CN108166085B - Fiber preparation device - Google Patents
Fiber preparation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108166085B CN108166085B CN201711385642.8A CN201711385642A CN108166085B CN 108166085 B CN108166085 B CN 108166085B CN 201711385642 A CN201711385642 A CN 201711385642A CN 108166085 B CN108166085 B CN 108166085B
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- movable baffle
- airflow
- cam
- distribution cavity
- airflow generator
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D13/00—Complete machines for producing artificial threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/14—Stretch-spinning methods with flowing liquid or gaseous stretching media, e.g. solution-blowing
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber preparation device, and relates to the technical field of non-woven fabric spinning. The device comprises a hopper, a high-temperature screw, a distribution cavity, an airflow generator, an airflow heater, an air jet hole and a spinneret hole, wherein the hopper is arranged above one end of the high-temperature screw, and the other end of the high-temperature screw is connected with the distribution cavity; the airflow generator is provided with an airflow heater; the spinneret orifices are arranged at the lower end of the distribution cavity, and two gas injection holes are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of each spinneret orifice; the airflow generator is respectively communicated with two air injection holes at the lower end of the distribution cavity through two air pipes, and the hopper is communicated with the spinneret holes in the distribution cavity through a high-temperature screw rod; the airflow generator is also internally provided with an alternating airflow generator which comprises a cam rotor, a cam rotating shaft, a connecting rod, a fixed rod, a movable baffle and a power supply device. The preparation device provided by the invention can improve the drafting efficiency, prepare finer superfine fibers and is suitable for being applied to a plurality of fields such as medical materials, filtering and adsorbing materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabric spinning, in particular to a fiber preparation device.
Background
The illegal manufacture of cloth from superfine fiber has many uses, mainly including air conditioner filters, masks, purifier filter elements, etc.
Among them, the melt-blowing method is a technique for commercially producing ultrafine fibers at present, and related technical documents mainly include US patents (US 3959421, US 5075068) in which a polymer melt is extruded through a spinneret and then drawn by two streams of high-speed, high-temperature hot air to be refined into ultrafine fibers. The spinning process needs molten polymer fluid, high-speed and high-temperature hot air, which consumes large energy, and the diameter of the spun fiber is more than 1 micron.
In the specific process of preparing superfine fibers by adopting a melt-blowing method by using the conventional superfine fiber preparation device, a worker adds granular slices of a polymer from a hopper A, and then the granular slices are melted into a polymer melt through the extrusion and heating actions of a high-temperature screw B. The polymer melt is extruded from the spinneret orifice D under the action of the quantitative output of the distribution cavity C, and the extruded polymer melt is blown and sprayed by high-temperature and high-speed airflow generated by the fan E to be attenuated into superfine fibers, wherein the superfine fiber preparation device is shown as figure 1.
It should be noted that the air blowing mode of the existing melt blowing technology is continuous and uniform air blowing, and the limit of the fiber diameter is 1 micron. In conventional melt blowing, the two air streams are symmetrical, and have a downward combined velocity at the center line, and the fibers fall vertically after being extruded from the spinneret orifice. That is, the fibers are subjected to a downward draft force by the air flow. As shown in FIG. 2, if the direction of the fiber L (the axial direction of the fiber) is parallel to the direction of the air flow, the drawing force of the fiber by the air flow is called the frictional resistance FpThat is, in the conventional melt-blowing process, the drawing of the fibers is performed by means of the frictional resistance of the fibers to the air flow. In addition, if the velocity of the air flow is perpendicular to the axial direction of the fiber, the force of the air flow on the fiber is called the differential pressure resistance FNIn FIG. 2, ϕ denotes the frictional resistance FpWith combined force FtThe included angle of (a).
The inventor finds that the drafting effect of the differential pressure resistance on the fiber is obviously much larger than that of the friction resistance, and the fiber in the traditional melt-blown process obviously cannot effectively utilize the drafting effect of the differential pressure resistance, so that the traditional melt-blown technology in the industrial production is difficult to break through the limit of 1 micron, and the application of the melt-blown superfine fiber non-woven fabric material depends greatly on the fiber diameter, and the thinner the fiber diameter is, the wider the application range is.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the fiber preparation device, and the alternating airflow generator is arranged in the fiber preparation device, so that when the preparation device is used for preparing superfine fibers by a melt-blowing method, the airflow generator can generate alternating airflow to draft a polymer melt in a drafting mode with pressure difference resistance as a leading factor, thereby improving the drafting efficiency and preparing the finer superfine fibers. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a fiber preparation device, which comprises a hopper, a high-temperature screw, a distribution cavity, an airflow generator, an airflow heater, an air jet hole and a spinneret hole, and is characterized in that:
the hopper is arranged above one end of the high-temperature screw rod, and the other end of the high-temperature screw rod is connected with the distribution cavity; the airflow generator is provided with the airflow heater; the spinneret orifices are arranged at the lower end of the distribution cavity, and two gas injection orifices which are opposite to the horizontal plane and form a preset angle are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of each spinneret orifice; the airflow generator is respectively communicated with the two air injection holes at the lower end of the distribution cavity through two air pipes, and the hopper is communicated with the spinneret holes in the distribution cavity through the high-temperature screw; the alternating airflow generator is used for changing the airflow generated by the airflow generator through the two air injection holes into alternating airflow;
alternating current generator includes cam rotor, cam shaft, connecting rod, dead lever, removal baffle and power supply device, wherein:
one end of the movable baffle is provided with a vent hole with the same pipe diameter as the vent pipe in a hollow manner, and one end of the movable baffle is rotatably connected with one end of the connecting rod;
the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the fixed rod, the fixed rod is fixedly arranged on the surface side of the cam rotor, and the position of the fixed rod is located at a preset position on the radius of the cam rotor;
the cam rotating shaft is arranged at a preset position at the bottom of the airflow generator, the cam rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the cam rotor, and the position of the cam rotating shaft is located at a preset position on the radius of the cam rotor;
the power supply device is in transmission connection with the cam rotating shaft and is used for providing rotating power for the cam rotating shaft so as to drive the cam rotor to rotate by taking the cam rotating shaft as a center and drive the movable baffle to move left and right back and forth along the horizontal direction;
when the movable baffle moves to the leftmost side, the left vent pipe is blocked by the movable baffle, and the right vent pipe is communicated with the vent hole of the movable baffle; when the movable baffle moves to the rightmost side, the right side vent pipe is blocked by the movable baffle, and the left side vent pipe is not blocked by the movable baffle.
In a preferred embodiment, the alternating current generator further includes sliding grooves, which are disposed on two sides of the moving baffle parallel to the moving direction of the moving baffle, and are used for ensuring that the moving baffle moves along the horizontal direction.
In a preferred embodiment, the material of the cam rotor is stainless steel.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation device further comprises a fiber collection conveyor belt.
Compared with the prior art, the fiber preparation device provided by the invention has the following advantages:
through setting up the alternating current generator for this preparation facilities is when using the melt-blown process preparation superfine fiber, and the air current generator can produce the alternating air current and carry out the draft mode that pressure differential resistance is the leading to the polymer fuse-element and draft, thereby has improved draft efficiency, and the preparation obtains thinner superfine fiber, is applicable in a plurality of fields such as medical material, filtration adsorption material and uses.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for manufacturing ultrafine fibers according to the related art.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the force exerted on a fiber in an airflow field.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure difference resistance and the frictional resistance of the fiber under the same conditions.
FIG. 4 is an apparatus schematic of a fiber production apparatus shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a state diagram showing a power supply apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a state diagram showing another power supply apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a graph of a trajectory mechanics simulation of polymer melt stretching in a mechanics model.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing changes in fiber diameter obtained as a result of mechanical simulation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments (but not limited to) and the accompanying drawings, the specific method of the embodiments is only for illustrating the invention, the scope of the invention is not limited by the embodiments, the invention can be applied to various modifications and changes of shape and structure, and these equivalents based on the invention are also within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The inventor researches the process of preparing the fiber by adopting the melt-blowing method in the existing superfine fiber preparation device shown in figure 1, and finds that two airflows in the existing melt-blowing process are supplied by a fan in a unified way, namely the left and right airflows are continuous and symmetrical, and the fiber is subjected to frictional resistance FpThe pressure difference resistance F is found by force analysis under the same conditionNThe drawing efficiency on the fibres being the frictional resistance FpMany times, as shown in fig. 3, it shows that the fiber is subjected to the pressure difference resistance F under the same condition in the process of preparing the fiber by the existing superfine fiber preparing device by the melt-blowing methodNAnd frictional resistance FpThe stress relationship of (1) is shown schematically.
In order to make better use of the differential pressure resistance FNThe invention adopts an airflow blowing mode that left and right airflows are alternately blown and sprayed, so that the drafting of the fiber (polymer melt) is influenced by the pressure difference resistance, and the high-efficiency drafting is realized.
Fig. 4 is an apparatus schematic diagram illustrating a fiber preparation apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment, the fiber preparation apparatus including a hopper 10, a high temperature screw 20, a distribution chamber 30, a gas flow generator 40, a gas flow heater 50, gas injection holes 60, and spinneret holes 70.
The hopper 10 is arranged above one end of the high-temperature screw rod 20, and the other end of the high-temperature screw rod 20 is connected with the distribution cavity 30; the airflow generator 40 is provided with the airflow heater 50; the spinneret holes 70 are arranged at the lower end of the distribution cavity 30, and two gas injection holes 60 which form a preset angle relative to the horizontal plane are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the spinneret holes 70; the airflow generator 40 is respectively communicated with the two air injection holes 60 at the lower end of the distribution cavity 30 through two air pipes 90, and the hopper 10 is communicated with the spinneret holes 70 in the distribution cavity 30 through the high-temperature screw 20; still be provided with alternating current generator 80 in the airflow generator 40, alternating current generator 80 is used for making the airflow that airflow generator 40 produced through two fumaroles 60 changes into alternating current.
It should be noted that the airflow generator 40 may also be provided with a pressure gauge or a flow meter for detecting or controlling the flow rate of the airflow in the airflow generator.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the alternating current generator 80 includes a cam rotor 81, a cam rotating shaft 82, a connecting rod 83, a fixing rod 84, a moving baffle 85 and a power supply device 86, wherein:
one end of the movable baffle 85 is provided with a vent hole 87 with the same pipe diameter as the vent pipe 90 in a hollow manner, and one end of the movable baffle 85 is rotatably connected with one end of the connecting rod 83;
the other end of the connecting rod 83 is rotatably connected with the fixing rod 84, the fixing rod 84 is fixedly arranged on the surface side of the cam rotor 81, and the position of the fixing rod 84 is located at a preset position on the radius of the cam rotor 81;
the cam rotating shaft 82 is arranged at a preset position at the bottom of the airflow generator 40, the cam rotating shaft 82 is fixedly connected with the cam rotor 81, and the position of the cam rotating shaft 82 is located at a preset position on the radius of the cam rotor 81;
the power supply device 86 is in transmission connection with the cam rotating shaft 82 and is used for providing rotating power for the cam rotating shaft 82, so as to drive the cam rotor 81 to rotate around the cam rotating shaft 82 and drive the movable baffle 85 to move left and right back and forth along the horizontal direction;
when the movable baffle 85 moves to the leftmost side, the left air pipe 90 is blocked by the movable baffle 85, and the right air pipe 90 is communicated with the air hole 87 of the movable baffle 85; when the movable shutter 85 moves to the rightmost side, the right vent pipe 90 is blocked by the movable shutter 85, and the left vent pipe 90 is not blocked by the movable shutter 85.
In one possible embodiment, the power supply 86 may be an external electric motor.
Optionally, the alternating current airflow generator 80 further includes a sliding groove, where the sliding groove is parallel to the moving direction of the moving baffle 85 and is disposed on two sides of the moving baffle 85, so as to ensure that the moving baffle 85 moves along the horizontal direction.
Optionally, the cam rotor 81 is made of stainless steel.
The stainless steel material is relatively heat-resistant, convenient to replace and low in cost.
Optionally, the preparation device further comprises a fiber collecting and conveying belt.
The fiber collecting conveyer belt is positioned right below the spinneret orifice 70 and is used for collecting the superfine fibers obtained by drafting.
In the process of preparing the ultra-fine fiber by using the fiber preparation device provided by this embodiment, a worker first activates the airflow generator 40, the airflow generator 40 delivers high-temperature gas to the two gas injection holes 60 at the lower end of the distribution chamber 30 under the heating action of the airflow heater 50, and the moving baffle 85 moves back and forth in the horizontal direction under the driving action of the cam rotor 81 before passing through the vent pipe 90. As shown in fig. 5, in the schematic state of the power supply apparatus shown in fig. 5, the movable blocking plate 85 is moved to the leftmost side, and at this time, the left side vent pipe 90 is blocked by the movable blocking plate, and the right side vent pipe 90 communicates with the vent hole 87 of the movable blocking plate 85; as shown in fig. 6, in the schematic view of the state of the power supply apparatus shown in fig. 6, the movable shutter 85 is moved to the rightmost side, and at this time, the right side vent pipe 90 is blocked by the movable shutter 85, and the left side vent pipe 90 is not blocked by the movable shutter. The moving baffle 85 periodically alternates the situation of fig. 5 and fig. 6 under the action of the cam rotor 81, so that the unidirectional high-temperature gas generated by the gas flow generator 40 changes the gas flow output through the left and right vent pipes 90 into an alternating gas flow after entering the alternating gas flow generator 80.
The worker then feeds the material (i.e., polymer) into the hopper 10, from which the material passes through the high temperature screw 20 to be melted into a polymer melt, and into the distribution chamber 30 to be ejected through the orifices 70 below the distribution chamber 30.
When the polymer melt is sprayed from the spinneret orifice 70, the alternating air flows output from the left and right air vent pipes 90 to the left and right air vent holes 60 alternately perform high-efficiency drafting mainly based on differential pressure resistance on the polymer melt sprayed from the spinneret orifice 70, so that the thinner superfine fiber is prepared.
In order to better verify the differential pressure resistance F in the actual processNFor the drafting effect of fibers in the melt-blowing process, the inventor utilizes a mechanical model to introduce partial pressure difference resistance F to the stretching of polymer melt in the preparation device provided by the inventionNThe function of (1). The mechanical model is obtained through a bead-chain model of a Lagrange method, a trajectory mechanical simulation diagram of polymer melt stretching in the mechanical model is shown in FIG. 7, and the change of the fiber diameter obtained through the mechanical simulation result is shown in FIG. 8. In FIG. 8, "undisturbed" means that the polymer melt is simulated to be subjected only to frictional resistance FpThe resulting fiber diameter variation is the traditional melt-blown draw mode. "perturbed" means that a pressure differential resistance F is added during the stretching processNThe function of (1).
FIG. 8 demonstrates that there is no pressure differential drag F during melt blowingNIn effect, the resulting fiber diameter will have a re-growth process which is detrimental to the meltblown product (finer fineness is required for meltblown products). But with the addition of differential pressure resistance F of the alternating air streamNThereafter, the diameter of the polymer melt continues to decrease. This is exactly what is required for the meltblown process.
In summary, the alternating airflow generator is arranged in the fiber preparation device provided by the invention, so that when the preparation device is used for preparing superfine fibers by using a melt-blowing method, the airflow generator can generate alternating airflow to draft a polymer melt in a drafting mode with pressure difference resistance as a dominant factor, the traditional melt-blowing linear stretching is changed into alternating airflow interactive stretching, and the fibers are subjected to an obvious pressure difference resistance drafting effect, so that the drafting efficiency is improved, and the superfine fibers are prepared and obtained, and the fiber preparation device is applicable to a plurality of fields such as medical materials, filtering and adsorbing materials and the like.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing by way of general description, and specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a fiber preparation facilities, includes hopper, high temperature screw rod, distribution cavity, airflow generator, air current heater, fumarole and spinneret orifice, its characterized in that:
the hopper is arranged above one end of the high-temperature screw rod, and the other end of the high-temperature screw rod is connected with the distribution cavity; the airflow generator is provided with the airflow heater; the spinneret orifices are arranged at the lower end of the distribution cavity, and two gas injection orifices which are opposite to the horizontal plane and form a preset angle are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of each spinneret orifice; the airflow generator is respectively communicated with the two air injection holes at the lower end of the distribution cavity through two air pipes, and the hopper is communicated with the spinneret holes in the distribution cavity through the high-temperature screw; the alternating airflow generator is used for changing the airflow generated by the airflow generator through the two air injection holes into alternating airflow;
alternating current generator includes cam rotor, cam shaft, connecting rod, dead lever, removal baffle and power supply device, wherein:
one end of the movable baffle is provided with a vent hole with the same pipe diameter as the vent pipe in a hollow manner, and one end of the movable baffle is rotatably connected with one end of the connecting rod;
the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the fixed rod, the fixed rod is fixedly arranged on the surface side of the cam rotor, and the position of the fixed rod is located at a preset position on the radius of the cam rotor;
the cam rotating shaft is arranged at a preset position at the bottom of the airflow generator, the cam rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the cam rotor, and the position of the cam rotating shaft is located at a preset position on the radius of the cam rotor;
the power supply device is in transmission connection with the cam rotating shaft and is used for providing rotating power for the cam rotating shaft so as to drive the cam rotor to rotate by taking the cam rotating shaft as a center and drive the movable baffle to move left and right back and forth along the horizontal direction;
when the movable baffle moves to the leftmost side, the left vent pipe is blocked by the movable baffle, and the right vent pipe is communicated with the vent hole of the movable baffle; when the movable baffle moves to the rightmost side, the right side vent pipe is blocked by the movable baffle, and the left side vent pipe is not blocked by the movable baffle.
2. The fiber preparation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alternating flow generator further comprises sliding grooves disposed on both sides of the movable baffle parallel to the moving direction of the movable baffle for ensuring the movable baffle to move in the horizontal direction.
3. The fiber production apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cam rotor material is a stainless steel material.
4. The fiber production apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fiber collection conveyor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711385642.8A CN108166085B (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Fiber preparation device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711385642.8A CN108166085B (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Fiber preparation device |
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| CN108166085A CN108166085A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
| CN108166085B true CN108166085B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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| CN201711385642.8A Active CN108166085B (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | Fiber preparation device |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3755527A (en) * | 1969-10-09 | 1973-08-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for producing melt blown nonwoven synthetic polymer mat having high tear resistance |
| US5100435A (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1992-03-31 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Meltblown nonwoven webs made from epoxy/pcl blends |
| US5523033A (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1996-06-04 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Polymer processing using pulsating fluidic flow |
| CN103451754A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-18 | 北京化工大学 | Differential melt electro-blowing spinning device and technology for preparing nanofibers in batches |
| CN203593813U (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-05-14 | 上海工程技术大学 | Die head device for preparing micro-nano fibers |
| CN204825269U (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-12-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | Little nanofiber's of production liquid spouts non -woven spinning equipment's reversal fluidic generator |
| CN105369365A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州大学 | Melt-blow nozzle structure for fiber preparation |
| CN206553659U (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-10-13 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of asymmetric double flute experiment die head |
-
2017
- 2017-12-20 CN CN201711385642.8A patent/CN108166085B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3755527A (en) * | 1969-10-09 | 1973-08-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for producing melt blown nonwoven synthetic polymer mat having high tear resistance |
| US5100435A (en) * | 1990-12-04 | 1992-03-31 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Meltblown nonwoven webs made from epoxy/pcl blends |
| US5523033A (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1996-06-04 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Polymer processing using pulsating fluidic flow |
| CN103451754A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-18 | 北京化工大学 | Differential melt electro-blowing spinning device and technology for preparing nanofibers in batches |
| CN203593813U (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-05-14 | 上海工程技术大学 | Die head device for preparing micro-nano fibers |
| CN204825269U (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-12-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | Little nanofiber's of production liquid spouts non -woven spinning equipment's reversal fluidic generator |
| CN105369365A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 苏州大学 | Melt-blow nozzle structure for fiber preparation |
| CN206553659U (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-10-13 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of asymmetric double flute experiment die head |
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| CN108166085A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
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