CN108168967A - 一种鱼类预警信息素的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,本发明通过匀浆鱼体两侧大部分皮肤组织,可获得高浓度的目标溶液,极大地提高了工作效率,同时显著减少了实验动物的伤亡数。通过自制的开孔器定量获取一定面积的皮肤组织,并依据皮肤面积计算出所获得的鱼类预警信息素的含量,极大地提高了研究精度,显著降低了实验人为误差。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鱼类预警信息素的制备及使用方法。
背景技术
鱼类预警信息素主要由皮肤棒状细胞分泌,当皮肤受到来自捕食者等外界的机械性损伤时释放至水体,从而引起同伴迅速的预警响应。鱼类预警信息素由于其重要的生态学功能,在鱼类行为学、进化生物学、水域生态学、保护生态学以及污染生态学等领域已备受科学家重视,相关研究正逐渐成为热点领域。然而,迄今为止,鱼类预警信息素的制备及其使用方法不仅效率很低而且人为误差较大,已成为相关研究重要的制约因素。现有的制备方法一般采用以下步骤:1将实验鱼用MS-222或丁香酚等药物麻醉,2在鱼体两侧划割几刀,3冲洗伤口得到目标溶液(预警信息素),4人为滴加目标溶液至测定装置。 这种方法有其不足之处:第一,采用药物麻醉的办法对某些鱼类效果较差,轻度麻醉难以消除动物痛苦,深度麻醉则容易导致实验鱼死亡。第二,未充分考虑不同生活史状态实验鱼预警信息素可能存在变异,影响所获得溶液的浓度效应。第三,在鱼体两侧割几刀并冲洗伤口得到目标溶液的方法,尽管可行,但存在很多局限性。其一,对皮肤组织或细胞的破坏程度有限,可获得的预警信息素很少,效率很低;其二,某些鱼类很有坚硬的鳞片,划割几刀的方法不易实行,而且对鳞片的破坏干扰划线区域实际所产生破坏性;其三,划割几刀的方法不易把握划伤的深度及其一致性,划割的深度浅则所划割区域可能有部分皮肤未被彻底损伤,划割的深度深浅可能导致血液流出(某些鱼类的血液中亦含有一定量的预警信息素),严重影响研究精度。第四,人为滴加目标溶液至测定装置,对实验动物干扰太大,严重影响行为学观测。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效、精确的鱼类预警信息素的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括下列步骤:
(1)首先将实验鱼用电击法麻醉或直接断头处死;实验鱼的大小,生活史状态应该保持一致。
(2)测定实验鱼常规形态学参数;
(3)分别在实验鱼身体两侧皮肤上轻轻打孔,并计算出孔的面积大小;
(4)采用皮肤剥离技术依次将实验鱼身体两侧所钻孔内的皮肤组织完整剥离,并精确计算出孔的面积;
(5)将所剥离的皮肤组织加入水溶液低温匀浆,充分破碎皮肤细胞,其中,所用水溶液为实验鱼真实生活的水体溶液,所加的量为10 ml/cm2;
(6)采用高速离心机将匀浆液以6000rpm低温离心10分钟,分离取得上层清液,即为目标溶液,依据皮肤面积计算出所获得的鱼类预警信息素的相对含量。
所述步骤(1)至(4)在2分钟内完成,步骤(1)至(5)在10分钟内完成。
所述步骤(3)在冰上完成,打孔需要防止血液流出; 至(4)在2分钟内完成,步骤(1)至(5)在10分钟内完成。
所述步骤(3)需要在冰上完成,打孔要浅,防止血液流出。
所述步骤(4)在冰上完成。
本发明通过匀浆鱼体两侧大部分皮肤组织,可获得高浓度的目标溶液,极大地提高了工作效率,同时显著减少了实验动物的伤亡数。通过自制的开孔器定量获取一定面积的皮肤组织,并依据皮肤面积计算出所获得的鱼类预警信息素的含量,极大地提高了研究精度,显著降低了实验人为误差。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的说明。
首先将实验鱼用电击法麻醉或直接断头处死,实验鱼的大小,生活史状态应该保持一致。
1. 测定实验鱼体长、体重、体高等常规形态学参数。
2. 采用开孔器分别在实验鱼身体两侧皮肤上轻轻打孔,可以依据不同鱼类的体型特征选择不同大小和形状的自制钻头进行打孔,并精确计算出孔的面积大小。该过程在冰上完成,打孔要浅,要防止血液流出,因为某些鱼类的血液中亦含有一定量的预警信息素。
3. 采用皮肤剥离技术依次将实验鱼身体两侧所钻孔内的皮肤组织完整剥离(冰上操作)。在此基础上,依据孔的面积(皮肤面积)计算出所获得的鱼类预警信息素的相对含量。
4. 将所剥离的皮肤组织加入一定量的水溶液低温匀浆3次以上,充分破碎皮肤细胞。其中,所用水溶液为实验鱼真实生活的水体溶液,所加的量(浓度值)一般为1 ml/cm2,以上1-4步骤操作在2分钟内完成,步骤1-5所有操作在10分钟内完成。
5. 采用高速离心机将匀浆液以6000rpm低温离心10分钟,分离取得上层清液,即为目标溶液(含有高浓度的预警信息素)。
Claims (5)
1.一种鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括下列步骤:
(1)首先将实验鱼用电击法麻醉或直接断头处死;实验鱼的大小,生活史状态,应该保持一致;
(2)测定实验鱼常规形态学参数;
(3)分别在实验鱼身体两侧皮肤上轻轻打孔,并计算出孔的面积大小;
(4)采用皮肤剥离技术依次将实验鱼身体两侧所钻孔内的皮肤组织完整剥离,并精确计算出孔的面积;
(5)将所剥离的皮肤组织加入水溶液低温匀浆,充分破碎皮肤细胞,其中,所用水溶液为实验鱼真实生活的水体溶液,所加的量为10 ml/cm2;
(6)采用高速离心机将匀浆液以6000rpm低温离心10分钟,分离取得上层清液,即为目标溶液,依据皮肤面积计算出所获得的鱼类预警信息素的相对含量。
2.如权利要求1所述的鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)至(4)在2分钟内完成,步骤(1)至(5)在10分钟内完成。
3.如权利要求1所述的鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)在冰上完成,打孔需要防止血液流出;至(4)在2分钟内完成,步骤(1)至(5)在10分钟内完成。
4.如权利要求1所述的鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)需要在冰上完成,打孔要浅,防止血液流出。
5.如权利要求1所述的鱼类预警信息素的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)在冰上完成。
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CN114397158A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-26 | 重庆师范大学 | 一种鱼类预警信息素的制备方法 |
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CN1763090A (zh) * | 2005-10-11 | 2006-04-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | 鲟科鱼类卵黄磷蛋白的制备方法及其应用 |
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CN103238591A (zh) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-14 | 中国农业大学 | 一种蚜虫报警信息素类似物的微乳剂及其制备方法 |
CN104894145A (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-09-09 | 天津农学院 | 一种乌克兰鳞鲤pepck基因及标定鲤科鱼类血糖的方法 |
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CN1763090A (zh) * | 2005-10-11 | 2006-04-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | 鲟科鱼类卵黄磷蛋白的制备方法及其应用 |
WO2010018545A1 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-18 | Universite De Lausanne | Detection and use of pheromones |
CN103238591A (zh) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-14 | 中国农业大学 | 一种蚜虫报警信息素类似物的微乳剂及其制备方法 |
CN104894145A (zh) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-09-09 | 天津农学院 | 一种乌克兰鳞鲤pepck基因及标定鲤科鱼类血糖的方法 |
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ERIKA G. SCHIELKE ET AL.: "Size matters: comparing stable isotope ratios of tissue plugs and whole organisms", 《LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY:METHODS》 * |
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CN114397158A (zh) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-26 | 重庆师范大学 | 一种鱼类预警信息素的制备方法 |
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