CN108184486B - Water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184486B CN108184486B CN201810037455.9A CN201810037455A CN108184486B CN 108184486 B CN108184486 B CN 108184486B CN 201810037455 A CN201810037455 A CN 201810037455A CN 108184486 B CN108184486 B CN 108184486B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/04—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like
- A01G27/06—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like having a water reservoir, the main part thereof being located wholly around or directly beside the growth substrate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0243—Protective shelters for young plants, e.g. tubular sleeves
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device and a seedling raising method, wherein a soil cover with an upper opening and a lower opening is inserted into soil, and sown seeds or cultivated seedlings are positioned in the soil cover; the upper opening of the soil cover is connected with a seedling raising cover, a lower exhaust port is arranged above the seedling raising cover, the cavity of the seedling raising cover is communicated with the cavity of the water storage device through the center hole of the rubber plug, cotton threads are arranged in the water storage device, the tail ends of the cotton threads penetrate through the center hole of the rubber plug and are inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover, and an upper exhaust hole is arranged above the water storage device. According to the water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device and the seedling raising method, the outer cover is additionally arranged outside the seedlings, and the water storage device for automatic drip irrigation is additionally arranged at the upper end, so that the water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device is suitable for being applied in a large area in fields, and can save water, resist drought and protect seeds and seedlings from being influenced by external adverse environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device and a seedling raising method, which are suitable for being applied to seed germination and seedling growth in a field in arid regions and arid seasons.
Background
The area of arid and semi-arid regions in China occupies about 50 percent of the area of the whole country, and although some arid and semi-arid regions have the advantage of abundant photo-thermal resources, the arid and semi-arid regions are limited and influenced by arid climate conditions, and crops are often greatly reduced in yield or even completely harvested due to drought. In spring, in particular, sowing and seedling raising in agricultural and forestry fields in the fields are seriously affected by drought. Although some drought-resistant measures such as artificial rainfall, scientific watering and the like are adopted, the drought-resistant form is still very severe under the influence of the climatic characteristics such as less rainfall, large wind and the like, the influence on the seed germination and the seedling growth is extremely adverse, compared with the seedling with developed root system, the seed germination and the seedling growth period are very sensitive to water loss, the phenomena that the seeds can not germinate due to water shortage and the newly planted seedlings die frequently occur in spring, and great economic loss is brought to the production of agricultural and forestry fields. In particular, the growth of crops is limited by the growth period, and the sowing is delayed due to drought, so that the yield is reduced. Aiming at the spring drought climate conditions, the agricultural department adopts a plurality of drought-resistant measures such as water diversion irrigation, well-digging irrigation, water-saving irrigation, covering and soil moisture conservation, reasonable watering, seed selection of drought-resistant varieties and delayed film uncovering, and the drought-resistant measures play a great role. However, in recent years, water resources are gradually exhausted along with the change of global climate and environmental deterioration, common drought control measures such as water diversion irrigation and well digging irrigation cannot be implemented due to the reasons of underground water level reduction, reduction of stock of water resources in a reservoir and the like, and meanwhile, due to the fact that spring drought is a natural disaster, the area of an area where drought occurs is very large, although the agricultural department adopts various traditional drought control measures to resist drought, the yield of crops in large area is reduced due to drought, and even partial areas have no grain harvest due to drought.
In addition, during sowing and seedling raising in spring, the seeds and seedlings are often influenced by external environment, for example, the seeds sowed in the field are damaged due to pecking by birds and the like; nearby weeds and seedlings compete for light, water, nutrients and growing space; peanut and soybean crops needing shallow sowing are exposed to the soil surface to influence germination and growth after being impacted by an acute rain after being sowed; the seedlings can cause serious disasters once being attacked by hailstones; the late frost has great harm to agricultural and forestry seedlings.
Therefore, the seedling raising device and the seedling raising method which are low in cost and can be applied to fields in a large area are invented to improve the drought resistance, avoid the influence of adverse factors on agricultural and forestry production, reduce the loss of disasters on agricultural and forestry economy, and have great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device and a seedling raising method.
In order to solve the above problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device is characterized in that a soil cover with an upper opening and a lower opening is inserted into soil, and sown seeds or cultivated seedlings are positioned in the soil cover; the upper opening of the soil cover is connected with a seedling raising cover, a lower exhaust port is arranged above the seedling raising cover, the cavity of the seedling raising cover is communicated with the cavity of the water storage device through the center hole of the rubber plug, cotton threads are arranged in the water storage device, the tail ends of the cotton threads penetrate through the center hole of the rubber plug and are inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover, and an upper exhaust hole is arranged above the water storage device.
The soil cover's inner chamber top expose soil department and be equipped with the three bayonet socket of circumference equipartition, the peripheral equidistance of the hollow annular plastics baffle of black is equipped with three arch, the protruding joint of plastics baffle is in the bayonet socket of soil cover, and is equipped with a crack on the plastics baffle.
The rubber plug is provided with a glass tube communicated with the seedling cover cavity, the cotton thread tightly penetrates through the glass tube in a plugging manner, the upper end of the cotton thread is connected with a glass ball, and the glass ball drives the cotton thread to be always positioned at the bottom of the cavity of the water storage device.
A water replenishing device is arranged at an opening above the water storage device, a shell of the water replenishing device is of an inverted conical structure, a support frame is fixedly arranged in the cavity, a cavity protruding upwards is arranged in the middle of the support frame, the annular periphery and the upper surface forming the cavity are grids, a large floating ball is arranged at an opening at the lower end of the cavity, and the diameter of the large floating ball is larger than that of the cavity; the bottom of the big floating ball is connected with a small floating ball through a thin rod rope, and the small floating ball is seated at the outlet of the conical shell.
The upper end of the soil cover and the lower end of the seedling cover are respectively and jointly connected with the lengthened cover through threads.
The water storage device's outside set up the support, the support comprises iron ring and bracing piece, the bottom of iron ring is supported through three bracing pieces and soil surface respectively.
A method for raising seedlings by adopting a water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device comprises the following steps:
1) cutting a seam: cutting an annular gap on the surface of the soil right above a sowed seed hole or a seedling hole planted with a seedling by adopting an auxiliary tool with an annular knife structure, wherein the seed hole or the seedling hole is approximately positioned at the center of a circular cutting opening;
2) installation device of growing seedlings
2.1) placing the threaded opening end of the soil cover into soil along the cutting seam upwards to enable the bayonet at the upper part of the soil cover to be flush with the soil surface or slightly higher than the soil surface, and treading the soil at the periphery of the soil cover to fix the soil;
2.2) watering the seed holes or the seedling holes after the soil cover is installed, so that the upper soil layer about 15cm in the holes is wet;
2.3) for the sowed field, directly aligning the bulge on the black hollow annular partition plate with the corresponding bayonet on the upper part of the soil cover and pushing the bulge into the bayonet; for a field planted with seedlings, breaking an annular plastic partition board by a proper distance along the broken seam of the partition board, penetrating a seedling stem from the vicinity of the ground diameter of the seedling to be sleeved on the seedling, and then installing the seedling stem on a bayonet at the upper part of a soil cover;
2.4) aligning the threads of the lower port of the seedling raising cover with the threads of the upper port of the soil cover, and screwing in a rotating manner; then the water storage device is connected with the seedling raising cover, and cotton threads in the water storage device penetrate through the glass tube on the rubber plug and are inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover; the water replenishing device is positioned at the upper end of the water storage device and is arranged into an integral structure;
3) water injection: water is filled into the upper part of the water storage device through the water replenishing device, water enters the upper part and the periphery of the small floating ball through the grids, the small floating ball blocks the neck, the liquid level in the funnel gradually rises, when the liquid level exceeds part of the large floating ball, the large floating ball gradually rises under the action of buoyancy, the small floating ball is dragged to leave the neck, the water enters the water storage device from the neck, air entering the water storage device along with the water is discharged from the exhaust hole, and the water filling is stopped when the water storage liquid level in the water storage device is close to the exhaust hole; when all water enters the water storage device, the small balls fall back to block the neck opening to prevent the water in the water storage device from evaporating and losing;
4) drip irrigation: because the glass tube is plugged by the cotton thread, the water in the water storage device can not quickly enter the seedling raising cover and can only be conveyed at the speed of drip irrigation through the cotton thread;
5) installing a lengthened cover: when the seedlings grow to a certain height, the original seedling raising cover cannot meet the requirement of continuous high growth of the seedlings, and meanwhile, when the external conditions such as drought are not suitable for removing the seedling raising device, the seedling raising cover can be taken off from the soil cover, the lengthened cover is connected with the soil cover, and then the seedling raising cover is covered;
6) removing the device: when the seeds germinate and the seedlings grow to the required standard and can be suitable for the external environmental conditions, the seedling raising device needs to be removed, and the removal time of the device needs to be selected on a cloudy day or when the seedlings avoid direct sunlight illumination after 5 pm; firstly removing the water replenishing device and the water storing device, keeping the seedling raising cover on the seedling hole for 5-7 days, then rotating the soil cover to separate the seedling raising cover from the soil, and removing the soil cover; after the soil cover is taken out, the soil around the cutting seam is treaded down to eliminate the original gap.
The auxiliary tool in the step 1) has a structure that the bottom of the cylindrical cutting ring is provided with a cutting opening, and pedals are symmetrically arranged on the outer circumference of the top of the cylindrical cutting ring; the upper end of the cylindrical cutting ring is symmetrically provided with supports, the two supports are combined towards the middle and are connected with a hollow pipe together, a transmission rod is coaxially arranged in the hollow pipe, the upper end of the transmission rod extends out of the upper end of the hollow pipe and is connected with a bulldozing handle, the bottom of the transmission rod extends out of the hollow pipe and is connected with two symmetrically arranged push rods, the bottoms of the push rods are connected with bulldozing plates, the two bulldozing plates are arc-shaped surfaces, and the diameter of an excircle is smaller; a cutter handle is horizontally arranged at the top of the hollow pipe. The water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device adopts the technical scheme that a soil cover is inserted into the peripheral soil of a seed hole or a seedling hole, and a seedling raising cover and a water storage device are sequentially arranged above the soil cover, so that the proper environmental conditions needed during the seed germination and seedling growth period are ensured, the seed hole or the seedling hole is subjected to drop irrigation through cotton threads in the water storage device, and the purpose of saving water resources is realized.
The annular plastic partition plate is arranged on the soil cover and covers the soil surface around the seedlings, and the illumination condition required by weed growth cannot be met, so that the aim of inhibiting weeds is fulfilled.
Set up the glass pipe on the plug, the cotton thread stopper that has the glass ball advances the structure of glass pipe, further guarantees the speed of driping irrigation to guarantee the continuous water supply demand of seedling growth period.
The water replenishing device is arranged at the opening of the upper part of the water storage device, water is replenished through the water replenishing device, the water storage effect can be realized, and meanwhile, the small balls fall back to block the neck opening to prevent the water evaporation loss of the water storage device.
Satisfy the seedling back of growing up, to the extension device of this device, make this device application scope wider.
The water storage device is supported by the iron ring and the supporting rod, so that the device is prevented from inclining due to strong wind or rainfall.
The method for raising seedlings by adopting the water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device adopts the steps, so that the water can be saved, the drought resistance can be realized, and the seeds and the seedlings can be protected from the external adverse environment.
Adopt appurtenance to carry out the joint-cutting to soil, improve the work efficiency of soil joint-cutting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a plastic spacer.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary tool.
Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the stent.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, a water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device, a soil cover 18 with an upper opening and a lower opening is inserted into soil, and sown seeds or cultivated seedlings are positioned in the soil cover 18, wherein the height of the soil cover 18 is 15-20cm, the diameter of the cover body is 16-18cm, the thickness of the cover wall is 1mm, the upper port of the soil cover is provided with a screw thread, and three bayonets 23 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the planar cover wall 0.5-1cm below the screw thread; the upper opening of the soil cover 18 is connected with a seedling cover 16, the upper end and the lower end of the seedling cover 16 are both provided with circular openings, the plastic material, the hardness and the shape of the seedling cover are similar to the upper half part of a mineral water bottle with a half cut off, the diameter of a cylinder at the lower end of the cover body corresponds to the diameter of the soil cover 18, the diameter of an upper bottom opening of a circular truncated cone at the upper end is 6-8cm, the height of the cover body is 18-20cm, the thickness of the cover wall is 1mm, the side surface of the upper half part of the seedling cover is provided with a lower vent hole 15 with the diameter of 3-5mm, oxygen and carbon dioxide required by respiration of seedlings are ensured, the cavity of the seedling cover 16 is, a cotton thread 9 is arranged in the water storage device 8, the tail end of the cotton thread 9 penetrates through a center hole of the rubber plug 12 and is inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover 16, and an upper exhaust hole 7 is arranged above the water storage device 8 to ensure that water is smoothly filled into the water storage device.
The inner chamber top of soil guard 18 expose soil department and be equipped with three bayonet socket 23 of circumference equipartition, the peripheral equidistance of the hollow annular plastics baffle 19 of black is equipped with three arch, as shown in figure 2, the protruding joint of plastics baffle 19 is in bayonet socket 23 of soil guard 18, and is equipped with a break joint on the plastics baffle 19, suitable distance can be opened to the break joint, passes the seedling stem cover on the seedling near seedling ground footpath, prevents to cause the injury to seedling canopy.
The rubber plug 12 is provided with a glass tube 10 communicated with a cavity of the seedling raising cover 16, the inner diameter of the glass tube is 6-8mm, cotton threads 9 penetrate through the glass tube, the length of the cotton threads extending out of the glass tube is 8-10cm at the upper end, the length of the cotton threads extending out of the glass tube is 3-5cm at the lower end, the length of the cotton threads exposed out of the upper end of the glass tube is 10-12cm, a glass ball 11 with the diameter of 5mm is fixed at the tail end, the cotton threads exposed out of the upper end of the glass tube droop to the position near the top of the rubber plug outside the tube, the length of the cotton threads exposed out of the lower end of the glass tube is 13-15.
The water replenishing device 2 is arranged at an opening above the water storage device 8, a shell of the water replenishing device 2 is of an inverted conical structure, the support frame 3 is fixedly arranged in the cavity, the middle part of the support frame 3 is provided with an upward convex cavity, the annular periphery and the upper surface of the cavity are grids, the cavity is used for controlling the position of the large floating ball, water injection is not influenced, the large floating ball 4 is arranged at an opening at the lower end of the cavity, and the diameter of the large floating ball 4 is larger than that of the cavity; the bottom of the big floating ball 4 is connected with a small floating ball 6 through a thin rod rope 5, and the small floating ball 6 is seated at the outlet of the conical shell. When all water enters the water storage device, the small balls fall back to block the neck opening to prevent the water in the water storage device from evaporating and losing. In order to prevent grass and leaves from entering the position near the neck opening of the funnel when wind blows and rains and affecting the effect of blocking the neck opening by small balls, a filter screen 1 can be arranged above the water supplementing device.
The upper end of the soil cover 18 and the lower end of the seedling raising cover 16 are respectively and jointly connected with a lengthening cover 20 through threads. When the seedling grows to a certain height, the original seedling cover cannot meet the requirement of continuous high growth of the seedling, and meanwhile, when the seedling device is not suitable to be removed under the external conditions such as drought and the like, the seedling cover can be taken down from the upper surface of the soil cover, the lengthened seedling cover is connected with the soil cover, and then the seedling cover is covered.
As shown in fig. 4, a support is arranged outside the water storage device 8, the support is composed of an iron ring 21 and support rods 22, and the bottom of the iron ring 21 is supported on the soil surface through the three support rods 22. The three support rods face downwards, the iron ring of the fixing frame is sleeved in from the top of the water replenishing and storing system, the iron ring is pressed downwards to enable the support rods to be inserted into the soil, when the plane of the iron ring reaches the middle position of the water storing device, pressing is stopped, and the soil around the three support rods is compacted. The function of mount is that the controlling means keeps in the normal position, prevents that strong wind or rainfall from causing the device slope.
A method for raising seedlings by adopting a water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device comprises the following steps:
1) cutting a seam: cutting an annular gap on the surface of the soil right above a sowed seed hole or a seedling hole planted with a seedling by adopting an auxiliary tool with an annular knife structure, wherein the seed hole or the seedling hole is approximately positioned at the center of a circular cutting opening; as the soil cover 18 is made of transparent hard plastic and cannot be directly inserted into soil with the depth of 15-20cm, an auxiliary tool is needed for cutting the seams, as shown in FIG. 3, the auxiliary tool has a structure that the bottom of a cylindrical cutting ring 31 is provided with a cutting opening 32, and pedals 30 are symmetrically arranged on the outer circumference of the top of the cylindrical cutting ring 31; the upper end of a cylindrical cutting ring 31 is symmetrically provided with supports 29, the two supports 29 are combined towards the middle and are connected with a hollow pipe 28 together, a transmission rod 24 is coaxially arranged in the hollow pipe 28, the upper end of the transmission rod 24 extends out of the upper end of the hollow pipe 28 and is connected with a bulldozing handle 23, the bottom of the transmission rod 24 extends out of the hollow pipe 28 and is connected with two symmetrically arranged push rods 25, the bottom of each push rod 25 is connected with a bulldozing plate 26, the two bulldozing plates 26 are arc-shaped surfaces, and the diameter of the excircle is smaller; a cutter handle 27 is horizontally arranged at the top of the hollow pipe 28;
the working process is as follows:
1.1) pulling up the dozer handle 23 and driving to pull up the dozer plate 26 to the top of the bracket 29;
1.2) placing the cutting opening 32 of the cylindrical cutting ring 31 of the joint cutter on the soil surface right above a sowed seed hole or a seedling hole in which seedlings are planted, wherein the seed hole or the seedling hole is approximately positioned at the center of a circular cutting opening;
1.3) pressing two pedals 30 of the cutter with feet to ensure that a cylindrical cutting ring 31 is completely buried, wherein the length of the cutting ring is 20 cm;
1.4) shaking the cutter handle 27 horizontally, front-back, left-right, for enlarging the gap cut by the cutting ring, and simultaneously compacting the soil on the two sides of the gap to prevent the soil on the two sides of the gap from sliding and sealing the cut seam when the cutting ring is pulled out;
1.5) pressing the dozer handle 23 downwards to make the dozer plate 26 fall on the surface of the soil around the seed hole or the seedling hole;
1.6) taking out the cutting ring: the two feet step on the soil on the periphery of the two sides of the cutting ring perpendicular to the connecting line of the two pedals, one hand presses the bulldozing handle 23, the other hand rotates the cutter handle 27 upwards, and the cutting ring is pulled out from the soil in an upwards rotating way. The purpose of rotary pulling is to reduce the amount of soil brought out by the wall of the cutting ring; the purpose of pressing the dozer handle 23 is to drive the dozer plate 26 to control the soil to remain in place and prevent the soil in the ring cutter from being carried out along with the ring cutter;
2) installation device of growing seedlings
2.1) placing the threaded opening end of the soil cover 18 upwards into soil along the cutting seam, making the bayonet 23 at the upper part of the soil cover flush with the soil surface or slightly higher than the soil surface, and treading the soil at the periphery of the soil cover to fix the soil;
2.2) watering the seed holes or the seedling holes after the soil cover is installed, so that the upper soil layer about 15cm in the holes is wet;
2.3) for the sowed field, directly aligning the bulge on the black hollow annular partition plate 19 with the corresponding bayonet on the upper part of the soil cover and pushing the bulge into the bayonet; for a field planted with seedlings, breaking an annular plastic partition board by a proper distance along the broken seam of the partition board, penetrating a seedling stem from the vicinity of the ground diameter of the seedling to be sleeved on the seedling, and then installing the seedling stem on a bayonet at the upper part of a soil cover;
2.4) aligning the thread of the lower port of the seedling cover 16 with the thread of the upper port of the soil cover 18 and screwing in a rotating manner; then the lower end of the water storage device 8 is connected with the seedling raising cover 16, and cotton threads in the water storage device 8 penetrate through a glass tube on the rubber plug 12 and are inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover; the water replenishing device is positioned at the upper end of the water storage device and can be arranged into an integral structure or a split structure;
the lower exhaust holes 15 on the seedling raising cover have the functions that when the temperature inside the seedling raising cover is too high due to illumination, air in the seedling raising cover expands to diffuse outwards from the exhaust holes and takes away heat for cooling, and when the temperature is reduced, outside air enters the seedling raising cover. Thereby achieving the effects of temperature reduction and air exchange.
3) Water injection: water is filled into the upper part of a water storage device 8 through a water supplementing device, water enters the upper part and the periphery of a small floating ball 6 through grids, the small floating ball blocks a neck, the liquid level in a funnel gradually rises, when the liquid level exceeds part of a large floating ball 4, the large floating ball gradually rises due to buoyancy, the small floating ball is dragged to leave the neck, the water enters the water storage device from the neck, air entering the water storage device along with the water is exhausted from an exhaust hole 7, and the water filling is stopped when the liquid level of the water storage in the water storage device is close to the exhaust hole; when all water enters the water storage device, the small balls fall back to block the neck opening to prevent the water in the water storage device from evaporating and losing;
4) drip irrigation: because the glass tube 10 is tightly plugged by the cotton thread 9, the water in the water storage device can not quickly enter the seedling raising cover and can only be conveyed at the speed of drip irrigation through the cotton thread; the purpose of tightly plugging the cotton threads by the glass tube is to prevent the water in the water storage device from rapidly entering the seedling raising cover and control the water delivery speed; the glass ball is fixed at the tail end of the cotton thread of the water storage device and is used for preventing the cotton thread from floating on the water surface when the liquid level is lower than the upper opening of the glass tube, and the water delivery speed is reduced. The water in the water storage device is injected into the seed holes or seedling holes in a drip irrigation mode, so that the water can be prevented from being drained from the deep layer of the soil too quickly by irrigation, and the requirements of seed germination and seedling growth period on long-term wetting of surface soil are met;
the water storage device is full of a barrel of water and the water dripping irrigation time calculation formula is as follows: neglecting the volume of the upper round table of the water storage device, wherein the water storage capacity of the water storage device is the sum of the volumes of the middle cylinder and the lower round table;
cylinder volume calculation formula = r2×π×h
The water storage device cylinder inside diameter is 16cm, radius r is 8cm, cylinder height h10cm, the above formula is taken: the cylinder volume is about 2009 ml;
circular truncated cone volume calculation formula = R2+R×r+r2/3 ×h×π
The radius R of the upper bottom of the circular truncated cone is 8cm, the radius R of the lower bottom of the circular truncated cone is 3cm, the height h5cm is obtained, and the formula is substituted into the formula: the volume of the circular truncated cone is about 508 ml;
the total of the cylinder volume and the truncated cone volume is =2009+508=2517 ml
The glass tube with the inner diameter of 7mm is fully filled with cotton threads, and the average water delivery amount is 5 ml/h, then the number of days required for completely delivering the water in the water storage device to the seedling hole or the seed hole is calculated according to the formula:
day =2517 ÷ 5 ÷ 24 ≈ 21 days
Therefore, the water storage device can carry out drip irrigation for 21 days after being filled with water;
5) installing a lengthened cover: when the seedlings grow to a certain height, the original seedling raising cover 16 cannot meet the requirement of continuous high growth of the seedlings, and meanwhile, when the external conditions such as drought are not suitable for removing the seedling raising device, the seedling raising cover 16 can be taken down from the upper surface of the soil cover, the lengthening cover 20 is connected with the soil cover 18, and then the seedling raising cover is covered;
6) removing the device: when the seeds germinate and the seedlings grow to the required standard and can be suitable for the external environmental conditions, the seedling raising device needs to be removed, and the removal time of the device needs to be selected on a cloudy day or when the seedlings avoid direct sunlight illumination after 5 pm; firstly, removing the water replenishing device 2 and the water storage device 8, keeping the seedling raising cover 16 above the seedling hole for 5-7 days, enabling the seedlings originally in the greenhouse to gradually adapt to the external environment through a transition period of 5-7 days as an opening with the diameter of 6-8cm is formed in the seedling raising cover and communicated with the external air, then rotating the soil cover 18 to separate the seedlings from the soil, and removing the soil cover 18; after the soil cover is taken out, the soil around the cutting seam is treaded down to eliminate the original gap.
In conclusion, the water-saving drought-resisting seedling culture device and the seedling culture method have the beneficial effects that:
1. the cost is low: the device is made of plastic, has low cost and can be widely applied to fields of agriculture and forestry;
2. and (3) water resource saving: the device covers the soil with the diameter of 16-18cm around the seedling hole, and water consumption for seed germination and seedling growth is saved by controlling the evaporation amount of the soil around crops, so that the aim of saving water resources is fulfilled; in addition, the glass tube is tightly plugged by the cotton thread, so that water in the water receiver only can slowly enter soil in a drop shape, continuous water supply of surface soil for seed germination and seedling growth is guaranteed, and excessive watering amount at one time is prevented, and water is prevented from running off to the deep layer of the soil. Thereby achieving the purpose of saving water resources;
3. avoid the injury of animal to crop seed and seedling: the seeds or seedlings are covered by the seedling raising machine, and external animals cannot invade the seedling raising machine, so that the injury of birds and other animals to the crop seeds and the seedlings is avoided;
4. inhibiting the growth of weeds: the black plastic partition plates horizontally cover the soil surface around the seedlings, and the illumination condition required by the growth of weeds cannot be met, so that some weeds with higher requirements on illumination cannot germinate and grow; meanwhile, even if part of weeds germinate and grow out of the ground surface, the weeds are pressed by the black plastic partition plate, and the weeds can die due to the long-term absence of light and the extremely high temperature stress below the black partition plate, so that the aim of inhibiting the weeds is fulfilled;
5. the pesticide pollution is reduced: traditional crop planting requires the application of herbicide for "sealed treatment" to prevent the damage of weeds to seedlings, and the herbicide causes environmental pollution. By adopting the device and the technology of the invention, the herbicide is replaced to control the seed germination and the growth of the weeds in the seedling growth period, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the pesticide pollution;
6. the damage to crops caused by natural disasters such as urgent rain, hailstone, night frost and the like is avoided: because the seeds and the seedlings are covered in the seedling raising device, no matter rainstorm, hail or night frost can not directly contact the soil and the seedlings around the crops, thereby avoiding the natural disasters which the crops can be subjected to in the sowing and seedling stage;
7. creates a suitable illumination environment for the growth of crops: the transparent plastic material is adopted as a seedling raising device, so that illumination required by crop germination and seedling growth is ensured;
8. prolonging the protection period of seedlings: because the device can be provided with the lengthened cover according to the actual requirement to heighten the seedling raising device, the purpose of prolonging the protection of seedlings is achieved;
9. creates a proper temperature and ventilation environment for the growth of crops: through the exhaust holes on the seedling raising device, when the temperature in the seedling raising device is too high due to illumination, according to the principle of expansion with heat and contraction with cold of air, the air in the seedling raising device expands and diffuses outwards from the exhaust holes and carries heat to cool, and when the temperature is lowered, the outside air enters the seedling raising device, so that the effects of cooling and air exchange are achieved;
10. automatically controlling water inflow and evaporation: the large ball is floated by water to pull the small ball through the two connected buoyancy balls during watering, the neck opening of the funnel is opened, and water is injected into the water storage device; stopping watering, lowering the water surface in the funnel, automatically returning the big ball and the small ball to the original position, sealing the neck, and preventing water from evaporating.
Claims (5)
1. A method for raising seedlings by adopting a water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cutting a seam: cutting an annular gap on the surface of the soil right above a sowed seed hole or a seedling hole planted with a seedling by adopting an auxiliary tool with an annular knife structure, wherein the seed hole or the seedling hole is approximately positioned at the center of a circular cutting opening;
the auxiliary tool is structurally characterized in that a cutting opening (32) is formed in the bottom of the cylindrical cutting ring (31), and pedals (30) are symmetrically arranged on the outer circumference of the top of the cylindrical cutting ring (31); the upper end of a cylindrical cutting ring (31) is symmetrically provided with supports (29), the two supports (29) are closed towards the middle and are connected with a hollow pipe (28) together, a transmission rod (24) is coaxially arranged in the hollow pipe (28), the upper end of the transmission rod (24) extends out of the upper end of the hollow pipe (28) and is connected with a bulldozing handle (23), the bottom of the transmission rod (24) extends out of the hollow pipe (28) and is connected with two symmetrically arranged push rods (25), the bottom of each push rod (25) is connected with a bulldozing plate (26), the two bulldozing plates (26) are arc-shaped surfaces, and the diameter of an excircle is smaller than the diameter of; a cutter handle (27) is horizontally arranged at the top of the hollow pipe (28);
2) installation device of growing seedlings
2.1) placing the threaded opening end of the soil cover (18) upwards into soil along the cutting seam, enabling a bayonet (23) at the upper part of the soil cover to be flush with the soil surface or slightly higher than the soil surface, and treading soil at the periphery of the soil cover to fix the soil;
2.2) watering the seed holes or the seedling holes after the soil cover is installed, so that the upper soil layer about 15cm in the holes is wet;
2.3) for the sowed field, directly aligning the bulge on the black hollow annular partition plate (19) with the corresponding bayonet on the upper part of the soil cover and pushing the bulge into the bayonet; for a field planted with seedlings, breaking an annular plastic partition board by a proper distance along the broken seam of the partition board, penetrating a seedling stem from the vicinity of the ground diameter of the seedling to be sleeved on the seedling, and then installing the seedling stem on a bayonet at the upper part of a soil cover;
2.4) aligning the lower port thread of the seedling cover (16) with the upper port thread of the soil cover (18) and screwing in a rotating manner; then the water storage device (8) is connected with the seedling raising cover (16), and cotton threads in the water storage device (8) penetrate through the glass tube (10) on the rubber plug (12) and are inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover; the water replenishing device is positioned at the upper end of the water storage device and is arranged into an integral structure;
3) water injection: water is filled into the upper part of a water storage device (8) through a water supplementing device, water enters the upper part and the periphery of a small floating ball (6) through grids, the neck opening is blocked by the small floating ball, the liquid level in a funnel gradually rises, when the liquid level exceeds part of a large floating ball (4), the large floating ball gradually rises due to buoyancy, the small floating ball is dragged to leave the neck opening, the water enters the water storage device from the neck opening, air entering the water storage device along with the water is exhausted from an exhaust hole (7), and the water filling is stopped when the liquid level of the water stored in the water storage device is close to the exhaust hole; when all water enters the water storage device, the small balls fall back to block the neck opening to prevent the water in the water storage device from evaporating and losing;
4) drip irrigation: because the glass tube (10) is tightly plugged by the cotton thread (9), the water in the water storage device can not quickly enter the seedling raising cover and can only be conveyed at the speed of drip irrigation through the cotton thread;
5) installing a lengthened cover: when the seedlings grow to a certain height, the original seedling raising cover (16) cannot meet the requirement of continuous high growth of the seedlings, and meanwhile, when the external conditions such as drought and the like are not suitable for removing the seedling raising device, the seedling raising cover (16) can be taken down from the soil cover, the lengthened cover (20) is connected with the soil cover (18), and then the seedling raising cover is covered;
6) removing the device: when the seeds germinate and the seedlings grow to the required standard and can be suitable for the external environmental conditions, the seedling raising device needs to be removed, and the removal time of the device needs to be selected on a cloudy day or when the seedlings avoid direct sunlight illumination after 5 pm; firstly, removing the water replenishing device (2) and the water storage device (8), keeping the seedling raising cover (16) above the seedling hole for 5-7 days, then rotating the soil cover (18) to separate the seedling raising cover from the soil, and removing the soil cover (18); after the soil (18) cover is taken out, the soil around the cutting seam is trampled to eliminate the original gap;
wherein the water-saving drought-resistant seedling raising device has the structure that a soil cover (18) with an upper opening and a lower opening is inserted into soil, and sown seeds or cultivated seedlings are positioned in the soil cover (18); a seedling raising cover (16) is connected to the upper opening of the soil cover (18), a lower exhaust port (15) is arranged above the seedling raising cover (16), the cavity of the seedling raising cover (16) is communicated with the cavity of the water storage device (8) through the central hole of the rubber plug (12), cotton threads (9) are arranged in the water storage device (8), the tail end of each cotton thread (9) penetrates through the central hole of the rubber plug (12) and is inserted into the cavity of the seedling raising cover (16), and an upper exhaust hole (7) is arranged above the water storage device (8); three bayonets (23) are evenly distributed on the periphery of the inner cavity of the soil cover (18) at the position where the soil is exposed, three protrusions are arranged on the periphery of the black hollow annular plastic partition plate (19) at equal intervals, the protrusions of the plastic partition plate (19) are clamped in the bayonets (23) of the soil cover (18), and a broken seam is arranged on the plastic partition plate (19).
2. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by: the cotton-padded mattress is characterized in that a glass tube (10) communicated with the cavity of the seedling raising cover (16) is arranged on the rubber plug (12), cotton threads (9) tightly penetrate through the glass tube in a plugging manner, a glass ball (11) is connected to the upper end of the cotton threads (9), and the cotton threads (9) are driven by the glass ball (11) to be located at the bottom of the cavity of the water storage device (8) all the time.
3. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by: a water replenishing device (2) is arranged at an opening above the water storage device (8), a shell of the water replenishing device (2) is of an inverted conical structure, a support frame (3) is fixedly arranged in the cavity, a cavity protruding upwards is arranged in the middle of the support frame (3), the annular periphery and the upper surface forming the cavity are grids, a large floating ball (4) is arranged at an opening at the lower end of the cavity, and the diameter of the large floating ball (4) is larger than that of the cavity; the bottom of the big floating ball (4) is connected with a small floating ball (6) through a thin rod rope (5), and the small floating ball (6) is seated at the outlet of the conical shell.
4. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by: the upper end of the soil cover (18) and the lower end of the seedling cover (16) are respectively and jointly connected with the lengthened cover (20) through threads.
5. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by: the outside of water storage device (8) set up the support, the support comprises iron ring (21) and bracing piece (22), the bottom of iron ring (21) is supported with soil surface through three bracing pieces (22) respectively.
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| CN201810037455.9A CN108184486B (en) | 2018-01-16 | 2018-01-16 | Water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device and seedling raising method |
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| CN201810037455.9A CN108184486B (en) | 2018-01-16 | 2018-01-16 | Water-saving drought-resisting seedling raising device and seedling raising method |
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| CN114586569B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-04-04 | 白城师范学院 | Considerable type seedling growing device of agricultural of high survival |
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| CN2689680Y (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2005-04-06 | 杨建波 | Automatic watering device for household potted landscape |
| CN201433761Y (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2010-03-31 | 辽宁省水土保持研究所 | Original soil sample collecting device |
| CN102106245B (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2012-05-30 | 上海市城市建设设计研究院 | Automatic waste rainwater greening and watering device |
| CN205671086U (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of tobacco seedlings transplants basin |
| CN106198256B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2018-05-01 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of soil body shear band expansion process observation procedure |
| CN205946770U (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2017-02-15 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Supplementary growing device is transplanted to tobacco well cellar for storing things formula |
| CN206658741U (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-11-24 | 湖南工程学院 | Balcony plant drip irrigation appliance |
| CN206787849U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-12-22 | 张波 | A kind of Soil K+adsorption sampler |
| CN107114209A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-01 | 德阳市泰森农业科技有限公司 | For the protection equipment during nursery stock transplanting |
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