CN108179390A - 一种[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种[WS2/(100‑x)WS2‑xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层及其制备方法,采用直流磁控溅射法在基底表面制备[WS2/(100‑x)WS2‑xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,包括:预处理;离子轰击清洗;重复单元涂层制备,依次重复沉积WS2涂层与WS2‑WCN复合涂层,得到金属基底[WS2/(100‑x)WS2‑xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,其中重复单元涂层数为n,2≤n≤20,x为WS2‑WCN复合层中WCN的质量百分数,0<x<100,x值顺序递减或递增。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合涂层及其制备方法,尤其是一种具有梯度组成的硫化钨与氮化钨复合涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
二硫化钨润滑涂层具有低摩擦系数以及较大的抗压强度,其广泛应用于航天飞机、军用机械链条传动、超高真空设备的转动、滑动部件上。
发明名称为“一种多相耦合WS2/WN固体润滑薄膜制造方法”的中国专利采用磁控溅射装置在金属材料基体表面先沉积一层WS2膜层,再在所述WS2膜层上沉积一层WS2/WN复合膜层,依次循环沉积所述WS2膜层与WS2/WN复合膜层,解决纯WS2固体润滑薄膜易磨损失效的问题。但是,滑动部件在很多情况下还会与接触面发生碰撞,容易使滑动部件出现裂痕,导致失效;此外,涂层之间热膨胀系数不匹配容易导致涂层之间应力不连续而脱落,从而使使用受到限制,不适合用于对硬度和润滑性需求较高的领域。因此,需要保证WS2固体润滑膜的耐磨性,使薄膜既具有耐磨性又能起到固体润滑效果,还需解决苛刻环境下对滑动部件的硬度、不脱落要求,延长其使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层及其制备方法,以解决固体润滑涂层硬度低的问题,同时保证涂层的耐磨性以及润滑性。采用如下技术方案:一种二硫化钨和碳氮化钨梯度复合涂层,包括金属基底,依次交替沉积单一成分的WS2涂层以及WS2-WCN混合涂层构成一个重复单元涂层,重复单元中混合层由不同质量百分比的二硫化钨和碳氮化钨组成的复合层,即WS2-WCN混合层由质量百分比梯度渐变的WS2和WCN层构成,即多层x值梯度渐变的(100-x)WS2-xWCN复合层构成,其中x为WCN在混合层中的质量百分比,0<x<100;
所述重复单元涂层的数量为n,2≤n≤20,x值顺序递减或递增。
所述金属基底为不锈钢、硬质合金,优选45#钢、304不锈钢。
所述重复单元涂层的厚度为20-100nm,优选30-90nm,更优选50-70nm。所述梯度复合润滑涂层总的厚度为≤2μm,优选为0.5-1.5μm,更优选为0.7-1.2μm。
为了进一步提高金属基底与梯度复合润滑层之间的粘结力,优选的在金属基底与梯度复合润滑层之间存在热膨胀系数介于之间的过渡金属涂层,优选的过渡金属涂层为Ti层或Cr层,所述过渡金属涂层的厚度为50-200nm。
所述梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:将金属基底依次用金相砂纸打磨光滑、酸洗去除表面锈蚀、除油除脂、超声波水洗。
(2)离子轰击清洗:将预处理后的金属基底放置在直流磁控溅射设备的反应腔中,抽真空至1.0-2.0×10-4Pa;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到1-6Pa,其流量控制为200-300sccm;开启旋转支架使旋转速度为20-50r/min,同时打开偏压电源,使其偏压为-300至-800V,对所述金属基底进行离子轰击清洗,清洗时间控制在5-20min。关闭偏压电源。
(3)重复单元涂层制备:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到1-4Pa,其流量控制为200-300sccm;打开WS2靶材控制电源,WS2靶材的溅射功率维持在600-1200W,溅射时间为2-6min,在金属基底上沉积了WS2层;接着同时打开WS2、纯W靶材控制电源,并同时再通入氩气和甲烷混合气体,混合气流量控制为400-600sccm,WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在A+(n-1)a W、A-(n-1)a W或者A-(n-1)a W、A+(n-1)aW,溅射时间为2-6min,在了WS2层上沉积了WS2-WCN混合层;依次重复沉积WS2涂层与WS2-WCN涂层。其中600≤A≤1200,10≤a≤50,重复单元涂层数为n,2≤n≤20。即得到金属基底/WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN…WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN梯度复合润滑涂层,其中0<x<100,x值顺序递减或递增。
(4)关闭靶材电源,对反应腔进行抽真空处理,自然冷却至室温,打开反应腔,将金属基底取出。
所述梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,其中,在步骤(2)和(3)之间进一步包括沉积过渡金属涂层:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到1-4Pa,其流量控制为200-300sccm;打开过渡金属靶材的控制电源,溅射功率为700-1000W,溅射时间为1-4min。
所述过渡金属靶材为纯Ti或纯Cr靶材。
所述过渡金属涂层厚度为50-200nm,优选80-150nm,更优选90-130nm。
所述步骤(3)的混合气体中氩气流量为200-300sccm,甲烷气体流量为200-300sccm。
本发明的技术效果在于:本发明利用直流磁控溅射技术制备了WS2/WS2-WCN多层梯度涂层,具有摩擦系数低、耐磨性能优良且硬度良好。本发明通过控制多层涂层组成上的梯度变化,很好的解决了涂层之间热膨胀系数不匹配导致的应力不连续使涂层脱落的问题,进一步扩大了固体润滑涂层的应用领域。
附图说明
图1为[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层示意图。
图2为实施例1中[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的扫描电镜图。
图3为对比例1中[WS2/WS2-WCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的扫描电镜图。
图4为实施1中[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层摩擦磨损曲线。
图5为实施2中[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层摩擦磨损曲线。
图6为对比例1中[WS2/WS2-WCN]n复合润滑涂层摩擦磨损曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明制备方法作具体的描述。
实施例1
一种[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:将不锈钢基底1依次用金相砂纸打磨光滑、酸洗去除表面锈蚀、除油除脂、超声波水洗。
(2)离子轰击清洗:将预处理后的不锈钢基底1放置在直流磁控溅射设备的反应腔中,抽真空至1.5×10-4Pa;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到3Pa,其流量控制为250sccm;开启旋转支架使旋转速度为40r/min,同时打开偏压电源,使其偏压为-500V,对所述不锈钢基底进行离子轰击清洗,清洗时间控制在10min。关闭偏压电源。
(3)重复单元涂层制备:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到3Pa,其流量控制为200sccm;打开WS2靶材控制电源,WS2靶材的溅射功率维持在600W,溅射时间为6min,在金属基底上沉积了WS2层3;接着同时打开WS2、纯W靶材控制电源,并同时再通入氩气和甲烷混合气体,混合气流量控制为400sccm,其中氩气流量为200sccm、甲烷流量为200sccm WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在600W、1200W,溅射时间为3min,在了WS2层上沉积了WS2-WCN混合层4。依次重复沉积WS2涂层与WS2-WCN涂层,所述重复单元涂层数为10;第二次WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在610W、1190W,溅射时间为3min;第三次WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在620W、1180W,溅射时间为3min;依次类推设置溅射功率。即得到金属基底/WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN…WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN梯度复合润滑涂层。
(4)关闭靶材电源,对反应腔进行抽真空处理,自然冷却至室温,打开反应腔,将金属基底取出。
实施例2
一种[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:将硬质合金基底1依次用金相砂纸打磨光滑、酸洗去除表面锈蚀、除油除脂、超声波水洗。
(2)离子轰击清洗:将预处理后的硬质合金基底1放置在直流磁控溅射设备的反应腔中,抽真空至2.0×10-4Pa;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到4Pa,其流量控制为300sccm;开启旋转支架使旋转速度为30r/min,同时打开偏压电源,使其偏压为-600V,对所述不锈钢基底进行离子轰击清洗,清洗时间控制在10min。关闭偏压电源。
(3)对反应腔进行抽真空处理,使真空度保持在2.0×10-4Pa;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到4Pa,其流量控制为300sccm;打开过渡金属Ti靶材的控制电源,溅射功率为800W,溅射时间为5min,在硬质合金基底1上沉积Ti涂层2。
(4)重复单元涂层制备:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到4Pa,其流量控制为300sccm;打开WS2靶材控制电源,WS2靶材的溅射功率维持在1200W,溅射时间为6min,在金属基底上沉积了WS2层3;接着同时打开开WS2、纯W靶材控制电源,并同时再通入氩气和甲烷混合气体,气流量控制为其流量控制为600sccm,其中氩气流量为200sccm、甲烷流量为400sccm。WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在1200W、600W,溅射时间为4min,在了WS2层上沉积了WS2-WCN混合层4。依次重复沉积WS2涂层与WS2-WCN涂层,所述重复单元涂层数为10;第二次,溅射时间为4min靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在1180W、620W,溅射时间为4min;第三次,溅射时间为4min靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在1160W、640W,溅射时间为4min;依次类推设置溅射功率。即得到金属基底/WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN…WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN梯度复合润滑涂层。
(5)关闭靶材电源,对反应腔进行抽真空处理,自然冷却至室温,打开反应腔,将金属基底取出。
为了更好的理解本发明技术方案所解决的技术问题以及技术效果,本发明采用比较例1来进行对比。
比较例1:
一种[WS2/WS2-WCN]n复合润滑涂层及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理:将不锈钢基底依次用金相砂纸打磨光滑、酸洗去除表面锈蚀、除油除脂、超声波水洗。
(2)离子轰击清洗:将预处理后的不锈钢基底放置在直流磁控溅射设备的反应腔中,抽真空至1.5×10-4Pa;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到3Pa,其流量控制为250sccm;开启旋转支架使旋转速度为40r/min,同时打开偏压电源,使其偏压为-500V,对所述不锈钢基底进行离子轰击清洗,清洗时间控制在10min。关闭偏压电源。
(3)WS2/WS2-WCN涂层制备:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到3Pa,其流量控制为200sccm;打开WS2靶材控制电源,WS2靶材的溅射功率维持在600W,溅射时间为6min,在金属基底上沉积了WS2层;接着同时打开开WS2、纯W靶材控制电源,并同时再通入氩气和甲烷混合气体,气流量控制为其流量控制为400sccm,其中氩气流量为200sccm、甲烷流量为200sccm WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在600W、1200W,溅射时间为6min,在了WS2层上沉积了WS2-WCN混合层。依次重复沉积WS2涂层与WS2-WCN涂层,所述重复单元涂层数为10;每次沉积的参数与第一次沉积参数相同。即得到金属基底/WS2/WS2-WCN/WS2-WCN…/WS2-WCN复合润滑涂层。
(4)关闭靶材电源,对反应腔进行抽真空处理,自然冷却至室温,打开反应腔,将金属基底取出。
图2是实施例1制备的梯度复合润滑涂层的SEM图,图3是对比例1制备的复合润滑涂层的SEM图。从图中可以看出,本发明所制备的涂层具有致密的结构,且具有较平均的平均粗糙度,这保证了涂层在耐磨环境中的良好耐磨性以及寿命。
图4、5是实施例1和2制备的梯度复合润滑涂层摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线,在摩擦过程中平均摩擦系数比较平稳,其数值为0.072、0.070,图6是比较1中制备的复合润滑涂层摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线,涂层在摩擦过程中平均摩擦系数比较平稳,其数值为0.095。经过比较,本发明制备的梯度复合润滑涂层摩擦系数低于对比例,这充分的表明了在相同的工况下,本发明制备的梯度复合润滑涂层具有更好的性能和使用寿命。
硬度测试:涂层硬度与耐磨性有很大的关系,本发明硬度测量方法采用显微硬度法,具体使用显微硬度计进行测量。由于涂层组织并非完全均匀、致密以及组成一致,涂层不同区域的硬度也不同。所以,分别在涂层的不同区域选取15个点来测量各自区域的显微硬度,然后取这15个点的平均值作为涂层的平均硬度。具体的平均硬度结果记载在表1中。从表1的结果可以看出,本发明所制备的梯度复合润滑涂层具有良好的耐磨性以及润滑性,且平均显微硬度明显高于比较例1。
表1
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,包括基底,依次交替沉积的WS2涂层、WS2-WCN混合涂层,所述WS2涂层、WS2-WCN混合涂层构成一个重复单元涂层,所述重复单元涂层的数量为n,2≤n≤20,其中x为WCN在混合层中的质量百分比,0<x<100;其特征在于,从远离基底方向上,所述重复单元涂层中,WCN在混合层中的质量百分比顺序递增或递减。
2.根据权利要求1所述的[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,其特征在于所述金属基底为不锈钢、硬质合金、45#钢、304不锈钢。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,其特征在于所述重复单元涂层的厚度为50-70nm,所述梯度复合润滑涂层总的厚度为0.5-1.5μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,其特征在于在所述金属基底与所述梯度复合润滑层之间存在热膨胀系数介于之间的过渡金属涂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层,其特征在于所述过渡金属涂层为Ti层或Cr层,所述过渡金属涂层的厚度为50-200nm。
6.一种权利要求1至5任一项所述[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)预处理:将金属基底依次用金相砂纸打磨光滑、酸洗去除表面锈蚀、除油除脂、超声波水洗;(2)离子轰击清洗:将预处理后的金属基底放置在直流磁控溅射设备的反应腔中,抽真空至1.0-2.0×10-4Pa;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到1-6Pa,其流量控制为200-300sccm;开启旋转支架使旋转速度为20-50r/min,同时打开偏压电源,使其偏压为-300至-800V,对所述金属基底进行离子轰击清洗,清洗时间控制在5-20min,
关闭偏压电源;(3)重复单元涂层制备:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到1-4Pa,其流量控制为200-300sccm;打开WS2靶材控制电源,WS2靶材的溅射功率维持在600-1200W,溅射时间为2-6min,在金属基底上沉积了WS2层;接着同时打开WS2、纯W靶材控制电源,并同时再通入氩气和甲烷混合气体,混合气流量控制为400-600sccm,WS2靶材以及纯W靶材的溅射功率分别维持在A+(n-1)a W、A-(n-1)a W或者A-(n-1)a W、A+(n-1)a W,溅射时间为2-6min,在了WS2层上沉积了WS2-WCN混合层;依次重复沉积WS2涂层与WS2-WCN涂层,其中600≤A≤1200,10≤a≤50,重复单元涂层数为n,2≤n≤20,即得到金属基底/WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN…WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN梯度复合润滑涂层,其中0<x<100,x值顺序递减或递增;(4)关闭靶材电源,对反应腔进行抽真空处理,自然冷却至室温,打开反应腔,将金属基底取出。
7.根据权利要求6所述[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)和(3)之间进一步包括沉积过渡金属涂层:对反应腔进行抽真空处理;通入高纯氩气使反应腔内的工作气压达到1-4Pa,其流量控制为200-300sccm;打开过渡金属靶材的控制电源,溅射功率为700-1000W,溅射时间为1-4min。
8.根据权利要求6-7任一项所述[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于所述过渡金属靶材为纯Ti或纯Cr靶材。
9.根据权利要求8所述[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于所述过渡金属涂层厚度为50-200nm。
10.根据权利要求6-7任一项所述[WS2/(100-x)WS2-xWCN]n梯度复合润滑涂层的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)的混合气体中氩气流量为200-300sccm,甲烷气体流量为200-300sccm。
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