CN108184353B - General chassis of hydrostatic drive's paddy field working device - Google Patents
General chassis of hydrostatic drive's paddy field working device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108184353B CN108184353B CN201810029635.2A CN201810029635A CN108184353B CN 108184353 B CN108184353 B CN 108184353B CN 201810029635 A CN201810029635 A CN 201810029635A CN 108184353 B CN108184353 B CN 108184353B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B51/00—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus
- A01B51/02—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus propelled by a motor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Non-Deflectable Wheels, Steering Of Trailers, Or Other Steering (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a universal chassis of a hydrostatic drive paddy field working device; the variable plunger pump is connected with the engine, the oil output port of the variable plunger pump is connected with four variable motors through an anti-slip control valve group, and the respective output shafts of the four variable motors are connected with wheels through respective wheel edge reducers; the steering system comprises a steering pump, an oil output port of the steering pump is connected with a steering gear, and the steering gear is connected with a steering oil cylinder; the functional pump of the functional working mechanism system is connected with the engine, and an output oil port of the functional pump is connected with at least two working cylinders through a control element; the control element includes a pressure compensating valve that ensures that the flow through the variable restriction valve is proportional to the opening size, a flow control valve that sets a spring bias pressure that together with a maximum load sets the outlet pressure of the pump, and a shuttle valve that transfers the maximum load pressure of the at least two actuators to the spring chamber of the flow control valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a universal chassis of a paddy field working device, in particular to a universal chassis of a hydrostatic drive paddy field working device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The paddy field in the south of China has large planting area, rice is one of the most important main grains, and the method has important significance for ensuring the yield and income increase of the paddy field crops, maintaining grain supply and ensuring national grain safety. However, the paddy field has complex rheological soil characteristics, large mud foot depth and severe working environment, and these adverse factors increase the labor intensity of farmers and reduce the working efficiency.
The paddy field machine works in paddy fields with complex soil characteristics and large mud foot depth for a long time, and the normal running and operation quality of the paddy field machine needs to be ensured, so that the chassis of the paddy field machine is very severely designed. Most of the existing paddy field mechanical chassis are traditional mechanical chassis, which can basically meet the working requirements of paddy fields, but have the following disadvantages: 1) The multistage gear speed change and gear shifting mechanism is used for transmission, a transmission system is complex and heavy, the arrangement mode is single, and stepless speed change cannot be realized; 2) The power density is low, the light weight requirement is not met, and the speed regulation range is small; 3) The turning radius is large, which is not beneficial to turning around; 4) The braking system is complex, and a special friction braking device is required to be arranged; 5) The impact load is large during gear shifting, starting and accelerating; 6) The method is unfavorable for realizing automatic intelligent control and is difficult to remotely control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a universal chassis of a hydrostatic drive paddy field working device, which improves the degree of mechanization and intelligence, improves the flexibility of arrangement, the convenience of speed regulation and enhances the trafficability; meanwhile, the executive components of different loads work under respective pressure, and the flow rate is irrelevant to the load pressure change, so that the system has good power following performance.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a general chassis of a hydrostatic drive paddy field working device comprises an engine 1, a walking drive system, a steering system and a functional working mechanism system; the walking driving system belongs to a closed system and comprises a walking driving circuit, an oil supplementing circuit and a cooling circuit, wherein the walking driving circuit comprises a variable plunger pump 2, the variable plunger pump 2 is connected with an engine 1, an output oil port of the variable plunger pump 2 is connected with four variable motors 16 through anti-skid control valve groups, and respective output shafts of the four variable motors 16 are connected with wheels 29 through respective wheel edge reducers 30; the anti-skid control valve group comprises three flow dividing valves and three bypass valves, each flow dividing valve is connected with one bypass valve in parallel, the first flow dividing valve is distributed to the second flow dividing valve and the third flow dividing valve, the second flow dividing valve and the third flow dividing valve are respectively distributed to two variable motors 16, and the variable motors are two-gear motors; the oil outlets of the four variable motors 16 are connected with a quantitative motor 17, and the oil outlets 17 of the quantitative motor are connected with an oil return port 2 of the variable plunger pump; the oil supplementing loop comprises an oil supplementing pump 3, and an outlet of the oil supplementing pump is connected with an oil supplementing safety valve; the cooling loop comprises a flushing shuttle valve 10, and an outlet of the flushing shuttle valve is sequentially connected with a flushing overflow valve 1, a cooler 12 and an oil tank 13; the steering system comprises a steering pump 4, wherein the steering pump 4 is connected with the engine 1, an oil output port of the steering pump is connected with a steering gear, the steering gear is connected with a steering oil cylinder 27, and the steering oil cylinder 27 is a double-piston rod double-acting oil cylinder; the functional working mechanism system comprises a functional pump 5, the functional pump 5 is connected with the engine 1, and an output oil port of the functional pump is connected with at least two working cylinders through a control element; the control elements comprise a pressure compensation valve 19, a flow control valve 28 and a shuttle valve 20, wherein an oil inlet of the pressure compensation valve 19 is connected with the pump, the passing flow of the variable throttle valve is in direct proportion to the opening size, the flow control valve 28 sets a spring bias pressure to jointly regulate the outlet pressure of the pump with the maximum load, the shuttle valve 20 is communicated with a high-pressure oil cavity of the actuating element, and the maximum load pressure in at least two actuating elements is transmitted to the spring cavity of the flow control valve 28.
Furthermore, the oil supplementing loop comprises an oil supplementing pump, a one-way valve group and an overflow valve, wherein the oil supplementing pump 3 is integrated in the variable pump and is used for supplementing oil leaked by the hydraulic system, the oil supplementing pump is connected with the oil tank through an oil filter, and the oil supplementing loop can maintain a system base pressure.
Furthermore, the cooling loop comprises a flushing shuttle valve 10, a cooler 12 and a flushing overflow valve 11, wherein two control oil ports of the flushing shuttle valve 10 are respectively connected with the high-pressure end and the low-pressure end of the main loop, so that the hydraulic oil of the main loop is prevented from being excessively high in temperature.
Further, the steering gear is an open-core non-reaction system, when the steering wheel is static, the valve core and the valve sleeve are in the middle position, the oil of the gear pump directly flows back to the oil tank, when the steering wheel rotates, the positions of the valve core and the valve sleeve are changed, and the steering hydraulic cylinder works; the actuating element of the steering system is a double-acting double-piston rod type hydraulic cylinder which can convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and can do reciprocating linear motion to push the steering wheel to swing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) When the paddy field is operated, the mud feet have large depth, and the too small ground clearance can cause the chassis to contact the water surface to rust, and even cause the chassis to scratch and damage, the hydrostatic drive chassis replaces the existing transmission devices such as a gearbox, a clutch, a transfer case and the like with a pump-motor combination, so that the trafficability of paddy field machinery is effectively improved, and the flexibility of layout is realized to the greatest extent.
2) The existing chassis is large in mass, deep in sinking in paddy fields, lighter in mass, high in power density and good in fuel economy, meets the light-weight requirement, and can be provided with larger loading capacity under the same power driving.
3) The hydrostatic chassis can realize stepless speed change by using a pump-motor combination, has larger speed regulation range, no gear shifting setbacks and good comfort, and can adapt to the working conditions with distinct characteristics of low-speed large load and high-speed small load of agricultural machinery.
4) When the paddy field is turned, the steering wheels can be greatly piled up with soil due to factors such as deep mud feet, high soil viscosity and the like, the steering is heavier, the original mechanical steering and hydraulic power steering are replaced by hydraulic steering, the steering is lighter, the operability is strong, the paddy field head space is smaller, the hydraulic steering can enable the steering wheels to have larger steering angles (the maximum steering angle can reach more than 70 degrees), the turning radius is reduced, and the turning and steering can be realized in a narrower space.
5) The hydrostatic chassis of the invention is provided with an anti-slip mechanism, overcomes the defect of parallel hydraulic motors, and avoids the phenomenon that the hydrostatic chassis cannot advance due to slipping.
6) The hydrostatic chassis braking function is realized by means of a hydraulic system, the original friction element braking is replaced, and the operation is more in line with the man-machine engineering.
7) The invention adopts a valve control load sensing system for a plurality of executing elements, can enable the executing elements of different loads to work under respective pressure, has no relation with the load pressure change through flow, and has good power following performance.
8) The development direction of agricultural machinery is to realize intelligent and automatic control, the difficulty of the traditional mechanical chassis in realizing electronic control is high, and the hydraulic chassis can be an electronic control hydraulic component device, so that automation is easily realized, and remote operation is completed.
9) The four wheels are respectively provided with four variable motors for driving and are connected in series with a quantitative motor, the quantitative motor can drive an executing element with the rotation speed related to the walking speed, and the proportional relation between the rotation speed and the walking speed can be realized without using other control systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a power transmission route diagram of a universal chassis of a hydrostatically driven paddy field work device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a general chassis hydraulic system of the hydrostatic-driven paddy field working device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a layout of the drive traveling system of the present invention.
In the figure, a 1-engine 2-variable displacement pump 3-supplemental pump 4-steering pump 5-functional pump 6, a 23-filter 7-supplemental oil relief valve 8-one-way valve 9-high pressure relief valve 10-flushing shuttle valve 11-flushing overflow valve 12-cooler 13, 24-oil tank 14-flow dividing valve 15-bypass valve 16-variable displacement motor 17-dosing motor 19-pressure compensation valve 20-shuttle valve 21-working cylinder 22-steering relief valve 25-steering control valve 26-metering motor 27-steering cylinder 28-flow control valve 29-wheels 30-wheel-side speed reducer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Fig. 1 shows a power transmission route diagram of the present invention, which is mainly composed of 3 parts: 1) A walking mechanism driven by a swash plate type bidirectional variable plunger pump; 2) A steering mechanism powered by the gear pump; 3) A load sensitive multi-actuator work mechanism for a power source is provided by a gear pump.
The engine 1 is a power source of the whole system, power is respectively transmitted to the two-way variable plunger pump and the two gear pumps through the connecting device, the two-way variable plunger pump is connected with four two-stage variable traveling motors through a closed loop (comprising an oil supplementing loop and a cooling loop) and an anti-slip control valve group, the two-way variable plunger pump has the dual functions of adjusting flow and changing flow direction, the rotating speed and the steering direction of an output shaft can be continuously adjusted, the two-stage variable motors can be suitable for two working states of paddy field agricultural machinery, namely high-speed small load and low-speed large load, by changing the self displacement, the two-stage variable motors are connected with a wheel-side reducer, and the wheel-side reducer can enable the rotating speed of the motor to be matched with the rotating speed of a wheel and play a role of reducing and increasing torsion, and then wheels are directly driven. The oil supplementing pump is integrated in the main hydraulic pump and is used for supplementing the leaked oil of the hydraulic system, and the cooling loop ensures that the performance of the hydraulic oil of the main loop is not influenced due to overhigh temperature. The braking function is realized through the symmetrical and reversible characteristics of the closed hydraulic system, the system is converted into a motor working condition in the braking process, the negative torque is absorbed to realize dynamic braking, the braking system formed by friction elements can be replaced to a great extent, and the control mode meets the requirements of human engineering.
The gear pump 1 provides power for the steering mechanism, the output end of the gear pump is connected with the steering gear, and the steering loop controls the steering hydraulic cylinder through the steering gear so as to realize the steering function.
The gear pump 2 provides power for a multi-actuator valve control load sensitive system, and each working circuit is provided with a control valve and an actuator.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system, an engine is a power source of the whole hydraulic system, a two-way variable plunger pump is directly connected with a two-stage variable motor through a closed loop, the pressure of the variable plunger pump is set by a high-pressure safety valve 9, the closed loop has the advantages of quick response, good speed rigidity and the like, but poor heat dissipation, in order to solve the heat dissipation and leakage problems, a heat exchange loop and an oil supplementing loop are arranged, the oil supplementing loop is provided with a hydraulic pump 3 as a power element, oil is supplemented to the low-pressure side of the hydraulic loop through a one-way valve 8, the heat exchange loop mainly consists of a flushing shuttle valve 10, a flushing overflow valve 11 and a cooler 12, the flushing shuttle valve is in a hydraulic control type, oil on the low-pressure side flows back to an oil tank through the overflow valve and the cooler, the oil temperature control effect is achieved, the anti-slip valve consists of three shunt valves and three bypass valves, when one driving wheel slips, the oil in the loop can be divided into two in proportion (proportion of 1:1), equal amount of hydraulic oil is provided for each driving wheel, the motor slipping problem of one or more parallel motors can be solved, when the two-level motor slipping motor cannot be driven by two-level motor slipping motor is in a large displacement state, and the two-level motor slipping motor is not suitable for driving a paddy field, and the two-level motor slipping motor is in a large displacement state, and the displacement is in a high-level state, and the displacement state is suitable for driving and the two-level motor is in a low-level state. The oil outlets of the four hydraulic motors are connected with a quantitative motor 17, the quantitative motor 17 can drive working components related to the rotating speed and the walking speed, and the proportional relation between the rotating speed and the walking speed with various collocations can be realized by selecting the quantitative motors with different displacement.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the steering pump 4 provides power for the steering mechanism, the output end of the steering pump 4 is connected with the steering gear, and the steering hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the steering gear to realize the steering function, the steering gear uses an open-core non-reaction system, the steering gear mainly comprises a steering valve and a metering motor, a valve core of the steering valve is connected with a steering wheel, a valve sleeve of the steering valve is rigidly connected with a rotor of the metering motor, when the steering wheel is given an angle, the valve core and the valve sleeve perform relative movement, hydraulic oil passes through the motor and the steering hydraulic cylinder, and meanwhile, the metering motor rotates to drive the valve sleeve to rotate, so that the opening amount of the steering valve is reduced to be closed, a new balance is achieved, and the steering hydraulic cylinder uses double-piston rod type double-acting oil cylinders, namely rod cavities are arranged on two sides, so that steering force and steering travel in two directions are uniform.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the functional pump 5 powers a multi-actuator valve-controlled load-sensitive system, the gear pump outlet is connected with a flow control valve, a pressure compensating valve for ensuring that the through flow of the variable throttle valve is proportional to the opening size, the flow control valve is capable of setting a spring bias pressure, and is capable of jointly setting the outlet pressure of the pump with a maximum load, and the shuttle valve is used for transmitting the maximum load pressure of the plurality of actuators to the spring chamber of the flow control valve. The valve-controlled load sensing system can enable the execution elements of different loads to work under respective pressure, and the flow rate is irrelevant to the load pressure change, so that the valve-controlled load sensing system has good power following performance.
Fig. 3 shows a driving running system layout, the engine 1 is connected with the variable plunger pump 2 through a connecting device, the variable plunger pump 2 provides power for the variable motor 16 of the actuating mechanism, and the output end of the variable motor 16 is connected with the wheel reducer 30, and then the wheels 29 are directly driven.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the general inventive concept, and such changes and modifications should be considered as falling within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (2)
1. A general chassis of a hydrostatic drive paddy field working device, which is characterized in that:
comprises an engine (1), a walking driving system, a steering system and a functional working mechanism system;
the walking driving system belongs to a closed system and comprises a walking driving circuit, an oil supplementing circuit and a cooling circuit, wherein the walking driving circuit comprises a variable plunger pump (2), the variable plunger pump (2) is connected with an engine (1), an output oil port of the variable plunger pump (2) is connected with four variable motors (16) through anti-slip control valve groups, and respective output shafts of the four variable motors (16) are connected with wheels (29) through respective wheel edge reducers (30); the anti-skid control valve group comprises three flow dividing valves and three bypass valves, each flow dividing valve is connected with one bypass valve in parallel, the first flow dividing valve is distributed to the second flow dividing valve and the third flow dividing valve, the second flow dividing valve and the third flow dividing valve are respectively distributed to two variable motors (16), and the variable motors are two-gear motors; the oil outlets of the four variable motors (16) are connected with a quantitative motor (17), and the oil outlets of the quantitative motor are connected with an oil return port of the variable plunger pump; the oil supplementing loop comprises an oil supplementing pump (3), and an outlet of the oil supplementing pump is connected with an oil supplementing safety valve; the cooling loop comprises a flushing shuttle valve (10), and an outlet of the flushing shuttle valve is sequentially connected with a flushing overflow valve (11), a cooler (12) and an oil tank (13);
the steering system comprises a steering pump (4), wherein the steering pump (4) is connected with an engine (1), an oil output port of the steering pump is connected with a steering gear, the steering gear is connected with a steering oil cylinder (27), and the steering oil cylinder (27) is a double-piston rod double-acting oil cylinder;
the functional working mechanism system comprises a functional pump (5), wherein the functional pump (5) is connected with the engine (1), and an output oil port of the functional pump is connected with at least two working cylinders through a control element; the control element comprises a pressure compensation valve (19), a flow control valve (28) and a shuttle valve (20), wherein an oil inlet of the pressure compensation valve (19) is connected with the pump, the passing flow of the variable throttle valve is ensured to be in direct proportion to the opening size, the flow control valve (28) sets a spring bias pressure, the outlet pressure of the pump is jointly set with the maximum load, the shuttle valve (20) is communicated with a high-pressure oil cavity of the actuating element, and the maximum load pressure in at least two actuating elements is transmitted to a spring cavity of the flow control valve (28);
the oil supplementing loop comprises an oil supplementing pump, a one-way valve group and an overflow valve, wherein the oil supplementing pump (3) is integrated in the variable pump and is used for supplementing oil leaked by the hydraulic system, the oil supplementing pump is connected with the oil tank through an oil filter, and the oil supplementing loop can maintain a system basic pressure;
the cooling loop comprises a flushing shuttle valve (10), a cooler (12) and a flushing overflow valve (11), wherein two control oil ports of the flushing shuttle valve (10) are respectively connected with the high-pressure end and the low-pressure end of the main loop, so that the hydraulic oil of the main loop is prevented from being excessively high in temperature.
2. A hydrostatically driven paddy field work device universal chassis according to claim 1, wherein: the steering gear is an open-core non-reaction system, when the steering wheel is static, the valve core and the valve sleeve are in the middle position, the oil of the gear pump directly flows back to the oil tank, when the steering wheel rotates, the positions of the valve core and the valve sleeve are changed, and the steering hydraulic cylinder works; the actuating element of the steering system is a double-acting double-piston rod type hydraulic cylinder which can convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and can do reciprocating linear motion to push the steering wheel to swing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810029635.2A CN108184353B (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2018-01-12 | General chassis of hydrostatic drive's paddy field working device |
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| CN201810029635.2A CN108184353B (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2018-01-12 | General chassis of hydrostatic drive's paddy field working device |
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| CN108184353A CN108184353A (en) | 2018-06-22 |
| CN108184353B true CN108184353B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20210289700A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2021-09-23 | The Toro Company | Auxiliary brake system for outdoor grounds maintenance vehicles having hydrostatic traction drive systems |
| CN108860104A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-23 | 山东五征集团有限公司 | The automatic anti-slip system of implement porter walking and its control method |
| CN110242630B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Hydraulic closed system motor characteristic test bench |
| CN111252150A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-09 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Hydrostatic driving wheel-track combined universal chassis of high-clearance rape cutter-rower |
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| CN204653503U (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-09-23 | 石河子大学 | A kind of adjustable for height high-clearance sprayer full hydraulic drive chassis and hydraulic system thereof |
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| CN202833370U (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2013-03-27 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Control device of double motors through double-variable displacement piston pump |
| CN104196788B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-08-31 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | A kind of hydraulic-driven corn straw smashing returning device and using method thereof |
| CN204551195U (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-08-12 | 长安大学 | A kind of cold regenerative machine hydraulic system |
| CN204659440U (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-23 | 吉林大学 | Hydraulic hub motor assistant drive system |
| CN105179343B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-03-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-cylinder synchronous energy-saving efficient hydraulic lifting system and method |
| CN205273184U (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-06-01 | 山东力士泰装备制造有限公司 | Hydrostatic 4 wheel driven system of trolley -bus rubber tyer command car |
| CN105557103B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-01-16 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of high-speed transplanter chassis of hydrostatic drive |
| CN206297406U (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-07-04 | 长安大学 | A kind of land leveller traveling fluid pressure drive device of low-speed big output |
| CN106900234B (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2023-04-07 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Driving system of rice transplanter |
| CN208047206U (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-11-06 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of paddy field equipment universal chassis of hydrostatic drive |
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| CN204653503U (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-09-23 | 石河子大学 | A kind of adjustable for height high-clearance sprayer full hydraulic drive chassis and hydraulic system thereof |
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