CN108183484A - A kind of Semi linearization optimal load flow model of decoupling based on thermal starting environment - Google Patents
A kind of Semi linearization optimal load flow model of decoupling based on thermal starting environment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
- H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Semi linearization optimal load flow model of decoupling based on thermal starting environment.Fitting of a polynomial is carried out to the trigonometric function item in power balance equation first, and voltage magnitude and phase angle are decoupled using the operation characteristic of system, then linearization process is carried out by way of Taylor series expansion to phase angle quadratic term therein, and by the use of the operating point based on the direct current optimal power flow model acquired results of network loss duty value as phase angle quadratic term Taylor series expansion, finally obtain that a kind of voltage phase angle is linear but the nonlinear Semi linearization optimal load flow model of amplitude.The present invention preferably solves dependency problem of the thermal starting class model to operating environment, while the computational accuracy for improving inearized model and the adaptability to big system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric system to linearize optimal load flow model, belongs to technical field of power systems.
Background technology
Optimal load flow (optimal power flow, OPF) is calculated the 1960s by French scholar
Carpentier is put forward for the first time, and is the important means for ensureing power system security economical operation.However, alternating current optimal power flow
(alternating current optimal power flow, ACOPF) model has very strong nonlinear characteristic, and it becomes
Coupling between amount is very close, this causes the computational efficiency of the model relatively low, can not meet the online real-time meter of large scale system
Calculation demand.Therefore, finding suitable linearisation OPF models is particularly important.Direct current optimal power flow (direct current
Optimal power flow, DCOPF) it is the most fast linearisation OPF models of current solving speed.But since the model has ignored
Network loss, and the influence of voltage magnitude and reactive power is not considered, cause its calculating error larger, complete scheduling letter can not be obtained
Breath there are certain bottleneck of applying, therefore studies more perfect and accurate inearized model and has important practical significance.
Alternating current optimal power flow model is the model of field most original involved by the present invention, is originally derived from document Carpentier
J.Contribution à l'étude du dispatching économique[C]//Bull.Soc.D’
Electricit é .1962,3：In 431-447..
The inearized model that voltage magnitude and reactive power are considered while precision is higher in existing technologies is mostly based on heat
The inearized model of Starting mode.Thermal starting mode refers to the previous section historical data in a few days dispatching electric system or existing
Operating point of the data of the types such as the trend of row section as the Taylor series expansion of nonlinear terms.OPF moulds under thermal starting mode
The solution procedure of type carries out always around selected operating point, and therefore, the quality of operating point will directly affect result of calculation
Precision.Linearization process is carried out at the same time to voltage and amplitude to be needed to provide amplitude and phase angle operating point for model, and existing technologies are normal
Using current trend value as operating point, the current trend of acquisition system is needed, therefore when system load flow is unknown, thermal starting side
Inearized model adaptability under formula is deteriorated.Meanwhile the computational accuracy of model can not be effectively ensured using trend value as operating point,
And when coping with certain more demanding to operating environment big systems, in fact it could happen that not convergent situation.Therefore it studies and is applicable in model
Wider array of linearisation OPF models are enclosed to have important practical significance.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The present invention is difficult to the need for meeting bulk power grid operating analysis for alternating current optimal power flow model computational efficiency
Ask, DCOPF models are not counted and the influence of voltage magnitude and reactive power, complete scheduling information, thermal starting class line can not be obtained
Property model it is higher to the dependence of operating point and lack it is quick excellent operation environment is provided method the problems such as, propose a kind of electricity
Pressure amplitude value and phase angle decoupling, the Semi linearization model that voltage magnitude is non-linear but phase angle is linear.Phase angle is linearized for model
The required phase angle operating point information present invention rationally utilizes the higher direct current based on network loss duty value of existing precision during processing
Optimal load flow model, using its acquired results as the phase angle operating point needed for model of the present invention, so as to efficiently solve heat
The problem of Boot Model is high to operating environment dependence expands the scope of application of model.
Technical solution：A kind of Semi linearization optimal load flow model of decoupling based on thermal starting environment, it is characterised in that：Packet
Include following steps：
(1) nonlinear characteristic of alternating current optimal power flow model is analyzed；
(2) multinomial plan is carried out to the trigonometric function item in the system power equilibrium equation in alternating current optimal power flow model
It closes, and using system operating characteristics, voltage magnitude and voltage phase angle is decoupled；
(3) to the voltage phase angle quadratic term in the power balance equation of decoupling by way of Taylor series expansion into line
Propertyization processing, so as to mitigate the nonlinear degree of equation；
(4) by the use of based on the direct current optimal power flow model acquired results of network loss duty value as phase angle quadratic term Taylor grade
The operating point of number expansion improves the computational accuracy of model；
(5) accuracy and high efficiency of verification model are tested by example.
Further, the nonlinear characteristic of alternating current optimal power flow model is analyzed in step (1), provides exchange first
The canonical form of optimal load flow model：
In formula：ngRepresent generator number, a2i、a1iAnd a0iCharacterisitic parameter, P are expended for i-th generatorGi、QGiRespectively
The active power output and idle output of i-th generator, PGk、QGkRespectively it is connected to the active of the kth platform generator in node i
It contributes and idle output, PDi、QDiThe respectively burden with power of node i and load or burden without work, UiFor the voltage magnitude of node i, θij=
θi-θjFor node i and the phase difference of voltage of node j, Gij、BijThe respectively real part and void of the i-th row of admittance matrix jth column element
Portion, Gii、BiiThe respectively real and imaginary parts of node i self-admittance, nbFor the node number of system, PLi、QLiFor i-th branch
Active and reactive power flow, nLFor the branch travel permit number of system,*、The lower and upper limit of respectively each variable；
Two treaties before its nonlinear characteristic is mainly reflected in constraints are can be seen that from alternating current optimal power flow model
Beam namely node power Constraints of Equilibrium and Line Flow constraint in, and due to node power be Line Flow algebraical sum,
It is the key that improve model solution efficiency that linearization process is carried out to Line Flow.
Further, fitting of a polynomial, and profit are carried out in step (2) to the trigonometric function item in system power equilibrium equation
With system operating characteristics, voltage magnitude and voltage phase angle are decoupled, the detailed process of the method is：
3.1 can be derived by Line Flow expression formula by alternating current optimal power flow model is：
In formula：Pij、QijThe respectively effective power flow and reactive power flow of circuit ij, gij、bijRespectively the conductance of circuit ij and
Susceptance；
3.2 due to electric system in the process of running, the phase angle difference at circuit both ends usually existsIt arrivesBetween, according to this
Characteristic, the present invention are fitted the trigonometric function item in system power equilibrium equation using MATLAB Fitting Toolbox, obtain
Following formula：
For convenience of follow-up statement, C is enabled1=0.97, C2=0.49；
3.3 since during Operation of Electric Systems, node voltage maintains 1pu or so always, therefore has UiUj≈ 1, therefore
It can obtain with lower aprons：
3.4 substitute into expression formula described in 3.2-3.3 in the 3.1 Line Flow equations, can obtain voltage magnitude and phase angle
The Line Flow expression formula of decoupling is：
Further, step (3) passes through Taylor series exhibition to the voltage phase angle quadratic term in the power balance equation of decoupling
The mode opened carries out linearization process, mitigates the nonlinear degree of equation, the method the specific steps are：
By θ in Line Flow expression formulaijQuadratic term carry out Taylor series expansion, take its single order item, and ignore and block mistake
Difference can be able to lower aprons：
Above formula is substituted into the Line Flow equation of decoupling, can obtained：
In formula：θij,0ForCarry out the datum mark of Taylor series expansion, i.e. operating point；
At this point, power balance equation can be written as：
Further, by the use of based on the direct current optimal power flow model acquired results of network loss duty value as phase angle quadratic term
The operating point of Taylor series expansion.
Advantageous effect：The present invention is compared with prior art：The semilinear of decoupling of the present invention based on thermal starting environment
Change optimal load flow model, by handling the decoupling of voltage magnitude and phase angle, to the phase angle two in the power balance equation of decoupling
Secondary item carries out linearization process, and utilizes the higher direct current optimal power flow model result based on network loss duty value of existing precision
As the phase angle operating point information needed for model of the present invention, the solution efficiency of OPF models is effectively increased, enriches model
The scheduling information that can be provided, and solve thermal starting class model to a certain extent and asked for the dependence of operating environment is higher
Topic expands the scope of application of model.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is network loss duty value model schematic.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated.
The thinking of the present invention is from alternating current optimal power flow model, analyzes the non-linear spy in alternating current optimal power flow model
Sign, is carried out Approximate Equivalent to the trigonometric function item in system power equilibrium equation by way of fitting of a polynomial, utilizes system
Operation characteristic voltage magnitude and phase angle are decoupled, Taylor is passed through to the phase angle quadratic term in the power balance equation of decoupling
The mode of series expansion carries out linearization process, utilizes the higher direct current optimal power flow based on network loss duty value of existing precision
The model acquired results phase angle operating point information required as the present invention, so as to efficiently solve thermal starting class model for operation
The dependency problem of environment.
Alternating current optimal power flow is a typical nonlinear programming problem, and canonical form includes object function, equation about
Three parts of beam and inequality constraints.The present invention selects object function of the common power generation expense as OPF：
In formula：ngRepresent generator number；a2i、a1iAnd a0iCharacterisitic parameter is expended for i-th generator；PGiFor i-th hair
Motor active power output.
Equality constraint mainly includes the power balance equation of each node：
In formula：PDi、QDiThe respectively burden with power of node i and load or burden without work；UiVoltage magnitude for node i；θij=θi-
θjFor node i and the phase difference of voltage of node j；Gij、BijThe respectively real and imaginary parts of the i-th row of admittance matrix jth column element；nb
Node number for system.
Meanwhile inequality constraints mainly includes：
In formula：QGiIdle output for i-th generator；PLi、QLiActive and reactive power flow for i-th branch；nLFor
The branch travel permit number of system；*、The lower and upper limit of respectively each variable.
Its nonlinear characteristic, which is can be seen that, from the master pattern of alternating current optimal power flow is mainly reflected in node power balance about
In beam and Line Flow constraint, therefore it is the key that improve model solution efficiency that linearization process is carried out to Line Flow.If i, j
For the number of two end nodes of circuit L, then Line Flow can be written as：
In formula：gij、bijThe respectively conductance and susceptance of circuit.
Since there are a large amount of trigonometric function items, the coupling for leading to voltage magnitude and phase angle is closer, is unfavorable in formula (4)
The linearization process of model, therefore equivalence replacement need to be carried out to it.Usually existed according to the phase angle difference at system line both endsIt arrives
Between characteristic, the present invention it is fitted using MATLAB Fitting Toolbox, so as to obtain following equivalent relation：
For convenience of follow-up statement, C is enabled1=0.97, C2=0.49.
Simultaneously as UiUj≈ 1, therefore lower aprons can be able to：
Formula (5)~(6), which are substituted into formula (4), to be obtained：
Voltage magnitude and phase angle are full decoupled in formula (7), but still include the quadratic term of each variable, quadratic term there are one
Determine to influence the solution efficiency of model in degree, thus reduce or removal model in quadratic term be to improve model solution efficiency
It is crucial.At present for the linearization process of quadratic term frequently with the mode of Taylor series expansion, but this is needed a certain ideal
It is carried out in operating point, therefore this method is used to need to provide good operating environment for it.DCOPF is only represented by phase angle
System equilibrium equation, has the advantages that solving speed is fast, as long as good phase angle operating point can be provided by improving its computational accuracy.Cause
Phase angle quadratic term in formula (7) is carried out linearization process by this present invention, to mitigate its nonlinear degree.For this purpose, by θijTwo
Secondary item carries out Taylor series expansion, takes its single order item, and ignore truncated error, can be able to lower aprons：
Formula (8) is substituted into formula (7), can be obtained：
In formula：θij,0ForCarry out the operating point of Taylor series expansion.
At this point, formula (2) can transform to：
The computational accuracy of above-mentioned model needs to rely on good phase angle operating environment, and the present invention is higher using existing precision
Phase angle operating point based on the direct current optimal power flow model acquired results of network loss duty value as model of the present invention, the mould
The main thought of type is on the basis of DCOPF, considers line loss factor, line loss is equally assigned into circuit both ends etc.
The loss to ground resistance is imitated, equivalent model is as shown in Figure 1.In figure：requ,ijFor the equivalent to ground resistance of access leg both ends；
Ploss,ijFor branch active loss.
Due in DCOPF, taking Ui≈Uj≈ 1, therefore work as requ,ij=2/Ploss,ijWhen, each equivalent resistance consumption over the ground
Active power beAt this point, meet Pij=Pji+Ploss,ij, the practical flow situations of coincidence circuit, for Ploss,ij,
(He Tianyu, Wei Zhinong, Sun Guoqiang wait improvement direct current optimal power flow algorithm [J] of based on network loss duty value model to file 1
Automation of Electric Systems, 2016,40 (6)：Have narration, the present invention in detail in 58-64.) to repeat no more.Therefore, based on network loss
The DC Model of duty value can be expressed as following form：
In formula：Network loss duty value for node i；For with the node reciprocal established of branch reactance
Admittance matrix element.
To verify advantage of the model of the present invention with respect to existing technologies, its computational accuracy and computational efficiency are tested
Card, and (Yang Z, Zhong H, Xia Q, the et al.optimal power flow based on of selecting file 2
successive linear approximation of power flow equations[J].IET Generation
Transmission＆Distribution, 2016,10 (14)：3654-3662.) model is as a comparison.Mould described in file 2
Type belongs to thermal starting class inearized model, more intuitively to illustrate dependency problem of the thermal starting class model to operating environment, this hair
(i.e. voltage magnitude is set as 1pu, and voltage phase angle is set as 0) making for the bright current trend value for selecting system respectively and common flat initiation value
For the operating point of model, for convenience of rear narration, it is AC to define alternating current optimal power flow model, and model of the present invention is M_1, trend
2 model of file under operating environment is M_2, and 2 model of file under flat start-up operation environment is M_3.
The present invention is using prim al- dual interior point m ethod (primal-dual interior point method, PDIPM) to each mould
Type is solved, and arithmetic programming is realized on MATLAB 2014a platforms.300 node systems of IEEE, Polish 2383 are saved
Dot system, 2736 node systems of Polish and the big system of 8304 nodes carry out example test.To ensure the system of test environment
One property, the present invention is during each system OPF problems are solved, using identical Sparse technology and convergence precision, to avoid calculation
Difference in method causes the inaccuracy of test result.
Table 1 provides the result of calculation of each model, and wherein relative error refers to the relative error between the model and AC models,
As can be seen from the results there it can be seen that for most systems, M_2 possesses higher precision, but the calculating of M_3 misses
Difference is more than 1.5%, and for 2383 node systems of Polish, it calculates error and has been even up to 4.9%, this 2 institute of supporting paper
State thermal starting model computational accuracy and operating point quality it is closely related.And for the big system of 8304 nodes, either to work as
Preceding trend or flat initiation value can not all provide operating environment good enough as operating point for 2 model of file, so as to cause
It can not effectively be restrained when solving system OPF problems, this further illustrates thermal starting class model to the matter of operating environment
Measurer has very strong dependence, therefore the practical application of the class model has certain limitation.
The different model computational accuracy comparisons of table 1
M_1 remains the voltage magnitude quadratic term in power balance equation, therefore has preferably been fitted system power balance
Relationship between equation and voltage magnitude, and amplitude operating point information need not be provided, and have benefited from based on network loss duty value
The good phase angle operating environment that direct current optimal power flow model is provided for it, the model, will meters when solving each system OPF problems
Control errors are calculated within 5/1000ths.For the 8304 nodes big system more demanding to operating point, which has remained to
Effect convergence, and possess degree of precision.Therefore the direct current optimal power flow model based on network loss duty value is combined, model M _ 1 meets
Requirement of the practical engineering application to computational accuracy has higher practical value.
It, can not Efficient Characterization System Reactive Power tune although object function can reflect the levels of precision of model to a certain extent
Spend the accuracy of information.And Reactive Power Dispatch information needs determined simultaneously by voltage magnitude and phase angle, so generator it is idle go out
Power can reflect the accuracy of system state variables indirectly.Therefore table 2 provides idle output and the AC models that each model solves
Obtain the error between result.From the results, it was seen that thermal starting class model described in file 2 for operating environment dependence compared with
Height, the Reactive Power Dispatch errored message under different operation environment is larger, and since model of the present invention remains amplitude quadratic term,
And the existing direct current optimal power flow model based on network loss duty value can provide good phase angle operating environment for the present invention, therefore
The Reactive Power Dispatch information of model of the present invention is more accurate compared with 2 model of file, and result and AC models are basically identical.To sum up institute
It states, model of the present invention has higher computational accuracy, and efficiently solves model and asked for operating environment dependence is high
Topic improves the robustness of thermal starting model, expands the scope of application of model.
The different module scheduling information (generator reactive output) of table 2 compare
Time comparison is calculated needed for the different models of table 3
In addition to computational accuracy, computational efficiency is also one of important indicator for assessing inearized model quality.Therefore table 3 provides
Each model calculating time required when solving different system and iterations.It should be noted that since M_1 is needed based on net
The direct current optimal power flow model of damage duty value provides phase angle operating point information, therefore the calculating time of M_1 includes in table 3 for it
The time needed for phase angle operating point is obtained, the time required to the time in bracket obtains phase angle operating point.There it can be seen that
Beneficial to the application of powerful MATLAB computing capability and Sparse technology, AC models are in the OPF problems for solving most systems,
It can effectively be restrained in 50 iteration, 7s.But for the big system of 8304 nodes that the present invention tests, AC models need iteration 796 times,
Used time about 165s is restrained, far beyond requirement of the application on site for computational efficiency, therefore the present invention is to linearizing OPF models
Probe into and have important practical significance.Although processing 300 node systems of IEEE, 2383 node systems of Polish and
During 2736 node systems of Polish, the solution efficiency of model of the present invention is saved not as good as model described in file 2, but for 8304
The big system of point, model of the present invention have shortened to 12s or so by the time is calculated, have compared alternating current optimal power flow model and shorten
93%, and model described in file 2 then can not effectively be restrained, therefore model of the present invention is compared with more practical engineering application valency
Value.
To sum up for the comparison of model computational accuracy and solution efficiency, can obtain to draw a conclusion, it is of the present invention to be based on
The Semi linearization optimal load flow model of the decoupling of thermal starting environment has higher computational accuracy and solution efficiency, while to reality
The adaptability of the big system in border is stronger, and preferably solves the problems, such as that thermal starting class model is high for operating environment dependence, has
Higher actual application value.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Semi linearization optimal load flow model of decoupling based on thermal starting environment, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) nonlinear characteristic of alternating current optimal power flow model is analyzed；
(2) fitting of a polynomial is carried out to the trigonometric function item in the system power equilibrium equation in alternating current optimal power flow model, and
Using system operating characteristics, voltage magnitude and voltage phase angle are decoupled；
(3) the voltage phase angle quadratic term in the power balance equation of decoupling is linearized by way of Taylor series expansion
Processing, so as to mitigate the nonlinear degree of equation；
(4) by the use of based on the direct current optimal power flow model acquired results of network loss duty value as phase angle quadratic term Taylor series exhibition
The operating point opened improves the computational accuracy of model；
(5) accuracy and high efficiency of verification model are tested by example.
2. the Semi linearization optimal load flow model of the decoupling as described in claim 1 based on thermal starting environment, it is characterised in that：
Step analyzes the nonlinear characteristic of alternating current optimal power flow model in (1), provides the mark of alternating current optimal power flow model first
Quasi- form：
In formula：ngRepresent generator number, a2i、a1iAnd a0iCharacterisitic parameter, P are expended for i-th generatorGi、QGiRespectively i-th
The active power output of platform generator and idle output, PGk、QGkRespectively it is connected to the active power output of the kth platform generator in node i
With idle output, PDi、QDiThe respectively burden with power of node i and load or burden without work, UiFor the voltage magnitude of node i, θij=θi-θj
For node i and the phase difference of voltage of node j, Gij、BijThe respectively real and imaginary parts of the i-th row of admittance matrix jth column element, Gii、
BiiThe respectively real and imaginary parts of node i self-admittance, nbFor the node number of system, PLi、QLiFor the active of i-th branch and
Reactive power flow, nLFor the branch travel permit number of system,*、The lower and upper limit of respectively each variable；
From alternating current optimal power flow model can be seen that its nonlinear characteristic be mainly reflected in constraints it is preceding two constraint,
It is right namely in node power Constraints of Equilibrium and Line Flow constraint, and due to the algebraical sum that node power is Line Flow
It is the key that improve model solution efficiency that Line Flow, which carries out linearization process,.
3. the Semi linearization optimal load flow model of the decoupling as described in claim 1 based on thermal starting environment, it is characterised in that：
Fitting of a polynomial is carried out in step (2) to the trigonometric function item in system power equilibrium equation, and using system operating characteristics, it will
Voltage magnitude and voltage phase angle decoupling, the detailed process of the method are：
3.1 can be derived by Line Flow expression formula by alternating current optimal power flow model is：
In formula：Pij、QijThe respectively effective power flow and reactive power flow of circuit ij, gij、bijThe respectively conductance and electricity of circuit ij
It receives；
3.2 due to electric system in the process of running, the phase angle difference at circuit both ends usually existsIt arrivesBetween, according to this spy
Property, the present invention trigonometric function item in system power equilibrium equation is fitted using MATLAB Fitting Toolbox, obtain with
Lower expression formula：
For convenience of follow-up statement, C is enabled1=0.97, C2=0.49；
3.3 since during Operation of Electric Systems, node voltage maintains 1pu or so always, therefore has UiUj≈ 1, therefore can be with
It obtains with lower aprons：
3.4 substitute into expression formula described in 3.2-3.3 in the 3.1 Line Flow equations, can obtain voltage magnitude and phase angle decoupling
Line Flow expression formula be：
4. the Semi linearization optimal load flow model of the decoupling as described in claim 1 based on thermal starting environment, it is characterised in that：
Step (3) linearizes the voltage phase angle quadratic term in the power balance equation of decoupling by way of Taylor series expansion
Processing, mitigates the nonlinear degree of equation, the method the specific steps are：
By θ in Line Flow expression formulaijQuadratic term carry out Taylor series expansion, take its single order item, and ignore truncated error, can
It is able to lower aprons：
Above formula is substituted into the Line Flow equation of decoupling, can obtained：
In formula：θij,0ForCarry out the datum mark of Taylor series expansion, i.e. operating point；
At this point, power balance equation can be written as：
5. the Semi linearization optimal load flow model of the decoupling as described in claim 1 based on thermal starting environment, it is characterised in that：
Utilize the behaviour based on the direct current optimal power flow model acquired results of network loss duty value as phase angle quadratic term Taylor series expansion
Make a little.
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| CN110350596A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-10-18 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | It is a kind of for improving the unit output optimization method of receiving end Power Network Transient Stability nargin |
| CN111313425A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-19 | 国网重庆市电力公司 | Load flow model linearization error minimization method based on variable space optimal selection |
| CN113191549A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-30 | 国网山东省电力公司德州供电公司 | Power distribution network source and network joint planning optimization method considering network loss and simplifying alternating current power flow |
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