Ltd)检测蛋白浓度,以每孔等量(20‐50ug)蛋白行SDS‐PAGE电泳分离,将分离后的蛋白电转移到PVDF膜 (BioRad,Hercules,CA,USA),5%脱脂奶粉封闭液中室温封闭2h,一抗4℃孵育过夜,二抗室温孵育1h,增强化学发光法显色(Millplore),并用Image J分析软件将图片上每个特异条带进行灰度分析,以目的蛋白与内参蛋白的灰度比值表示蛋白的相对表达水平。
细胞划痕实验
取处于对数生长期细胞,计数后以分别以4X105细胞/孔接种于六孔板,置于37℃,5% C02孵箱内培养,待细胞铺满六孔板后,用无菌的100ul枪头在六孔板中央划一横痕,PBS 轻柔洗三遍,清除划下的细胞;无血清培养基培养,以避免血清可能造成的细胞增殖效应; 37℃,5%C02孵箱内培养,每隔24h倒置显微镜(Nikon)观察细胞生长迁移情况,并拍照保存,最终以划痕宽度改变情况来反映细胞迁移能力的大小。
Transwell小室迁移实验
在Transwell小室的滤膜背面均匀涂布2ug/ml的纤维连接蛋白(Fn,美国BD公司),将处于对数生长期、状态良好的细胞胰酶消化后用无血清RPMI1640培养基重悬,计数,在Transwell小室(美国Corning公司)的上室中加入100ul含有1X105个细胞的悬液,在Transwell 小室的下室中加入600ul含有10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基;在37℃,5%C02孵箱内培养48h,用棉签檫去上室内的细胞,95%乙醇固定、结晶紫染色后,100倍光镜下随机挑取5 个视野计数细胞个数,取平均值代表细胞的迁移能力。
ELISA检测sE‐cadherin浓度
收集细胞培养上清,4500g/min离心5min去除细胞碎片等杂质,sE‐cadherin浓度采用Human E‐cadherin EIA Kit(99‐1700,Invitrogen)测定,具体步骤参照说明书。每份上清重复检测3次。
统计分析
采用采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析,计量资料用均数±标准差表示,配对资料采用配对t检验,以p<0.05认为有统计学意义。
附图说明
图1TGF‐β1引起结直肠癌细胞形态变化:A.HT29细胞,B.SW480细胞;
图2TGF‐β1处理结直肠癌细胞后EMT markers的表达变化
图3TGF‐β1对结直肠癌细胞迁移能力的影响:A.HT29细胞划痕实验B.HT29细胞Transwell小室迁移实验;C.SW480细胞划痕实验D.SW480细胞Transwell小室迁移实验
图4结直肠癌细胞EMT过程中上清SE‐cadherin检测:A.HT29细胞;B.SW480细胞。
具体实施方式
实施例1TGF‐β1处理结直肠癌细胞后出现形态变化
目前大部分学者采用外加细胞因子的方法在体外诱导细胞EMT的发生,而TGF‐β1是最常用也是研究最为详尽的EMT诱导因子。我们参考文献及预试验,采用TGF‐β1 10ng/ml的浓度作用于HT29细胞及SW480细胞;24h后发现HT29细胞形态发生改变(图1A),TGF ‐β1作用细胞后,部分细胞呈纺锤体形,形态变得狭长,细胞间黏附减少,细胞变得更加分散,更容易向外周迁移;我们可以看到部分细胞已经脱离细胞团并迁移到周边。而SW480 细胞并未出现以上改变,细胞形态在TGF‐β1处理前后无显著变化(图1B),这可能是因为SW480细胞呈长梭形,再施加TGF‐β1促使细胞间质化,未可在形态上出现显著变化。
实施例2TGF‐β1处理结直肠癌细胞后EMT markers的表达变化
Western blot结果显示(图2),TGF‐β1处理结直肠癌细胞后上皮标记物E‐cadherin的表达下调;间质标记物N‐cadherin及Vimentin表达明显上调,结果提示,TGF‐β1能促使结直肠癌细胞发生EMT。
实施例3TGF‐β1对结直肠癌细胞迁移能力的影响
细胞划痕及Transwell小室迁移实验检测TGF‐β1对结直肠癌细胞HT29及SW480迁移能力的影响,结果显示(图3),TGF‐β1作用结直肠癌细胞48h后,细胞迁移能力明显增加。
实施例4结直肠癌细胞EMT过程中上清SE‐cadherin检测
我们进采用ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清中sE‐cadherin的水平,分析结直肠癌细胞 EMT过程中sE‐cadherin的浓度变化。结果发现,无论HT29细胞还是SW480细胞,在TGF‐β1作用24h后,上清中sE‐cadherin水平均有不同程度增加(图4A.B,P<0.05)。由此可见, sE‐cadherin作为关键上皮分子E‐cadherin的胞外结构降解产物,伴随EMT过程表达增加,可作为新的候选EMT标记物预测结直肠癌转移。
本发明的结果提示采用外加细胞因子TGF‐β1的方法在体外可成功诱导结直肠癌HT29及SW480细胞EMT的发生,在EMT过程中sE‐cadherin表达增加,提示sE‐cadherin可作为新的候选EMT标记物,其可作为新的血清标记物预测结直肠癌转移。

Claims (2)

1.可溶性上皮型钙黏蛋白(sE-cadherin)作为上皮间质转化的标志物的应用,所述的上皮间质转化为肿瘤的上皮间质转化,所述肿瘤为结直肠癌,所述的应用为非诊断的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,所述的sE-cadherin用于制备成试剂盒。
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