CN108193722A - Strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting - Google Patents

Strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108193722A
CN108193722A CN201810194123.1A CN201810194123A CN108193722A CN 108193722 A CN108193722 A CN 108193722A CN 201810194123 A CN201810194123 A CN 201810194123A CN 108193722 A CN108193722 A CN 108193722A
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China
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rigid
model test
side slope
slope
test apparatus
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CN201810194123.1A
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CN108193722B (en
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李震
赵洪波
衡帅
于建新
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/10Miscellaneous comprising sensor means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to indoor Rock And Soil model test apparatus, are more particularly to strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting, belong to Geotechnical Engineering field.The device is by rigid reaction frame, hydraulic pump, transfer beam, roller bearing, guide rod, transmission rod, spherical bearing, rigid strip foundation, mini pile, suspending rod, displacement sensor, sample prepares case composition, strip footing model test apparatus solves the problems, such as that side slope is simulated with mini pile supporting under basic coupling condition by the side slope of the integrated micro stake supporting of the present invention, strip footing model test apparatus load output system is reliable by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting, it is highly practical, theoretical and design of its support can be served, it can be commonly used to the model test of mini pile supporting condition slope and basis interaction.

Description

Strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting
Technical field
The present invention relates to indoor Rock And Soil model test apparatus, are more particularly to bar shaped by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting Foundation model test device belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
In recent years, under the overall background of China's infrastructure construction rapid development, sometimes by the shadow of landform, economic dispatch factor It rings, needs foundation on the ground by side slope.For example, mountain highway is limited by landform, roadbed need to be arranged on side slope On other ground;When bridge crosses over cheuch or traffic lines, need pier footing being arranged in side slope top of the slope sometimes;Mountain area electric power pylon Base is normally placed in side slope and closes on ground;During opencast mining, roadbed is embedded in temporarily sometimes on the ground by side slope.Side slope Basis is built on side, on the one hand, the presence of side slope can reduce foundation bearing capacity, and on the other hand, basic overlying load action leads to side Slope deformation increase, influences stability of slope.Therefore, considered based on engineering safety, the complicated system of urgent need to resolve side slope-basis composition The interaction mechanism and stability problem of system.
Basis is built by side slope, need to ensure foundation bearing capacity and control slope deforming.Existing ground and basic engineering rule Fan Zhong does not propose to solve suggestion accordingly for the complication system of side slope-basis composition.In engineer application, with often continuing to use level land Base Bearing Capacity Formula or to level land bearing capacity formulas amendment, does not form unified method.Therefore, the basis by side slope is held The theory and experimental study for carrying power and failure mechanism relatively lag behind.
Model test is to disclose a kind of intuitive and economy method of wprks rule, on the one hand, model test can To provide basis and verification for theoretical research;On the other hand, it is tested with respect to engineering site, model test expense is relatively low.Bar shaped base For plinth as a kind of base form of special size, its length and width are bigger, and when theoretical treatment can be used as ideal plane strain model, The engineering numerical computations that the data obtained can be used under plane strain condition.Therefore, the model test of strip footing is by side slope Solve side slope, a kind of effective ways of engineering problem that basis coexists.
However, the model investigation of strip footing is less by existing side slope, it is inclined that basic stress is commonly present load when loading Heart problem, it is more prominent especially after basic overturning, meanwhile, do not have and consider that correlation is matched under the conditions of strip footing by side slope The model test equipment of the mini pile supporting of set.
In conclusion the theory and experimental study of the bearing capacity of strip footing and system stability are still insufficient by side slope, Targetedly the model test equipment of mini pile supporting, the side slope side strip footing model for researching and developing integrated micro stake supporting do not try Experiment device can provide important skill for the interaction mechanism and stability control for the complication system for disclosing side slope-basis composition Art supports.
Invention content
It is highly practical the purpose of the invention is to provide load output system is reliable, serve theoretical and design of its support Integrated micro stake supporting side slope by strip footing model test apparatus.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical measures:
The device is by rigid reaction frame, hydraulic pump, transfer beam, roller bearing, guide rod, transmission rod, spherical bearing, rigidity Strip footing, mini pile, suspending rod, displacement sensor, sample prepare case composition, and rigid reaction frame is in square arch, rigid counter-force The downside connection hydraulic pump of frame roof center, hydraulic pump lower part are contacted with connection cushion block, and connection cushion block is positioned in transfer beam, just Property reaction frame two side inner surface connect the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate and third connecting plate respectively from top to bottom, first connects One end of fishplate bar and third connecting plate is provided with threaded hole, and the both ends of transfer beam are arranged with roller bearing, and guide rod passes perpendicularly through Roller bearing, the both ends of guide rod are threadedly coupled with the threaded hole of the first connecting plate and third connecting plate, and the one of the second connecting plate The upper surface perpendicular contact of end connection displacement sensor, displacement sensor and transfer beam, the center both sides of transfer beam are arranged with A pair of of positioning spiro pit and a pair first suspend threaded hole in midair, and rigid strip foundation is much larger than the cube of width, rigidity in length The center both sides of strip footing along its length are arranged with a pair of of spherical bearing and a pair second suspends threaded hole in midair, transmission rod One end is threadedly coupled with positioning spiro pit, and the other end of transmission rod is contacted with spherical bearing, and location nut is matched with transmission rod and merged It is contacted respectively with the upper and lower surface of transfer beam, the center both sides of rigid reaction frame top plate are arranged with a pair of of suspention through-hole, suspention Bar, which passes through, suspends through-hole, the first suspention threaded hole, the second suspention threaded hole in midair, and jack nut passes through suspending rod and hangs on rigidity instead The upper surface of power frame top plate, screw thread stake holes are distributed along the length direction of rigid strip foundation, a part of screw thread stake holes and mini pile Threaded one end connection, remainder screw thread stake holes is threadedly coupled with blind bolt, and sample prepares case by organic glass, reinforcing side Plate, positioning plate, braking universal wheel are formed, and organic glass is square groove shape, and graduation mark, organic glass are decorated in organic glass surface Inside is equipped with slope ground body, and rigid strip foundation is positioned in the top of the slope of slope ground body, and each side of outer wall of organic glass leads to Fastening bolt reinforcement by connection side plate is crossed, reinforcing side plate of the case top side wall along rigid strip foundation length direction is prepared positioned at sample Rectangular sliding through hole is provided with, positioning plate is in rectangular shape, and the two sides of positioning plate being bonded with organic glass inner wall is provided with Rectangular sliding groove, locking bolt pass through sliding through hole and sliding groove, and lock-nut is located in sliding groove, and positioning plate is with reinforcing Side plate is connected by locking bolt with lock-nut, and sample prepares bottom portion equipped with braking universal wheel.
The hydraulic pump, the vertical symmetry axis for connecting cushion block are conllinear with the vertical symmetry axis of rigidity reaction frame.
The upper surface of the mini pile is concordant with the upper surface of rigid strip foundation, suspending rod, the following table of blind bolt Face is concordant with the lower surface of rigid strip foundation.
The rigid strip foundation and transfer beam is mutually parallel, and perpendicular to guide rod, transmission rod, suspending rod, hydraulic pressure Pump, mini pile.
As a result of above technical scheme, there is strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of the integrated micro stake supporting Advantages below:
The rigid strip foundation and transfer beam of 1 device are mutually parallel, and perpendicular to guide rod, transmission rod, suspending rod, micro- Type stake, and transmission rod parallel in pairs is employed, when hydraulic pump is further applied load, transfer beam can only under the constraint of roller bearing Along being moved perpendicular to the direction of rigid strip foundation, it ensure that output load direction perpendicular to rigid strip foundation, load output System is reliable.
The load output system of 2 devices has symmetry, under the action of spherical bearing, perpendicular to rigid strip foundation Output loading position be not present eccentricity issues.
3 pairs of spherical bearings are arranged in along rigid strip foundation length direction, and are symmetrical with hydraulic pump central shaft, are ensured When bearing capacity is unsatisfactory for requirement, rigid strip foundation topples, there is no turn round in the plane of length direction for rigid strip foundation Gesture is transferred toward, is reversed in plane that can only be in the width direction, problem on deformation still in the scope of plane strain, meets model test Theoretical foundation correctness.
4 rigid strip foundations set several screw thread stake holes along its length, arrange the screw thread stake holes and mini pile of mini pile It is threadedly coupled, does not arrange that the screw thread stake holes of mini pile is threadedly coupled with blind bolt, in addition, the upper surface of mini pile and rigidity bar The upper surface on shape basis is concordant, and the lower surface of blind bolt is concordant with the lower surface of rigid strip foundation, is ensureing slope ground Body is not in the case that threadingly stake holes is overflowed, and the arrangement form of mini pile is more flexible, and mini pile is introduced as design of its support Experimental basis is provided, on the other hand, is connect by blind bolt with whole screw thread stake holes, the non-supporting of mini pile can be simulated Operating mode tests type more horn of plenty.
5 organic glasses provide convenience for observation slope ground body destructive process, and organic glass surface is according to side slope rock Soil deformation property portrays corresponding size scale line, has expanded the means and method of deformation measurement.
6 according to the Slope face angle and rigid strip foundation of setting with a distance from the shoulder of slope, running fix plate until meet will After asking, by locking bolt and lock-nut connected positioning plate with reinforcing side plate, successively fill, be compacted slope ground body, obtain Side slope surface it is parallel with positioning plate, so the design of positioning plate cause side slope prepare it is more convenient, more reliable.
Strip footing model test apparatus solves side slope and basic coupling by the side slope of the integrated micro stake supporting of the present invention The problem that mini pile supporting is simulated under the conditions of conjunction, the side slope side strip footing model test apparatus load of integrated micro stake supporting are defeated It is reliable to go out system, it is highly practical, theoretical and design of its support can be served, mini pile supporting condition slope and base can be commonly used to The model test of plinth interaction.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is strip footing model test apparatus structure diagram by the side slope of the integrated micro stake supporting of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is strip footing model test apparatus side view by the side slope of the integrated micro stake supporting of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, sees attached drawing.
Strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting, the device is by rigid reaction frame 2, hydraulic pump 16th, transfer beam 18, roller bearing 7, guide rod 8, transmission rod 14, spherical bearing 15, rigid strip foundation 27, mini pile 24, outstanding Sunpender 21, displacement sensor 6, sample prepare case composition.
Rigid reaction frame 2 is in square arch, the downside connection hydraulic pump 16 of rigid 2 roof center of reaction frame, under hydraulic pump 16 Portion is contacted with connection cushion block 17, and connection cushion block 17 is positioned in transfer beam 18, hydraulic pump 16, the vertical symmetry axis for connecting cushion block 17 It is conllinear with the vertical symmetry axis of rigid reaction frame 2.The first connection of connection respectively from top to bottom of rigid 2 two side inner surface of reaction frame Plate 3, the second connecting plate 4 and third connecting plate 5.One end of first connecting plate 3 and third connecting plate 5 is provided with threaded hole, transfer beam 18 both ends are arranged with roller bearing 7, and guide rod 8 passes perpendicularly through roller bearing 7, the both ends of guide rod 8 and the first connecting plate 3 It is threadedly coupled with the threaded hole of third connecting plate 5, for ensureing that transfer beam 18 only has the degree of freedom of vertical direction.Second connecting plate 4 one end connection displacement sensor 6, displacement sensor 6 and the upper surface perpendicular contact of transfer beam 18, displacement sensor 6 are used for Measure the vertical displacement of transfer beam 18.
The center both sides of transfer beam 18 are arranged with a pair of of positioning spiro pit 12 and a pair first suspends threaded hole 22, rigidity in midair Strip footing 27 is much larger than the cube of width in length, and the center both sides of rigid strip foundation 27 along its length are arranged with A pair of of spherical bearing 15 and a pair second suspend threaded hole 28 in midair, and one end of transmission rod 14 is threadedly coupled with positioning spiro pit 12, pass The other end of power bar 14 is contacted with spherical bearing 15, location nut 13 and transmission rod 14 match merge respectively with transfer beam 18 it is upper, Lower surface contacts, and location nut 13 is used for the upper and lower position of the fixing force transfer beam 18 after transfer beam 18 is moved to elemental height.Just Property 2 top plate of reaction frame center both sides be arranged with a pair of of suspention through-hole 20, suspending rod 21 passes through suspention through-hole 20, first to suspend in midair Threaded hole 22, second suspends threaded hole 28 in midair, and the lower surface of suspending rod 21 is concordant with the lower surface of rigid strip foundation 27, suspends spiral shell in midair Mother 1 passes through suspending rod 21 and hangs on the upper surface of rigid 2 top plate of reaction frame.Length of the screw thread stake holes 23 along rigid strip foundation 27 Directional spreding is spent, a part of screw thread stake holes 23 is connect with the threaded one end of mini pile 24, remainder screw thread stake holes 23 and closing Bolt 26 is threadedly coupled, and the upper surface of mini pile 24 is concordant with the upper surface of rigid strip foundation 27, the following table of blind bolt 26 Face is concordant with the lower surface of rigid strip foundation 27.
Rigid strip foundation 27 and transfer beam 18 are mutually parallel, and perpendicular to guide rod 8, transmission rod 14, suspending rod 21, liquid Press pump 16, mini pile 24.
Sample prepares case and is made of organic glass 31, reinforcing side plate 30, positioning plate 19, braking universal wheel 11, organic glass 31 are square groove shape, and graduation mark is decorated on 31 surface of organic glass, and 31 inside of organic glass is equipped with slope ground body 25, rigidity bar Shape basis 27 is positioned in the top of the slope of slope ground body 25, and each side of outer wall of organic glass 31 passes through 10 reinforcement by connection of fastening bolt Side plate 30, the reinforcing side plate 30 for preparing case top side wall along 27 length direction of rigid strip foundation positioned at sample are provided with rectangular Sliding through hole 32, positioning plate 19 are in rectangular shape, and the two sides of positioning plate 19 being bonded with 31 inner wall of organic glass is provided with rectangular The sliding groove 33 of shape, locking bolt 9 pass through sliding through hole 32 and sliding groove 33, and lock-nut 29 is located in sliding groove 33, position Plate 19 is connect with reinforcing side plate 30 by locking bolt 9 and lock-nut 29.Sample prepares bottom portion equipped with braking universal wheel 11.
The present invention operation principle be:
(1) hydraulic pump 16 to pressure head is adjusted to rise into contraction state, the peak of rotation jack nut 1 to suspending rod 21, Rotational positioning nut 13 and the upper-lower position of adjusting transfer beam 18 are until rigid strip foundation 27 reaches elemental height, rotation power transmission Bar 14 simultaneously ensures that its lower surface is contacted with spherical bearing 15, rotational positioning nut 13 and clamps transfer beam 18 again, rotation suspention Nut 1 is contacted to the lower surface of jack nut 1 with the upper surface of rigid reaction frame 2, at this point, rigid strip foundation 27 is in design Height is simultaneously suspended state.
(2) according to the quantity and Position Design of mini pile 24, mini pile 24 is installed successively, and meet the upper table of mini pile 24 Face is concordant with the upper surface of rigid strip foundation 27, and blind bolt 26 is installed, and meet envelope in the position of residual thread stake holes 23 The lower surface for closing bolt 26 is concordant with the lower surface of rigid strip foundation 27.
(3) adjusting the brake switch of braking universal wheel 11 can roll to universal wheel 11 is braked, and promotion sample prepares case to setting Position is counted, adjust the brake switch of braking universal wheel 11 and ensures that braking universal wheel 11 can not roll.
(4) position of positioning plate 19 is adjusted, and meets the design level of Slope face angle and rigid strip foundation from slope shoulder The requirement of distance, rotary locking bolt 9, by locking bolt 9 and the connection of lock-nut 29 and stationary positioned plate 19 is with reinforcing side Plate 30.
(5) layering filling slope ground body 25 and compaction in layers in case are prepared to sample, until slope ground body 25 reaches Design height position, at this point, slope ground body 25 is contacted with rigid strip foundation 27.
(6) rotation jack nut 1 adjusts hydraulic pump 16 and is contacted to pressure head with connection cushion block 17 to the peak of suspending rod 21 And no pressure, displacement sensor 6 is adjusted to its upper surface perpendicular contact with transfer beam 18, resets 6 reading of displacement sensor.
(7) it pressurizes to hydraulic pump 16 and reads hydraulic pressure value, while read the numerical value of displacement sensor 6, until basis and side The system of slope composition generates failure by shear, obtains Load-Deflection curve, the destructive process of slope ground body 25 in record experiment.

Claims (4)

1. strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting, it is characterised in that:The device is by rigid counter-force Frame (2), hydraulic pump (16), transfer beam (18), roller bearing (7), guide rod (8), transmission rod (14), spherical bearing (15), just Property strip footing (27), mini pile (24), suspending rod (21), displacement sensor (6), sample prepare case composition, rigid reaction frame (2) in square arch, the downside connection hydraulic pump (16) of rigid reaction frame (2) roof center, hydraulic pump (16) lower part and connection gasket Block (17) contacts, and connection cushion block (17) is positioned in transfer beam (18), and rigid reaction frame (2) two side inner surface divides from top to bottom The first connecting plate (3), the second connecting plate (4) and third connecting plate (5), the first connecting plate (3) and third connecting plate (5) are not connected One end be provided with threaded hole, the both ends of transfer beam (18) are arranged with roller bearing (7), and guide rod (8) passes perpendicularly through roller axle It holds (7), the both ends of guide rod (8) are threadedly coupled with the threaded hole of the first connecting plate (3) and third connecting plate (5), the second connection One end connection displacement sensor (6) of plate (4), displacement sensor (6) and the upper surface perpendicular contact of transfer beam (18), transfer beam (18) center both sides are arranged with a pair of of positioning spiro pit (12) and a pair first suspends threaded hole (22), rigid strip foundation in midair (27) cube of width is much larger than in length, the center both sides of rigid strip foundation (27) along its length are arranged with a pair Spherical bearing (15) and a pair second suspend threaded hole (28) in midair, and one end and positioning spiro pit (12) screw thread of transmission rod (14) connect Connect, the other end of transmission rod (14) is contacted with spherical bearing (15), location nut (13) and transmission rod (14) with merge respectively and The upper and lower surface contact of transfer beam (18), the center both sides of rigid reaction frame (2) top plate are arranged with a pair of of suspention through-hole (20), suspending rod (21) suspends spiral shell in midair across suspention through-hole (20), the first suspention threaded hole (22), the second suspention threaded hole (28) Female (1) is across suspending rod (21) and hangs on the upper surface of rigid reaction frame (2) top plate, and screw thread stake holes (23) is along rigid bar shaped base The length direction distribution of plinth (27), a part of screw thread stake holes (23) connect with the threaded one end of mini pile (24), remainder spiral shell Line stake holes (23) is threadedly coupled with blind bolt (26), and sample prepares case by organic glass (31), reinforcing side plate (30), positioning plate (19), braking universal wheel (11) is formed, and organic glass (31) is square groove shape, and graduation mark is decorated on organic glass (31) surface, On the inside of organic glass (31) top of the slope of slope ground body (25) is positioned over equipped with slope ground body (25), rigid strip foundation (27) On, each side of outer wall of organic glass (31) prepares case side wall by fastening bolt (10) reinforcement by connection side plate (30) positioned at sample Top is provided with rectangular sliding through hole (32), positioning plate along the reinforcing side plate (30) of rigid strip foundation (27) length direction (19) in rectangular shape, the two sides of positioning plate (19) being bonded with organic glass (31) inner wall is provided with rectangular sliding groove (33), for locking bolt (9) across sliding through hole (32) and sliding groove (33), lock-nut (29) is fixed in sliding groove (33) Position plate (19) is connect with reinforcing side plate (30) by locking bolt (9) and lock-nut (29), and sample prepares bottom portion equipped with system Dynamic universal wheel (11).
2. strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting according to claim 1, feature exist In:The hydraulic pump (16), the vertical symmetry axis of connection cushion block (17) are conllinear with the vertical symmetry axis of rigidity reaction frame (2).
3. strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting according to claim 1, feature exist In:The upper surface of the mini pile (24) is concordant with the upper surface of rigid strip foundation (27), suspending rod (21), blind bolt (26) lower surface is concordant with the lower surface of rigid strip foundation (27).
4. strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting according to claim 1, feature exist In:The rigid strip foundation (27) and transfer beam (18) is mutually parallel, and perpendicular to guide rod (8), transmission rod (14), outstanding Sunpender (21), hydraulic pump (16), mini pile (24).
CN201810194123.1A 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 Side slope side strip foundation model test device for integrated miniature pile support Active CN108193722B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810194123.1A CN108193722B (en) 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 Side slope side strip foundation model test device for integrated miniature pile support

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810194123.1A CN108193722B (en) 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 Side slope side strip foundation model test device for integrated miniature pile support

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CN108193722B CN108193722B (en) 2023-09-29

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104314109A (en) * 2014-10-30 2015-01-28 神华集团有限责任公司 Experiment device of simulation pile box
CN104931195A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-09-23 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 Calibrating device for high-precision optical fiber pressure sensor and calibrating method
CN205246459U (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-05-18 杭州邦威机电控制工程有限公司 Electricity liquid servo control civil engineering array loading structural test system
CN106836318A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-06-13 山东大学 Study the combined type proportional loading experimental rig and method of pile-soil interaction
CN107228791A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-03 同济大学 A kind of friction pile reinforcing side slope visible model testing device and test method
CN208009502U (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-10-26 河南理工大学 Strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104314109A (en) * 2014-10-30 2015-01-28 神华集团有限责任公司 Experiment device of simulation pile box
CN104931195A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-09-23 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 Calibrating device for high-precision optical fiber pressure sensor and calibrating method
CN205246459U (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-05-18 杭州邦威机电控制工程有限公司 Electricity liquid servo control civil engineering array loading structural test system
CN106836318A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-06-13 山东大学 Study the combined type proportional loading experimental rig and method of pile-soil interaction
CN107228791A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-03 同济大学 A kind of friction pile reinforcing side slope visible model testing device and test method
CN208009502U (en) * 2018-03-09 2018-10-26 河南理工大学 Strip footing model test apparatus by the side slope of integrated micro stake supporting

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