CN108172171B - 像素驱动电路及有机发光二极管显示器 - Google Patents

像素驱动电路及有机发光二极管显示器 Download PDF

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CN108172171B
CN108172171B CN201711383331.8A CN201711383331A CN108172171B CN 108172171 B CN108172171 B CN 108172171B CN 201711383331 A CN201711383331 A CN 201711383331A CN 108172171 B CN108172171 B CN 108172171B
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CN108172171A (zh
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侯学顺
李光
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/074371 priority patent/WO2019119616A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种像素驱动电路及具有该像素驱动电路的有机发光二极管显示器。本发明的采用6T1C像素结构的像素驱动电路能够对驱动有机发光二极管的驱动晶体管的阈值电压进行有效补偿，使流经有机发光二极管的电流与该驱动晶体管的阈值电压无关，从而消除因该驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移而引起的画面显示不良的现象。

Description

像素驱动电路及有机发光二极管显示器
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光技术领域，具体地讲，涉及一种像素驱动电路及有机发光二极管显示器。
背景技术
近年来，有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)显示器成为国内外非常热门的新兴平面显示器产品，这是因为OLED显示器具有自发光、广视角、短反应时间、高发光效率、广色域、低工作电压、薄厚度、可制作大尺寸与可挠曲的显示器及制程简单等特性，而且它还具有低成本的潜力。
在OLED显示器中，通常利用晶体管(TFT)搭配电容存储信号来控制OLED的亮度灰阶表现。为了达到定电流驱动的目的，每个像素至少需要两个TFT和一个存储电容器来构成，即2T1C模式。图1是现有的OLED显示器的像素驱动电路的电路图。参照图1，现有的OLED显示器的像素包括两个晶体管(TFT)和一个电容器，具体地，包括一个开关TFT T1、一个驱动TFT T2和一个存储电容器Cst。OLED的驱动电流由驱动TFT T2控制，其电流大小为：IOLED＝k(Vgs-Vth)2，其中，k为驱动TFTT2的本征导电因子，由驱动TFT T2本身特性决定，Vth为驱动TFTT2的阈值电压，Vgs为驱动TFT T2的栅电极和第一电极之间的电压。由于长时间的操作，驱动TFT T2的阈值电压Vth会发生漂移，因此会导致OLED的驱动电流变化，从而使得OLED显示器出现显示不良，进而影响显示画面的质量。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种能够消除有机发光二极管的驱动电流被驱动晶体管的阈值电压影响的像素驱动电路及具有该像素驱动电路的有机发光二极管显示器。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种像素，其包括：复位模块、阈值电压补偿模块、发光驱动模块和有机发光二极管；所述复位模块用于在复位阶段从复位信号线和参考电压线分别接收复位信号和参考电压信号，且用于根据接收到的复位信号和参考电压信号产生电位复位信号，所述发光驱动模块用于在复位阶段接收并根据所述电位复位信号进行电位复位；所述阈值电压补偿模块用于在阈值电压补偿阶段从扫描线和数据线分别接收复位信号和数据信号，且用于根据接收到的复位信号和数据信号产生阈值电压补偿信号，所述发光驱动模块用于在阈值电压补偿阶段接收并根据所述阈值电压补偿信号进行阈值电压补偿；所述发光驱动模块用于在发光驱动阶段从使能信号线和电源线分别接收使能信号和电源电压信号，且用于根据接收到的使能信号和电源电压信号产生发光驱动信号，所述有机发光二极管用于接收并根据所述发光驱动信号进行发光。
进一步地，所述复位信号在所述复位阶段保持低电位；所述复位信号在所述阈值电压补偿阶段内保持预定时间的低电位，且在所述预定时间后由低电位转变为高电位；所述复位信号在所述发光驱动阶段保持高电位；所述使能信号在所述复位阶段和所述阈值电压补偿阶段内保持高电位，且在所述发光驱动阶段保持低电位；所述扫描信号在所述复位阶段内保持高电位，且在所述阈值电压补偿阶段内保持低电位，且在所述发光驱动阶段保持高电位。
进一步地，所述复位模块包括：第四晶体管；所述第四晶体管的栅电极连接到所述复位信号线，以用于接收所述复位信号；所述第四晶体管的第一电极连接到所述参考电压线，以用于接收所述参考电压信号；所述第四晶体管的第二电极连接到第一节点。
进一步地，所述第四晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于导通状态；所述第四晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段的预定时间内处于导通状态，且在所述预定时间后处于截止状态；所述第四晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于截止状态。
进一步地，所述阈值电压补偿模块包括：第二晶体管、第三晶体管和电容器；所述第二晶体管的栅电极连接到所述扫描线，以用于接收所述扫描信号；所述第二晶体管的第一电极连接到所述数据线，以用于接收所述数据信号；所述第二晶体管的第二电极连接到所述电容器的第一端；所述第三晶体管的栅电极连接到所述扫描线，以用于接收所述扫描信号；所述第三晶体管的第一电极连接到所述第一节点，所述第三晶体管的第二电极连接到第三节点；所述电容器的第二端连接到所述第一节点。
进一步地，所述第二晶体管和所述第三晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于截止状态；所述第二晶体管和所述第三晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段处于导通状态；所述第二晶体管和所述第三晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于截止状态。
进一步地，所述发光驱动模块包括：第一晶体管、第五晶体管和第六晶体管；所述第一晶体管的栅电极连接到所述第一节点，所述第一晶体管的第一电极连接到第二节点，所述电源线连接到所述第二节点，所述第一晶体管的第二电极连接到所述第三节点；所述第五晶体管的栅电极连接到所述使能信号线，以用于接收使能信号；所述第五晶体管的第一电极连接到所述第二节点，所述第五晶体管的第二电极连接到所述电容器的第一端；所述第六晶体管的栅电极连接到所述使能信号线，以用于接收使能信号；所述第六晶体管的第一电极连接到所述第三节点，所述第六晶体管的第二电极连接到所述有机发光二极管。
进一步地，所述第一晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于截止状态；所述第一晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段处于导通状态；所述第一晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于导通状态；所述第五晶体管和所述第六晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于截止状态；所述第五晶体管和所述第六晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段处于截止状态；所述第五晶体管和所述第六晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于导通状态。
进一步地，所述第一晶体管至所述第六晶体管中的每个晶体管是p沟道晶体管。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种有机发光二极管显示器，其包括上述的像素。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的采用6T1C像素结构的像素驱动电路能够对驱动有机发光二极管的驱动晶体管的阈值电压进行有效补偿，使流经有机发光二极管的电流与该驱动晶体管的阈值电压无关，从而消除因该驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移而引起的画面显示不良的现象。
附图说明
通过结合附图进行的以下描述，本发明的实施例的上述和其它方面、特点和优点将变得更加清楚，附图中：
图1是现有的OLED显示器的像素驱动电路的电路图；
图2是根据本发明的实施例的有机发光二极管显示器的架构图；
图3是根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路的模块图；
图4是根据本发明的实施例的各信号的时序图；
图5是根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路的电路图；
图6A至图6C是根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路的工作过程图。
具体实施方式
以下，将参照附图来详细描述本发明的实施例。然而，可以以许多不同的形式来实施本发明，并且本发明不应该被解释为限制于这里阐述的具体实施例。相反，提供这些实施例是为了解释本发明的原理及其实际应用，从而使本领域的其他技术人员能够理解本发明的各种实施例和适合于特定预期应用的各种修改。
在附图中，为了清楚起见，夸大了层和区域的厚度。相同的标号在整个说明书和附图中表示相同的元器件。
图2是根据本发明的实施例的有机发光二极管显示器的架构图。
参照图2，根据本发明的实施例的有机发光二极管显示器包括：显示面板100、扫描驱动器200和数据驱动器300。需要说明的是，根据本发明的实施例的有机发光二极管显示器还可以包括其他必要的器件，诸如控制扫描驱动器200和数据驱动器300的时序控制器、提供电源正极电压信号和电源负极电压信号的电源电压产生器、提供使能信号的使能信号产生器以及提供参考电压信号的参考电压产生器等。
具体地，显示面板100包括：阵列排布的多个像素PX、N条扫描线G1至GN、M条数据线D1至DM。扫描驱动器200连接到扫描线G1至GN，并驱动扫描线G1至GN。数据驱动器300连接到数据线D1至DM，并驱动数据线D1至DM。
扫描驱动器200能够向每个像素PX提供一个或者多个扫描信号，之后将会描述。数据驱动器300能够向每个像素PX提供数据信号，之后也将会描述。
每个像素PX包括像素驱动电路。以下将对根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路(即像素PX的像素结构)进行详细描述。
图3是根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路的模块图。图4是根据本发明的实施例的各信号的时序图。
参照图3，根据本发明的实施例的有机发光二极管显示器的像素驱动电路包括：复位模块1000、阈值电压补偿模块2000、发光驱动模块3000和有机发光二极管OLED。
一并参照图3和图4，复位模块1000与参考电压线CL和复位信号线FL分别连接。阈值电压补偿模块2000与扫描线GL(其为扫描线G1至GN中的一条)和数据线DL(其为数据线D1至DM中的一条)分别连接。发光驱动模块3000与使能信号线SL和第一电源线VHL分别连接。复位模块1000和阈值电压补偿模块2000连接，发光驱动模块3000连接在复位模块1000和阈值电压补偿模块2000之间。有机发光二极管OLED与发光驱动模块3000连接。
复位模块1000用于在复位阶段从复位信号线FL和参考电压线CL分别接收复位信号Reset和参考电压信号Vref，且用于根据接收到的复位信号Reset和参考电压信号Vref产生电位复位信号，发光驱动模块3000用于在复位阶段接收并根据该电位复位信号进行电位复位。
阈值电压补偿模块2000用于在阈值电压补偿阶段从扫描线GL和数据线DL分别接收扫描信号Scan和数据信号Vdata，且用于根据接收到的扫描信号Scan和数据信号Vdata产生阈值电压补偿信号，发光驱动模块3000用于在阈值电压补偿阶段接收并根据所述阈值电压补偿信号进行阈值电压补偿。
发光驱动模块3000用于在发光驱动阶段从使能信号线SL和第一电源线VHL分别接收使能信号Em和电源电压信号Vdd，且用于根据接收到的使能信号Em和电源电压信号Vdd产生发光驱动信号，有机发光二极管OLED用于接收并根据所述发光驱动信号进行发光。这里，电源电压信号Vdd为高电位。
进一步地，有机发光二极管OLED的阳极连接到发光驱动模块3000，而有机发光二极管OLED的阴极连接到第二电源线VLL，以从第二电源线VLL接收低电位的电源电压信号Vss。
以下将对上述各模块采用的具体电路结构进行详细描述。图5是根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路的电路图。
参照图5，根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路具有6T1C像素结构。
具体地，复位模块1000包括第四晶体管T4。第四晶体管T4的栅电极连接到复位信号线FL，以用于接收复位信号Reset；第四晶体管T4的第一电极连接到参考电压线CL，以用于接收参考电压信号Vref；第四晶体管T4的第二电极连接到第一节点g。在本实施例中，参考电压信号Vref为低电位，其电压可被设置为-3～-2V，但本发明并不限制于此。
阈值电压补偿模块2000包括第二晶体管T2、第三晶体管T3和电容器C。第二晶体管T2的栅电极连接到扫描线GL，以用于接收扫描信号Scan；第二晶体管T2的第一电极连接到数据线DL，以用于接收数据信号Vdata；第二晶体管T2的第二电极连接到电容器C的第一端。第三晶体管T3的栅电极连接到扫描线GL，以用于接收扫描信号Scan；第三晶体管T3的第一电极连接到第一节点g，第三晶体管T3的第二电极连接到第三节点d。电容器C的第二端连接到第一节点g。在本实施例中，数据信号Vdata为高电位，其电压可被设置为2～6V，但本发明并不限制于此。
发光驱动模块3000包括第一晶体管T1、第五晶体管T5、第六晶体管T6。第一晶体管T1的栅电极连接到第一节点g，第一晶体管T1的第一电极连接到第二节点s，第一晶体管T1的第二电极连接到第三节点d。这里，第一电源线VHL连接到第二节点s，以向第二节点s提供高电位的电源电压信号Vdd。第五晶体管T5的栅电极连接到使能信号线SL，以用于接收使能信号Em；第五晶体管T5的第一电极连接到第二节点s，第五晶体管T5的第二电极连接到电容器C的第一端。第六晶体管T6的栅电极连接到使能信号线SL，以用于接收使能信号Em；第六晶体管T6的第一电极连接到第三节点d，第六晶体管T6的第二电极连接到有机发光二极管OLED。具体地，第六晶体管T6的第二电极连接到有机发光二极管OLED的阳极。在本实施例中，电源电压信号Vdd为高电位，其电压可为1～2V，电源电压信号Vss为低电位，其电压可为-6～-5V，但本发明并不限制于此。
这里，第一晶体管T1至第六晶体管T6中的每个的第一电极可以是源电极或漏电极，并且第一晶体管T1至第六晶体管T6中的每个的第二电极可以是与第一电极不同的电极。
例如，当第一电极是漏电极时，第二电极是源电极；而当第一电极是源电极时，第二电极是漏电极。
第一晶体管T1至第六晶体管T6中的每个可以具有相同的沟道形状。
例如，第一晶体管T1至第六晶体管T6中的每个可以具有p沟道形状。
因此，第一晶体管T1至第六晶体管T6中的每个可利用多晶硅薄膜晶体管、非晶硅薄膜晶体管或者氧化物薄膜晶体管来实现。
以下将对根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路的工作原理进行详细描述。在本实施例中，采用了6T1C像素结构的根据本发明的实施例的像素驱动电路依次执行复位操作(即处于复位阶段)、阈值电压补偿操作(即处于阈值电压补偿阶段)以及发光驱动操作(即处于发光驱动阶段)。图6A至图6C是根据本发明的像素驱动电路的工作过程图。在图6A至图6C中，晶体管上的叉符号(×)表示该晶体管处于截止状态，晶体管上没有叉符号(×)表示该晶体管处于导通状态。
首先，在复位阶段，参照图4和图6A，复位信号Reset为低电位，扫描信号Scan和使能信号Em为高电位；此时，第四晶体管T4导通，第二晶体管T2、第三晶体管T3、第五晶体管T5和第六晶体管T6均截止。导通的第四晶体管T4将参考电压信号Vref提供到第一晶体管T1的栅电极，以使第一晶体管T1的栅电极被复位到低电位的参考电压信号Vref，但该参考电压信号Vref不足以导通第一晶体管T1，因此第一晶体管T1处于截止状态。
在阈值电压补偿阶段，扫描信号Scan为低电位，使能信号Em为高电位，而复位信号Reset先保持预定时间的低电位，并在所述预定时间后由低电位转变为高电位。也就是说，进入阈值电压补偿阶段后，复位信号Reset与扫描信号Scan在所述预定时间内均为低电位，而在预定时间之后，扫描信号Scan依旧保持低电位，而复位信号Reset保持高电位。此时，第四晶体管T4在预定时间内导通，而在预定时间之后截止，第二晶体管T2和第三晶体管T3导通，第五晶体管T5和第六晶体管T6均截止，数据信号Vdata存储在电容器C中。由于复位信号Reset先保持预定时间的低电位，并在所述预定时间后由低电位转变为高电位，因此第一晶体管T1的栅电极不会被耦合到过高的电压。在阈值电压补偿阶段结束时，第一晶体管T1的栅电极电压Vg＝Vdd+Vth，，第一晶体管T1处于导通状态，其中Vth为第一晶体管T1的阈值电压。
在发光驱动阶段，复位信号Reset为高电位，扫描信号Scan为高电位，使能信号Em为低电位。此时，第五晶体管T5和第六晶体管T6导通，第二晶体管T2、第三晶体管T3和第四晶体管T4截止。电容器C将Vdd-Vdata的电压耦合到第一晶体管T1的栅电极，第一晶体管T1的栅电极电压Vg＝2Vdd-Vdata+Vth，因此第一晶体管T1导通。第一节点g与第二节点s之间的压差Vg-Vs＝2Vdd-Vdata+Vth-Vdd＝Vdd-Vdata+Vth。
如此，流经有机发光二极管OLED的电流I表示为：
I＝k(Vgs-Vth)2＝k(Vdd+Vth-Vdata-Vth)2＝k(Vdd-Vdata)2
其中，k表示第一晶体管T1的本征导电因子，由第一晶体管T1本身特性决定。
因此，在流经有机发光二极管OLED的电流I的表达式中，电流I与第一晶体管T1的阈值电压Vth无关，这样可以消除第一晶体管T1的阈值电压Vth漂移引起的画面显示不良现象。
综上所述，根据本发明的实施例，流经有机发光二极管的电流与驱动晶体管的阈值电压无关，这样消除了因驱动晶体管的阈值电压的漂移引起的画面显示不良现象。
虽然已经参照特定实施例示出并描述了本发明，但是本领域的技术人员将理解：在不脱离由权利要求及其等同物限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可在此进行形式和细节上的各种变化。

Claims (6)

1.一种像素驱动电路，其特征在于，包括：
复位模块，用于在复位阶段从复位信号线和参考电压线分别接收复位信号和参考电压信号，且用于根据接收到的复位信号和参考电压信号产生电位复位信号；
阈值电压补偿模块，用于在阈值电压补偿阶段从扫描线和数据线分别接收扫描信号和数据信号，且用于根据接收到的扫描信号和数据信号产生阈值电压补偿信号；
发光驱动模块，用于在复位阶段接收并根据所述电位复位信号进行电位复位，且用于在阈值电压补偿阶段接收并根据所述阈值电压补偿信号进行阈值电压补偿，且用于在发光驱动阶段从使能信号线和电源线分别接收使能信号和电源电压信号，且用于根据接收到的使能信号和电源电压信号产生发光驱动信号；
有机发光二极管，用于接收并根据所述发光驱动信号进行发光；
其中，所述复位模块包括：第四晶体管；所述第四晶体管的栅电极连接到所述复位信号线，以用于接收所述复位信号；所述第四晶体管的第一电极连接到所述参考电压线，以用于接收所述参考电压信号；所述第四晶体管的第二电极连接到第一节点；所述第四晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于导通状态；所述第四晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段的预定时间内处于导通状态，且在所述预定时间后处于截止状态；所述第四晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于截止状态；
所述阈值电压补偿模块包括：第二晶体管、第三晶体管和电容器；所述第二晶体管的栅电极连接到所述扫描线，以用于接收所述扫描信号；所述第二晶体管的第一电极连接到所述数据线，以用于接收所述数据信号；所述第二晶体管的第二电极连接到所述电容器的第一端；所述第三晶体管的栅电极连接到所述扫描线，以用于接收所述扫描信号；所述第三晶体管的第一电极连接到所述第一节点，所述第三晶体管的第二电极连接到第三节点；所述电容器的第二端连接到所述第一节点；
所述发光驱动模块包括：第一晶体管、第五晶体管和第六晶体管；所述第一晶体管的栅电极连接到所述第一节点，所述第一晶体管的第一电极连接到第二节点，所述电源线连接到所述第二节点，所述第一晶体管的第二电极连接到所述第三节点；所述第五晶体管的栅电极连接到所述使能信号线，以用于接收使能信号；所述第五晶体管的第一电极连接到所述第二节点，所述第五晶体管的第二电极连接到所述电容器的第一端；所述第六晶体管的栅电极连接到所述使能信号线，以用于接收使能信号；所述第六晶体管的第一电极连接到所述第三节点，所述第六晶体管的第二电极连接到所述有机发光二极管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述复位信号在所述复位阶段保持低电位；所述复位信号在所述阈值电压补偿阶段内保持预定时间的低电位，且在所述预定时间后由低电位转变为高电位；所述复位信号在所述发光驱动阶段保持高电位；
所述使能信号在所述复位阶段和所述阈值电压补偿阶段内保持高电位，且在所述发光驱动阶段保持低电位；
所述扫描信号在所述复位阶段内保持高电位，且在所述阈值电压补偿阶段内保持低电位，且在所述发光驱动阶段保持高电位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述第二晶体管和所述第三晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于截止状态；所述第二晶体管和所述第三晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段处于导通状态；所述第二晶体管和所述第三晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于截止状态。
4.根据权利要求1所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述第一晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于截止状态；所述第一晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段处于导通状态；所述第一晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于导通状态；
所述第五晶体管和所述第六晶体管被配置为在所述复位阶段处于截止状态；所述第五晶体管和所述第六晶体管被配置为在所述阈值电压补偿阶段处于截止状态；所述第五晶体管和所述第六晶体管被配置为在所述发光驱动阶段处于导通状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述第一晶体管至所述第六晶体管中的每个晶体管是p沟道晶体管。
6.一种有机发光二极管显示器，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至5任一项所述的像素驱动电路。
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