CN108193102B - Al-Mg alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Mg alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108193102B CN108193102B CN201810030853.8A CN201810030853A CN108193102B CN 108193102 B CN108193102 B CN 108193102B CN 201810030853 A CN201810030853 A CN 201810030853A CN 108193102 B CN108193102 B CN 108193102B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Al-Mg alloys, its chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.4%~0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al；Alternatively, micro Be element can also be contained in its chemical component.The present invention designs by the rational proportion of alloy compositions and has obtained one kind without cold work, that is, can reach high-intensitive Al-Mg alloy, relative to 5052 classical series A l-Mg alloys with good mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials and its manufacturing field, in particular to a kind of Al-Mg alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Aluminium-magnesium alloy corrosion stability with higher, good weldability and preferable moulding, belonging to heat treatment can not strengthen
Alloy.At different temperature, biggish solid solubility changes although magnesium is in aluminium, actually alloy does not have apparent timeliness
Invigoration effect, this is because coherence strengthening effect does not occur for the cenotype β ' and matrix that are formed in quenching, timeliness.So this kind of conjunction
Jin Jun does not use quenching, aging process to improve the intensity of alloy, its product is generally annealed condition or flow harden state,
Squeeze wood improves the strength of materials often through cold working in actual production process, but special-shaped extrusion material can not carry out flow harden
Processing, while certain intensity is required again, however under conditions of without cold working, the intensity of such Al-Mg alloy
It is lower, be difficult to intensity requirement needed for reaching products application, application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of Al-Mg alloy materials of high intensity.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of Al-Mg alloy, based on mass percentage, chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.4%~
0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti
≤ 0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al；
Alternatively, its chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.4%~0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~
0.35%, Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%,
Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al.
In wherein some embodiments, chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg2.0%~
2.5%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%,
Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al；
Alternatively, its chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg 2.0%~2.5%, Cr 0.05
~0.35%, Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti
≤ 0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al.
In wherein some embodiments, chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Cu
0.14%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤
0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al.
In wherein some embodiments, chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Mn
0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.14%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to <
0.15%, surplus Al.
The object of the invention is also to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned Al-Mg alloy, specific technical solution is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of Al-Mg alloy, comprising the following steps:
(1) prepare raw material by above-mentioned mass percentage；
(2) raw material is subjected to heating fusing, alloying, obtains aluminum melt A；
(3) the aluminum melt A refined, skimmed, obtain aluminum melt B；
(4) the aluminum melt B stood, degasification and filtered, semicontinuous water cooling casting, obtain alloy cast ingot；
(5) alloy cast ingot is subjected to Homogenization Treatments, on-line solution squeezes, press quenching is cooling, obtained rods and bars of aluminium alloy；
(6) by the rods and bars of aluminium alloy carry out artificial aging processing to get.
In wherein some embodiments, step (5) Homogenization Treatments are two-step homogenization technique.
In wherein some embodiments, the bipolar homogenization process is the following steps are included: be heated to 530 for alloy cast ingot
± 5 DEG C after heat preservation 3-5 hours, are warming up to 560 ± 5 DEG C of heat preservations 5-7 hours.
In wherein some embodiments, the condition of step (5) the on-line solution extruding are as follows: temperature is 490-510 DEG C, is squeezed
Pressure ratio is 50-70, extrusion speed 5-7mm/s.
In wherein some embodiments, the cooling speed of step (5) press quenching is 38-42 DEG C/s.
In wherein some embodiments, step (6) artificial aging processing, aging temp is 165-175 DEG C, when timeliness
Between be 9-11 hours.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the following advantages:
The present inventor by a large amount of creative work, this by the rational design to alloy compositions and proportion,
A small amount of Si element is added in alloy compositions, the part Mg in the alloy being prepared and Si element form small and dispersed
Mg2Si hardening constituent, so that alloy can be obtained one kind and need not move through cold working there are certain Second Phase Precipitation strengthening effect
Have high-intensitive Al-Mg alloy, in terms of intensity relative to the with the obvious advantage of classical Al-Mg alloy, conventional 5051,
5052-H112 state Al-Mg strength of alloy can be improved intensity using the manufacturing method of the present invention in 170-190Mpa
To 260-300Mpa, and elongation percentage also complies with requirement, solves typical 5052 aluminium alloy deformed bar because that can not be cold worked
And the problem of intensity deficiency.
The present invention designs and controls the constituent content of Cu, Mn and Cr element, so that Cu mainly exists with solid solution condition, is mentioning
While high alloy intensity, the addition of Mn and Cr are additionally favorable for the raising of alloy material corrosion resistance, and improve body metal and
Weld strength reduces alloy material welding hot crack tendency.
Further, micro Be element is added into alloy material of the present invention, can be formed and be caused on aluminum melt surface layer
Close oxidation film reduces the scaling loss and pollution of alloy, improves the pure of material so that alloy be made to have good anti-oxidation function
Degree and founding quality, while the surface quality of ingot casting is influenced, pile displacement is reduced, the segregation layer tissue thickness of ingot casting is reduced, is reduced
Aluminium bar homogeneous and the oxidation for squeezing segregation layer when heating are precipitated, and have no significant effect to mechanical properties such as the intensity of alloy, elongation percentage.
Detailed description of the invention
It is raised plus after the heating of the aluminium bar of Be element to generate black in Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 be add micro Be element aluminium bar heating after appearance.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of Al-Mg alloys and preparation method thereof, application with reference to specific embodiments illustrates the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Al-Mg alloy described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, including following components:
Si 0.44%, Mg 2.1%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.04%, surplus Al；Wherein, it controls miscellaneous
Fe≤0.12% in matter, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, and other impurities total amount < 0.15%.
The raw material for preparing above-mentioned Aluminium Alloy Extruded Bar are as follows:
Aluminium ingot: using the trade mark for the aluminium ingot of Al99.7, and the mass percent of Al is 99.70% or more in aluminium ingot, meets mark
Quasi- GB/T 1196-2008 " remelting aluminium ingot "；
Magnesium ingot: using the trade mark for the magnesium ingot of Mg9990, and the mass percent of Mg is 99.9% or more in magnesium ingot, complies with standard
GB/T 3499-2003 " primary magnesium ingot "；
Alusil alloy: using silicon metal and alusil alloy, and wherein the mass percent of alusil alloy is 20%, complies with standard
GB/T 282-2000 " aluminium intermediate alloy ingot "；
Copper uses aluminium copper, AlCu40；Beryllium uses aluminium beryllium alloy AlBe3；Manganese uses AlMn10, and chromium uses AlCr2；
Refining agent: using the trade mark for the granular refining agent of PROMAG RI, complies with standard YS/T491-2005 " deformation aluminium and aluminium
Alloy flux "；
Refinery gas: using high-purity argon gas, and purity, that is, percentage by volume is >=99.999%；
Melting online processing gas: using high-purity argon gas, and purity, that is, percentage by volume is >=99.999%.
Above-mentioned raw materials are put into heat accumulating type flame reflective energy-saving furnace in order and carry out heating smelting, fuel is using natural
Gas, process flow are as shown in Figure 1, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) prepare raw material according to above-mentioned mass percent meter；
(2) aluminium ingot in above-mentioned raw materials shove charge: is packed into heat accumulating type flame reflective energy-saving furnace.
(3) heating fusing: in-furnace temperature is controlled at 760 DEG C, is completely melt aluminium ingot.
(4) alloying: being added above-mentioned magnesium ingot, alusil alloy, manganese agent and chromium agent in the aluminium ingot being completely melt to step (3),
And stirring makes its fusing, carries out preliminary alloying, obtains aluminum melt A；
(5) it refines: refining agent being added in the aluminum melt A that step (4) obtains, dosage is 2kg/ tons of aluminum melt A, refining temperature
Degree is 720 DEG C, and refining time is 30 minutes；Refining while by furnace bottom air brick be passed through into aluminum melt high-purity argon gas into
Row stirring, exhaust, then skim, obtain aluminum melt B；Specifically, the pressure of high-purity argon gas is controlled in 0.05~0.1MPa, flow control
System was at 12L/ minutes.
The above-mentioned aluminum melt B that obtains further includes the steps that trimming: the aluminum melt B that will be obtained carries out chemical composition analysis,
If alloying component within the above range, by trimming, alloying component is not controlled in above-mentioned range.The step for
For preferred steps.
(6) aluminum melt stewing process: is stood 30 minutes.
(7) online box degasification: dehydrogenation is carried out using external box of furnace formula depassing unit, the control of aluminum melt hydrogen content exists
Below 0.18ml/100g aluminium.
(8) online double-stage filtering: double-stage filtering system is used, is specifically filtered using two piece of 70 mesh foamed ceramic panel.
(9) it casts: being cast using semicontinuous water cooling casting method, casting temperature is controlled at 700 DEG C, obtains alloy cast ingot.
(10) Homogenization Treatments: using two-step homogenization technique, after 540 ± 5 DEG C keep the temperature 4 hours, is warming up to 560 ± 5
DEG C heat preservation 6 hours.
(11) it is rapidly cooled to room temperature with water mist.
(12) on-line solution squeezes: being heated to 500 DEG C by aluminum-bar heating furnace, extrusion ratio 60, extrusion speed is (before master cylinder
Into speed) 6mm/s, press quenching cooling rate is 40 DEG C/s, and the solid bar that diameter is 20mm is made.
(13) artificial aging is handled: aging temp is 170 DEG C, and aging time is 10 hours, obtains target product.
Wherein, the processing steps such as above-mentioned two-step homogenization technique, on-line solution extruding and artificial aging and alloy compositions match
Reasonable cooperation so that bar is in extrusion process, Si and Mg element forms supersaturated solid solution in aluminum substrate, in artificial aging
Dispersed and tiny Mg is precipitated into2Si hardening constituent, to improve intensity.It is higher than moreover, two-step homogenization technique also can avoid heating temperature
The fusing point of low melting point eutectic makes low melting point eutectic phase and crystal boundary remelt, prevents alloy material caused by burning from stomata bubble, mechanics occur
Performance decline；It avoids heating temperature to cause low melting point eutectic that eutectic dissolution reaction mutually occurs simultaneously, produces aluminate, from
And material is made to be easy to generate micro-crack at inclusion defects when deformation occurs, thus the defects of reducing the mechanical property of material.
Embodiment 2
Al-Mg alloy described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, including following components: Si 0.53%, Mg
2.4%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.14%, surplus Al；Wherein, Fe≤0.12% in control impurity, Ti≤
0.10%, Zn≤0.05, and other impurities total amount < 0.15%.
The raw material and specific process step that the present embodiment uses are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
Al-Mg alloy described in the present embodiment, component further include Be 0.0001%~0.005%, remaining component and implementation
Example 2 is identical, and the raw material and specific process step of use are also same as Example 2.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example using conventional 5052 alloys, 5052-H32 as a comparison, by mass percentage, including with the following group
Point: Mg 2.4%, Mn 0.02%, Cr 0.18%, Cu 0.0085%, Zn 0.018% and Fe 0.15%, preparation process with
Embodiment 2 is identical.
Comparative example 2
Al-Mg alloy described in this comparative example, hundred content of quality of included Si are 1.5%, remaining component and implementation
Example 2 is identical, and the raw material and specific process step of use are same as Example 2.
Following detection will be carried out using processing step described in above-described embodiment, comparative example, alloy product before and after the processing:
According to GB/T 228.1-2010 " metal material stretching test part 1: room temperature test method " to embodiment, right
The bar of ratio carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test result is shown in Table 1, standard GB/T/T6892-2006 " general industry aluminium and
Aluminum alloy extrusion section bar " the mechanical property standard of comparative alloy 5051A-H112 and 5052-H112 are given, it is shown in Table 1.
1 mechanical experimental results of table
According to experimental result it is found that being compared with 5051A-H112 national standard, 1 alloy strength ratio of embodiment of the present invention
Be higher by 75.33%, yield strength is higher by 264.28%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 33.57%；2 alloy strength of embodiment is than it
It is higher by 98.54%, yield strength is higher by 301.78%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 4.29%；3 alloy strength ratio of embodiment is higher by
99.35%, yield strength is higher by 303.52%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 9.29；Comprehensive mechanical property is apparently higher than 5151A alloy
National standard.
Wherein, embodiment 3, can be in material founding and casting relative to the Be 0.0001%~0.005% of embodiment more than 2
Fine and close oxidation film, which is formed, in aluminium melt surface face in the process improves the degree of purity of material to reduce the oxidation of aluminum melt
With founding quality, while the surface quality of ingot casting is influenced, reduce pile displacement, reduce the segregation layer tissue thickness of ingot casting, reduces aluminium
Stick homogeneous and the oxidation for squeezing segregation layer when heating are precipitated.After the aluminium bar heating for adding micro Be element, surface is smooth,
Referring to fig. 2.And the aluminium bar heating rear surface for being not added with Be element influences to squeeze there may be black oxide as shown in Figure 1
The exterior quality of product.
Alloy described in comparative example 1 is the Al-Mg alloy that the trade mark is 5052-H32 classics, relative to the embodiment of the present invention 1
The alloy, the Al-Mg alloy of comparative example 1 do not contain Si element and Cu element in component；Embodiment 1 is than 1 alloy of comparative example
Intensity is higher by 14%, and yield strength is higher by 15%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 87%.
The content of Si is added not in suitable range in alloy described in comparative example 2, although its alloy material being prepared into is strong
Degree is very big, but its elongation percentage is extremely low, does not meet national standard, is unable to satisfy actual production requirement.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention therefore cannot be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to guarantor of the invention
Protect range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Al-Mg alloy, which is characterized in that
Its chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg 2.0%~2.5%, Cr 0.05~0.35%,
Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%,
Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al；
Preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) heating fusing, alloying will be carried out with the raw material of chemical component mass percent, obtains aluminum melt A；
(2) the aluminum melt A refined, skimmed, obtain aluminum melt B；
(3) the aluminum melt B stood, degasification and filtered, semicontinuous water cooling casting, obtain alloy cast ingot；
(4) alloy cast ingot is subjected to Homogenization Treatments, on-line solution squeezes, press quenching is cooling, obtained rods and bars of aluminium alloy；
The Homogenization Treatments are two-step homogenization technique；The two-step homogenization technique is the following steps are included: by alloy cast ingot
After being heated to 530 ± 5 DEG C of heat preservations 3-5 hours, it is warming up to 560 ± 5 DEG C of heat preservations 5-7 hours；
(5) by the rods and bars of aluminium alloy carry out artificial aging processing to get.
2. Al-Mg alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that its chemical component mass percent are as follows: Si
0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Cu 0.14%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤
0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to < 0.15%, surplus Al.
3. a kind of preparation method of Al-Mg alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare raw material by mass percentage as claimed in claim 1 or 2；
(2) raw material is subjected to heating fusing, alloying, obtains aluminum melt A；
(3) the aluminum melt A refined, skimmed, obtain aluminum melt B；
(4) the aluminum melt B stood, degasification and filtered, semicontinuous water cooling casting, obtain alloy cast ingot；
(5) alloy cast ingot is subjected to Homogenization Treatments, on-line solution squeezes, press quenching is cooling, obtained rods and bars of aluminium alloy；
The Homogenization Treatments are two-step homogenization technique；The two-step homogenization technique is the following steps are included: alloy cast ingot is heated
After heat preservation 3-5 hours, 560 ± 5 DEG C of heat preservations 5-7 hours are warming up to 530 ± 5 DEG C；
(6) by the rods and bars of aluminium alloy carry out artificial aging processing to get.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the condition that step (5) on-line solution squeezes are as follows:
Temperature is 490-510 DEG C, extrusion ratio 50-70, extrusion speed 5-7mm/s.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the condition that step (5) on-line solution squeezes are as follows:
Temperature is 500 DEG C, extrusion ratio 60, extrusion speed 6mm/s.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the cooling speed of step (5) press quenching is
38-42℃/s。
7. preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the cooling speed of step (5) press quenching is
40℃/s。
8. according to the described in any item preparation methods of claim 3-7, which is characterized in that step (6) the artificial aging processing,
Aging temp is 165-175 DEG C, and aging time is 8-12 hours.
9. preparation method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that step (6) the artificial aging processing, aging temp
It is 170 DEG C, aging time is 10 hours.
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| CN103347643A (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2013-10-09 | 爱励轧制产品德国有限责任公司 | Aluminium brazing sheet material for fluxless brazing |
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