CN108193102A - Al-Mg alloys and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Mg alloys and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108193102A CN108193102A CN201810030853.8A CN201810030853A CN108193102A CN 108193102 A CN108193102 A CN 108193102A CN 201810030853 A CN201810030853 A CN 201810030853A CN 108193102 A CN108193102 A CN 108193102A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Al Mg alloys, chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.4%~0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al；Alternatively, micro Be elements can also be contained in its chemical composition.By the rational proportion of alloy compositions, design has obtained a kind of without cold work the present invention, you can reaches the Al Mg alloys of high intensity, has good mechanical property relative to 5052 classical series A l Mg alloys.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials and its manufacturing field, more particularly to a kind of Al-Mg alloys and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Aluminium-magnesium alloy has higher corrosion stability, good weldability and preferable moulding, and belonging to heat treatment can not strengthen
Alloy.At different temperature, although magnesium has larger solid solubility variation in aluminium, actually alloy does not have apparent timeliness
Invigoration effect, this is because coherence strengthening effect does not occur for the cenotype β ' and matrix that are formed in quenching, timeliness.So this kind of conjunction
Jin Jun does not use quenching, aging process to improve the intensity of alloy, its product is generally annealed condition or flow harden state,
Squeeze wood improves the strength of materials, but special-shaped extrusion material can not carry out flow harden often through cold working in actual production process
Processing, while certain intensity is required again, however under conditions of without cold working, the intensity of such Al-Mg alloy
It is relatively low, be difficult to reach intensity requirement needed for products application, application is restricted.
Invention content
Based on this, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the Al-Mg alloy materials the present invention provides a kind of high intensity.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical solutions：
A kind of Al-Mg alloys, based on mass percentage, chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.4%~
0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti
≤ 0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al；
Alternatively, its chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.4%~0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~
0.35%, Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%,
Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
In wherein some embodiments, chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg2.0%~
2.5%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%,
Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al；
Alternatively, its chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg 2.0%~2.5%, Cr 0.05
~0.35%, Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti
≤ 0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
In wherein some embodiments, chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Cu
0.14%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤
0.05th, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
In wherein some embodiments, chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Mn
0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.14%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜
0.15%, surplus Al.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned Al-Mg alloys, specific technical solution is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of Al-Mg alloys, includes the following steps：
(1) prepare raw material by above-mentioned mass percentage；
(2) raw material is subjected to heating fusing, alloying, obtains aluminum melt A；
(3) the aluminum melt A refined, skimmed, obtain aluminum melt B；
(4) the aluminum melt B is stood, degasification and filtered, semicontinuous water cooling casting, obtain alloy cast ingot；
(5) alloy cast ingot is subjected to Homogenization Treatments, on-line solution squeezes, press quenching cools down, obtained aluminium alloy
Bar；
(6) by the rods and bars of aluminium alloy carry out artificial aging processing to get.
In wherein some embodiments, step (5) described Homogenization Treatments are two-step homogenization technique.
In wherein some embodiments, the bipolar homogenization process includes the following steps：Alloy cast ingot is heated to 530
After ± 5 DEG C keep the temperature 3-5 hours, it is warming up to 560 ± 5 DEG C and keeps the temperature 5-7 hours.
In wherein some embodiments, the condition that step (5) on-line solution squeezes is：Temperature is 490-510 DEG C, is squeezed
Pressure ratio is 50-70, extrusion speed 5-7mm/s.
In wherein some embodiments, the speed of step (5) the press quenching cooling is 38-42 DEG C/s.
In wherein some embodiments, step (6) artificial aging processing, aging temp is 165-175 DEG C, during timeliness
Between be 9-11 hours.
Based on above-mentioned technical proposal, the invention has the advantages that：
The present inventor by a large amount of creative work, this by the rational design to alloy compositions and proportioning,
Add in a small amount of Si elements in alloy compositions, the part Mg in the alloy being prepared forms small and dispersed with Si elements
Mg2Si hardening constituents so that alloy can obtain one kind and need not move through cold working there are certain Second Phase Precipitation reinforcing effect
Have the Al-Mg alloys of high intensity, in terms of intensity relative to the with the obvious advantage of classical Al-Mg alloys, conventional 5051,
5052-H112 state Al-Mg strength of alloy can improve intensity in 170-190Mpa, manufacturing method using the present invention
To 260-300Mpa, and elongation percentage also complies with requirement, solves typical 5052 aluminium alloy deformed bar because that can not be cold worked
And intensity it is insufficient the problem of.
The present invention designs and controls the constituent content of Cu, Mn and Cr element so that Cu mainly exists with solid solution condition, is carrying
While high alloy intensity, the addition of Mn and Cr are additionally favorable for the raising of alloy material corrosion resistance, and improve body metal and
Weld strength reduces alloy material welding hot crack tendency.
Further, micro Be elements are added in into alloy material of the present invention, can be formed and caused on aluminum melt surface layer
Close oxidation film so as to which alloy be made to have good anti-oxidation function, reduces scaling loss and the pollution of alloy, improves the pure of material
Degree and founding quality, while the surface quality of ingot casting is influenced, pile displacement is reduced, reduces the segregation layer tissue thickness of ingot casting, is reduced
The oxidation of segregation layer is precipitated, and the mechanical properties such as intensity, elongation percentage to alloy are without apparent shadow when aluminium bar homogeneous is heated with squeezing
It rings.
Description of the drawings
Not generate black protrusion plus after the heating of the aluminium bar of Be elements in Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 be add micro Be elements aluminium bar heating after appearance.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of Al-Mg alloys and preparation method thereof, applications with reference to specific embodiments illustrates this
Invention.
Embodiment 1
Al-Mg alloys described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, including following components：
Si 0.44%, Mg 2.1%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.04%, surplus Al；Wherein, it controls miscellaneous
Fe≤0.12% in matter, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, and other impurities total amount ＜ 0.15%.
The raw material for preparing above-mentioned Aluminium Alloy Extruded Bar are as follows：
Aluminium ingot：Use aluminium ingot of the trade mark for Al99.7, the mass percent of Al is more than 99.70% in aluminium ingot, meets mark
Quasi- GB/T 1196-2008《Remelting aluminium ingot》；
Magnesium ingot：Use magnesium ingot of the trade mark for Mg9990, the mass percent of Mg is more than 99.9% in magnesium ingot, is complied with standard
GB/T 3499-2003《Primary magnesium ingot》；
Alusil alloy：Using silicon metal and alusil alloy, the wherein mass percent of alusil alloy is 20%, is complied with standard
GB/T 282-2000《Aluminium intermediate alloy ingot》；
Copper uses aluminium copper, AlCu40；Beryllium uses aluminium beryllium alloy AlBe3；Manganese uses AlMn10, and chromium uses AlCr2；
Refining agent：The trade mark is used to comply with standard YS/T491-2005 for the granular refining agents of PROMAG RI《Deform aluminium and aluminium
Alloy flux》；
Refinery gas：Using high-purity argon gas, purity, that is, percentage by volume is >=99.999%；
Melting online processing gas：Using high-purity argon gas, purity, that is, percentage by volume is >=99.999%.
Above-mentioned raw materials are put into order in heat accumulating type flame reflective energy-saving stove and carry out heating smelting, fuel is using natural
Gas, technological process is as shown in Figure 1, be as follows：
(1) prepare raw material according to above-mentioned mass percent meter；
(2) shove charge：Aluminium ingot in above-mentioned raw materials is packed into heat accumulating type flame reflective energy-saving stove.
(3) heating fusing：In-furnace temperature is controlled at 760 DEG C, is completely melt aluminium ingot.
(4) alloying：Above-mentioned magnesium ingot, alusil alloy, manganese agent and chromium agent are added in the aluminium ingot being completely melt to step (3),
And stirring makes its fusing, carries out preliminary alloying, obtains aluminum melt A；
(5) it refines：Refining agent is added in the aluminum melt A obtained in step (4), dosage is 2kg/ tons of aluminum melt A, and refining is warm
It is 720 DEG C to spend, and refining time is 30 minutes；Refining while by furnace bottom air brick be passed through into aluminum melt high-purity argon gas into
Row stirring, exhaust, then skim, obtain aluminum melt B；Specifically, the pressure of high-purity argon gas is controlled in 0.05~0.1MPa, flow control
System was at 12L/ minutes.
It is above-mentioned to obtain the step of aluminum melt B further includes trimming：Obtained aluminum melt B is subjected to chemical composition analysis,
If alloying component within the above range, by trimming, alloying component is not controlled in above-mentioned range.The step for
For preferred steps.
(6) stewing process：Aluminum melt is stood 30 minutes.
(7) online box degasification：Dehydrogenation is carried out using external box of furnace formula depassing unit, the control of aluminum melt hydrogen content exists
Below 0.18ml/100g aluminium.
(8) online double-stage filtering：Using double-stage filtering system, specifically carried out using two piece of 70 mesh foamed ceramic panel
Filter.
(9) it casts：It is cast using semicontinuous water cooling casting method, casting temperature is controlled at 700 DEG C, obtains alloy cast ingot.
(10) Homogenization Treatments：Using two-step homogenization technique, after 540 ± 5 DEG C keep the temperature 4 hours, it is warming up to 560 ± 5
DEG C heat preservation 6 hours.
(11) it is quickly cooled to room temperature with water mist.
(12) on-line solution squeezes：500 DEG C are heated to by aluminum-bar heating furnace, extrusion ratio 60, extrusion speed is (before master cylinder
Into speed) 6mm/s, press quenching cooldown rate is 40 DEG C/s, and the solid bar of a diameter of 20mm is made.
(13) artificial aging is handled：Aging temp is 170 DEG C, and aging time is 10 hours, obtains target product.
Wherein, the processing steps such as above-mentioned two-step homogenization technique, on-line solution extruding and artificial aging and alloy compositions are matched
The reasonable cooperation of ratio so that bar is in extrusion process, Si and Mg elements form supersaturated solid solution in aluminum substrate, artificial
It is precipitated during timeliness into the tiny Mg of disperse2Si hardening constituents, so as to improve intensity.Moreover, two-step homogenization technique can also avoid adding
Hot temperature makes low melting point eutectic phase and crystal boundary remelt higher than the fusing point of low melting point eutectic, and alloy material caused by preventing burning occurs
Stomata bubble, mechanical properties decrease；Heating temperature is avoided to cause low melting point eutectic that eutectic dissolving reaction mutually occurs simultaneously, is produced
Aluminate, so that material easily generates micro-crack when deforming upon at inclusion defects, so as to reduce material
The defects of mechanical property of material.
Embodiment 2
Al-Mg alloys described in the present embodiment, by mass percentage, including following components：Si 0.53%, Mg
2.4%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.14%, surplus Al；Wherein, Fe≤0.12% in control impurity, Ti≤
0.10%, Zn≤0.05, and other impurities total amount ＜ 0.15%.
The raw material and specific process step that the present embodiment uses are same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
Al-Mg alloys described in the present embodiment, component further include Be 0.0001%~0.005%, remaining component is with implementing
Example 2 is identical, and the raw material and specific process step of use are also same as Example 2.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example using conventional 5052 alloys, 5052-H32 as a comparison, by mass percentage, including with the following group
Point：Mg 2.4%, Mn 0.02%, Cr 0.18%, Cu 0.0085%, Zn 0.018% and Fe 0.15%, preparation process with
Embodiment 2 is identical.
Comparative example 2
Al-Mg alloys described in this comparative example, hundred content of quality of included Si is 1.5%, remaining component is with implementing
Example 2 is identical, and the raw material and specific process step of use are same as Example 2.
To following detect be carried out using processing step described in above-described embodiment, comparative example, alloy product before and after the processing：
According to GB/T 228.1-2010《Metal material stretching test part 1：Room temperature test method》To embodiment, right
The bar of ratio carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test result is shown in Table 1, standard GB/T/T6892-2006《General industry aluminium and
Aluminum alloy extrusion section bar》The mechanical property standard of comparative alloy 5051A-H112 and 5052-H112 are given, is shown in Table 1.
1 mechanical experimental results of table
According to experimental result it is found that being compared with 5051A-H112 national standards, 1 alloy strength ratio of embodiment of the present invention
Be higher by 75.33%, yield strength is higher by 264.28%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 33.57%；2 alloy strength of embodiment is than it
98.54% is higher by, yield strength is higher by 301.78%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 4.29%；3 alloy strength of embodiment is higher by than it
99.35%, yield strength is higher by 303.52%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 9.29；Comprehensive mechanical property is apparently higher than 5151A alloys
National standard.
Wherein, embodiment 3, can be in material founding and casting relative to the Be 0.0001%~0.005% of embodiment more than 2
Fine and close oxidation film is formed in aluminium melt surface face in the process, so as to reduce the oxidation of aluminum melt, improves the degree of purity of material
With founding quality, while the surface quality of ingot casting is influenced, reduce pile displacement, reduce the segregation layer tissue thickness of ingot casting, reduce aluminium
The oxidation of segregation layer is precipitated when stick homogeneous is heated with squeezing.After the aluminium bar heating for adding micro Be elements, surface is smooth,
Referring to Fig. 2.And be not added with Be elements aluminium bar heating rear surface there may be black oxides as shown in Figure 1, influence to squeeze
The exterior quality of product.
Alloy described in comparative example 1 is the Al-Mg alloys that the trade mark is 5052-H32 classics, relative to the embodiment of the present invention 1
The alloy, the Al-Mg alloys of comparative example 1 do not contain Si elements and Cu elements in component；Embodiment 1 is than 1 alloy of comparative example
Intensity is higher by 14%, and yield strength is higher by 15%, and elongation after fracture is higher by 87%.
Alloy described in comparative example 2 adds in the content of Si not in suitable range, although its alloy material being prepared into is strong
Degree is very big, but its elongation percentage is extremely low, does not meet national standard, can not meet actual production requirement.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Al-Mg alloys, which is characterized in that
Its chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.4%~0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~0.35%, Cu
≤ 0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%,
Surplus is Al；
Or its chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.4%~0.6%, Mg 2.0%~3.0%, Cr 0.05~0.35%,
Cu≤0.30%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤
0.05th, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
2. Al-Mg alloys according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Its chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg 2.0%~2.5%, Cr 0.05~0.35%,
Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to
＜ 0.15%, surplus Al；
Or its chemical composition mass percent is：Si 0.42%~0.55%, Mg 2.0%~2.5%, Cr 0.05~
0.35%, Cu 0.10%~0.25%, Mn≤0.15%, Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤
0.10%th, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
3. Al-Mg alloys according to claim 2, which is characterized in that its chemical composition mass percent is：Si
0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Cu 0.14%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%Be 0.0001%~0.005%, impurity F e≤
0.20%th, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤0.05, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
4. Al-Mg alloys according to claim 2, which is characterized in that its chemical composition mass percent is：Si
0.53%, Mg 2.4%, Mn 0.05%, Cr 0.15%, Cu 0.14%, impurity F e≤0.20%, Ti≤0.10%, Zn≤
0.05th, other impurities add up to ＜ 0.15%, surplus Al.
5. a kind of preparation method of Al-Mg alloys, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) prepare raw material as the mass percentage as described in claim 1-4 mono-；
(2) raw material is subjected to heating fusing, alloying, obtains aluminum melt A；
(3) the aluminum melt A refined, skimmed, obtain aluminum melt B；
(4) the aluminum melt B is stood, degasification and filtered, semicontinuous water cooling casting, obtain alloy cast ingot；
(5) alloy cast ingot is subjected to Homogenization Treatments, on-line solution squeezes, press quenching cools down, obtained rods and bars of aluminium alloy；
(6) by the rods and bars of aluminium alloy carry out artificial aging processing to get.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that step (5) described Homogenization Treatments are uniform for twin-stage
Chemical industry skill.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the bipolar homogenization process includes the following steps：
By alloy cast ingot be heated to 530 ± 5 DEG C heat preservation 3-5 hour after, be warming up to 560 ± 5 DEG C heat preservation 5-7 hours.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the condition that step (5) on-line solution squeezes is：
Temperature is 490-510 DEG C, extrusion ratio 50-70, extrusion speed 5-7mm/s.
9. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the speed of step (5) press quenching cooling is
38-42℃/s。
10. according to claim 5-9 any one of them preparation methods, which is characterized in that at step (6) described artificial aging
Reason, aging temp are 165-175 DEG C, and aging time is 8-12 hours.
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| CN110042285A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏亨通电力特种导线有限公司 | Rivet high-strength aluminium-magnesium alloy wire and preparation method thereof |
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