CN103451754A - Differential melt electro-blowing spinning device and technology for preparing nanofibers in batches - Google Patents
Differential melt electro-blowing spinning device and technology for preparing nanofibers in batches Download PDFInfo
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- CN103451754A CN103451754A CN2013104380912A CN201310438091A CN103451754A CN 103451754 A CN103451754 A CN 103451754A CN 2013104380912 A CN2013104380912 A CN 2013104380912A CN 201310438091 A CN201310438091 A CN 201310438091A CN 103451754 A CN103451754 A CN 103451754A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a differential melt electro-blowing spinning device and technology for preparing nanofibers in batches, and belongs to the field of electrostatic spinning. The device mainly comprises an extruder, a filter screen, a melt metering pump, a spinning manifold, an airflow heating device, an air compressor, an upper plate electrode, a lower plate electrode, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a guide air knife, a hot rolling device, a receiving device, a screen spreading belt and an air draft system. An outlet of the extruder is connected with the filter screen, and the melt metering pump is connected between the filter screen and the spinning manifold through a flange. Airflow is divided into two portions through a flow divider to be connected to the spinning manifold; after melt is divided and guided in flow through the spinning manifold, a thin uniform-flowing melt layer is obtained at the lower end of a wavy flow guide plate; under the high-voltage electrostatic action, the melt layer forms a plurality of Taylor cones in a self-organization manner, the Taylor cones are stretched and split continuously under the conditions of high-speed airflow and high-voltage electrostatics, and superfine fibers are formed at the receiving end of the screen spreading belt by means of curing. By the aid of the device and technology, difficulties of high viscosity of polymers, low yield, complicated devices and the like are overcome, and industrial production of differential melt electro-blowing spinning can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to melt differential EFI device for spinning and technique that a kind of batch prepares nanofiber, belong to the electrostatic spinning field.
Background technology
Melt-spraying spinning technique is that the polymer melt thread that adopts high velocity, hot air stream to extrude the spinning manifold spinneret orifice carries out drawing-off, forms thus superfine fibre and is collected in the process on solidifying lace curtaining or cylinder; Melt differential electrostatic spinning process applies high-voltage electrostatic field exactly between differential shower nozzle and receiving system, make polarized polymer melt overcome surface tension under the effect of electric field force, form jet at differential shower nozzle end face, obtain the process of superfine fibre on dash receiver.Described differential shower nozzle refers to that this shower nozzle is by the melt uniform subdivision, and melt is first after runner distributes, more evenly is divided into multiply by the shower nozzle place, and the diameter of every rhizoid reaches micron or nanometer.EFI spinning (electro-blowing spinning) method is exactly to combine melt-spraying spinning and two kinds of techniques of electrostatic spinning simultaneously, charged or polarized polymer melt is applied to high velocity air tensile force and high-pressure electrostatic tensile force, overcome smelt surface tension, form high-speed jet, through the high power refinement, form the process of superfine fibre random deposition film or felt after cooling curing at lapping band or collecting electrode.
Generally by melt-spraying spinning technique, can prepare the fiber of average diameter 2-5 μ m, fiber is generally the staple fibre in length 100mm, rough surface, but this technique has considerable spinning efficiency, and the output of a spinning head can reach 3-10g/min; And melt differential electrostatic spinning process can prepare the fiber of average diameter 200nm-10 μ m, fiber is the controlled continuous fiber of diameter, smooth surface, although the 5-20 that this technique spinning efficiency is common capillary spinning efficiency is doubly, but still lower than order of magnitude of melt-blown process.Therefore by device innovative design and process optimization, melt-blown process and electrostatic spinning process are combined, realize that the EFI spinning is conducive to the exploitation of the sub-micron fibers technology of preparing of superelevation spinning efficiency, thereby breakthrough conventional method fiber is thick or the too low problem of efficiency.
For this problem, the people such as the Eduard Zhmayev of Cornell University have studied the single fiber thinning process of air-flow under auxiliary, the increase of finding high velocity air has made fibrous refinement 20 times, and applies for accordingly and obtain United States Patent (USP) mandate (patent publication No.: US2013/0040140A1).Owing to there is no the mass design, this invention lacks practicality, and the people such as Benjamin Chu of New York University have applied for the device for spinning and the technique patent (patent publication No.: US7887311B2) that combine with static about melting and spraying, but this patent, just around the ejecting device of a plurality of capillary assemblings and the technical scheme of shower nozzle melt cleaning plant, lacks the specific embodiment of melt electrostatic spinning.
Obtain Sub-micro Fibers for the melt-spraying spinning method, abroad some companies have breakthrough, and Hills company did very dark research to the nanometer meltblown fibers, can reach the stage of industrialization.Some other enterprise for example Nonwoven Technologies (NTI) company has also developed technique, the technology of producible nanometer meltblown fibers, and has obtained patent.But the melt blown technology of these companies all is based on its extremely harsh preparation technology and mold materials, and sacrificed to a certain extent spinning efficiency, realize certain spinning efficiency by assembling more spinning manifold, greatly increased equipment cost and maintenance cost.
Therefore the present invention will set by the device design and processes, realize the ingenious combination of common melt-blown process and melt differential electrostatic spinning process, form a kind of melt differential EFI spinning process, will become industrialization device and technique prepared by the low-cost high-efficiency nanofiber and newly select.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes melt differential EFI device for spinning and the technique that a kind of batch prepares nanofiber.Polymer melt is by the rear thin layer current-sharing melt that obtains of clothes hanger type flow distribution plate shunting, melt enter the clamping clamping plate slit of waveform deflector is arranged after, be subject to the high-pressure electrostatic effect in lower end, free self-organizing forms a plurality of taylor cones, taylor cone continues to stretch and division under high velocity air and high-pressure electrostatic, is receiving lapping end formation superfine fibre nonwoven cloth.
The technical scheme of taking for achieving the above object is: a kind of batch prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, mainly comprise extruder, filter screen, melt metering pump, spinning manifold, airflow heating device, air compressor machine, electric pole plate, lower electrode plate, HV generator, the guiding air knife, hot-rolling arrangement, receiving system, lapping band and exhausting system, outlet of extruder connects filter screen, connect melt metering pump by flange between filter screen and spinning manifold entrance, the air compressor machine outlet connects airflow heating device, then be divided into two strands of air-flows by part flow arrangement and be switched to spinning manifold, spinning manifold positioned beneath electric pole plate, settle lower electrode plate apart from electric pole plate a distance, the lapping band passes between electric pole plate and lower electrode plate and is pasting lower electrode plate, the guiding air knife is installed between spinning manifold and electric pole plate, extractor fan is close under lower electrode plate.
A kind of batch of the present invention prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, wherein spinning manifold mainly is comprised of clothes hanger type flow distribution plate, rebound, waveform deflector and deflector clamping plate, clothes hanger type flow distribution plate, rebound and deflector clamping plate all are connected by screw, and form the profiled-cross-section flow channel after combination.
A kind of batch of the present invention prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, wherein the waveform deflector is clipped in the middle of the deflector clamping plate, corrugated deflector cross section curve in wave shape, its waveform can be sine wave or square wave, realization is cut apart and water conservancy diversion melt, avoided the complexity of big L/D ratio capillary processing, two ends, the left and right welding wedge of waveform deflector, the waveform deflector has certain elasticity, adjust the clamping plate gap by clamping the deflector clamping plate, thereby compressed waveform deflector, the regulating spring be connected with wedge provides pretightning force simultaneously, to guarantee the sealing of wedge and deflector clamping plate lozenges, the spring bearing plate that regulating spring is installed is connected with the deflector clamping plate by adjustment screw, guarantee not affect the adjusting of deflector clamping plate.
A kind of batch of the present invention prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, the generation of high-pressure electrostatic adopts the bipolar electrode design, be that electric pole plate is placed in the middle of spinning manifold and lapping band, electric pole plate and waveform deflector over against position open the rectangular linear through hole of 30-100mm, and connect the HV generator high-voltage output end; Lower electrode plate is placed in 0.2-5cm place under the lapping band, evenly bores the uniform pore of 10-200 purpose on lower electrode plate, is convenient to the exhausting system air-flow and passes through smoothly.Spinning manifold ground connection, electric pole plate is apart from spinning manifold lower end 2-8cm, and electric pole plate voltage is 10-60kv, and lower electrode plate is apart from electric pole plate 5-45cm, and voltage is 20-160kv.
A kind of batch of the present invention prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, the guiding air knife is installed in the left and right sides, electric pole plate top, steering current passes through electric pole plate smoothly, fiber is produced to the drawing-off refining effect simultaneously, this guiding air knife air velocity can be regulated in 10-100m/s, and gas flow temperature-5-160 ℃ adjustable.
The spinning technique step of melt differential EFI device for spinning that a kind of batch of the present invention prepares nanofiber is as follows: first extruder, spinning manifold, hot-rolling arrangement etc. are preheating to design temperature; Start material extrusion until the melt extrusion pressure stability according to default spinning speed; Electric pole plate and lower electrode plate successively power up; After occurring, the uniform jet of polymer melt opens the supply of air compressor machine air-flow, airflow heating device and exhausting system according to parameter preset; After spinning process is stable, start the lapping tape running, nonwoven fabric utilizes the rolling of rolling roller by hot-rolling arrangement.
A kind of batch of the present invention prepares melt differential EFI device for spinning and the technique of nanofiber, owing to having changed traditional electrostatic spinning structure capillaceous, by electrostatic spinning by single wire vent mode, but utilizing waveform thin slice guiding in a row is many Taylor's cones arranged in a straight line of self-organizing, then utilize high velocity air and high voltage electric field effect, realized the mass preparation that average diameter is the 200-800nm polymer nanofiber, make the melt blown technology of preparation efficiency close to suitability for industrialized production, for China's superfine fibre preparation and at high efficiency filter, lithium battery diaphragm, the medical material application provides material foundation and technical support.Can overcome the polymerization object height and glue, yield poorly, install the difficulties such as complicated, realize the suitability for industrialized production of melt differential electrostatic spinning.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall assembling schematic diagram that a kind of batch of the present invention prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber.
Fig. 2 is the spinning manifold cross sectional representation that a kind of batch of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber.
Fig. 3 is the spinning manifold underwear hanger type flow distribution plate generalized section shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the isometric view of deflector clamping plate in the spinning manifold shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the front view of deflector clamping plate in the spinning manifold shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the waveform deflector isometric view shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the guiding air knife generalized section shown in Fig. 1.
In figure: the 1-extruder; The 2-filter screen; The 3-melt metering pump; The 4-spinning manifold; The 5-airflow heating device; The 6-air compressor machine; The 7-electric pole plate; The 8-lower electrode plate; The 9-HV generator; The 10-air knife that leads; The 11-hot-rolling arrangement; 12-rolling roller; 13-lapping band; The 14-exhausting system; 15-clothes hanger type flow distribution plate; The 16-rebound; 17-waveform deflector; 18-deflector clamping plate; The 19-flow channel; The 20-screw; The 21-regulating spring; The 22-adjustment screw; 23-spring bearing plate; The 24-wedge; The 25-holding screw.
The specific embodiment
A kind of batch of the present invention prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 1～7, device for spinning mainly comprises extruder 1, filter screen 2, melt metering pump 3, spinning manifold 4, airflow heating device 5, air compressor machine 6, electric pole plate 7, lower electrode plate 8, HV generator 9, guiding air knife 10, hot-rolling arrangement 11, rolling roller 12, lapping band 13 and exhausting system 14, extruder 1 outlet connects filter screen 2, connect melt metering pump 3 by flange between filter screen 2 and spinning manifold 4 entrances, air compressor machine 6 outlets connect airflow heating device 5, then be divided into two pipelines by part flow arrangement, be switched to spinning manifold 4, spinning manifold 4 positioned beneath electric pole plates 7, settle lower electrode plate 8 apart from electric pole plate 7 a distance, below, lapping band 13 passes between electric pole plate 7 and lower electrode plate 8 and is pasting lower electrode plate 8, guiding air knife 10 is installed between spinning manifold 4 and electric pole plate 7, exhausting system 14 is close under lower electrode plate 8, wherein spinning manifold 4 is mainly by clothes hanger type flow distribution plate 15, rebound 16, waveform deflector 17 and deflector clamping plate 18 form, clothes hanger type flow distribution plate 15, rebound 16 all is connected by screw 20 with deflector clamping plate 18, it after combination, is forming curves flow channel 19, waveform deflector 17 is clipped in the middle of deflector clamping plate 18, two ends, the left and right welding wedge 24 of waveform deflector 17, the regulating spring 21 be connected with wedge 24 provides pretightning force to guarantee the sealing of wedge 24 and deflector clamping plate lozenges simultaneously, the spring bearing plate 23 of mounting spring is connected with deflector clamping plate 18 by adjustment screw 22, guarantee not affect the adjusting of deflector clamping plate, clothes hanger type flow distribution plate 15 is symmetrical structure, by holding screw 25 assemblings.
The melt differential EFI spinning technique step that a kind of batch of the present invention prepares nanofiber is as follows: extruder 1, spinning manifold 4, hot-rolling arrangement 11 etc. are preheating to design temperature; Start material extrusion until the melt extrusion pressure stability according to default spinning speed; Electric pole plate 7 and lower electrode plate 8 are successively switched on by HV generator 9 HV Terminals; After occurring, the uniform jet of waveform deflector 17 lower end polymer melt opens air compressor machine 6 air-flows supplies, airflow heating device 5 and exhausting system 14 according to parameter preset; After spinning process is stable, start the lapping operation, nonwoven fabric utilizes 12 rollings of rolling roller by hot-rolling arrangement 11.
An embodiment is as shown in Fig. 1,2,5, it is 65mm that extruder 1 adopts screw diameter, filter screen 2 is 240 orders, spinning manifold 4 fabric width 1m, waveform deflector 17 is sinusoidal wave deflector, thickness of slab 1mm, and crest is to trough width 3.5mm, regulating deflector clamping plate gap by regulating spring 21 and adjustment screw 22 is 2mm, and air compressor machine 6 throughputs are 500m
3/ h, spinning material is pp6820 (melt flow rate (MFR) 2000g/10min), melt metering pump 3 Temperature Settings are 185 ℃, 230 ℃ of spinning manifold runner temperature, clamping plate 18 and deflector 17 design temperatures are 260 ℃, air velocity 150m-200m/s, airflow heating device 5 is set up 280 ℃ of temperature, electric pole plate 7 is apart from spinning manifold spacing 50mm, voltage 30Kv, electric pole plate 7 is with lower electrode plate 8 spacing 400mm, lower electrode plate 8 voltage 65Kv, guiding air knife 10 air velocity 80m/s, 80 ℃ of temperature, melt flow 0.4Kg/min, can obtain in batches the filament below 1 micron.
Claims (6)
1. a batch prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise extruder, filter screen, melt metering pump, spinning manifold, airflow heating device, air compressor machine, electric pole plate, lower electrode plate, HV generator, the guiding air knife, hot-rolling arrangement, receiving system, lapping band and exhausting system, outlet of extruder connects filter screen, connect melt metering pump by flange between filter screen and spinning manifold entrance, the air compressor machine outlet connects airflow heating device, air-flow is divided into two strands by part flow arrangement and is switched to spinning manifold, spinning manifold positioned beneath electric pole plate, settle lower electrode plate apart from electric pole plate a distance, the lapping band passes between electric pole plate and lower electrode plate and is pasting lower electrode plate, the guiding air knife is installed between spinning manifold and electric pole plate, extractor fan is close under lower electrode plate, spinning manifold mainly is comprised of clothes hanger type flow distribution plate, rebound, waveform deflector and deflector clamping plate, clothes hanger type flow distribution plate, rebound and deflector clamping plate all are connected by screw, and after clothes hanger type flow distribution plate, rebound and the combination of deflector clamping plate, form the profiled-cross-section flow channel, the waveform deflector is clipped in the middle of the deflector clamping plate, corrugated deflector cross section curve in wave shape, two ends, the left and right welding wedge of waveform deflector, the waveform deflector has elasticity, adjust the clamping plate gap by clamping the deflector clamping plate, wedge is connected with regulating spring, electric pole plate and waveform deflector over against position open rectangular linear through hole, lower electrode plate is located under being placed in the lapping band, spinning manifold ground connection, electric pole plate all is connected the HV generator high-voltage output end with lower electrode plate.
2. a kind of batch according to claim 1 prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, and it is characterized in that: waveform is sine wave or square wave.
3. a kind of batch according to claim 1 prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, it is characterized in that: evenly bore 10-200 purpose hole on lower electrode plate.
4. a kind of batch according to claim 1 prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, and it is characterized in that: lower electrode plate is apart from electric pole plate 5-45cm.
5. a kind of batch according to claim 1 prepares the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, it is characterized in that: the guiding air knife is installed in the left and right sides, electric pole plate top.
6. adopt a kind of batch claimed in claim 1 to prepare the spinning technique of the melt differential EFI device for spinning of nanofiber, it is characterized in that: first extruder, spinning manifold, hot-rolling arrangement etc. are preheating to design temperature; Start material extrusion until the melt extrusion pressure stability according to default spinning speed; Electric pole plate and lower electrode plate successively power up; After occurring, the uniform jet of polymer melt opens the supply of air compressor machine air-flow, airflow heating device and exhausting system according to parameter preset; After spinning process is stable, start the lapping tape running, nonwoven fabric utilizes the rolling of rolling roller by hot-rolling arrangement.
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| CN104313707A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-28 | 青岛大学 | Low-temperature in-situ electrostatic spinning device |
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| CN104790124A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-22 | 深圳市东城绿色投资有限公司 | Nanofiber non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
| CN104894659A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-09 | 宁波格林美孚新材料科技有限公司 | Automatic efficient melt electrostatic spinning device |
| CN106283220A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-01-04 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of double electrostatic field electrostatic spinning apparatus of thermal current auxiliary |
| CN107059247A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-08-18 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of method and device that fiber film material is prepared based on electrostatic spinning |
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| CN110747523A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-04 | 青岛科技大学 | Two-stage differential melt electrostatic spinning device |
| CN110747523B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-06-04 | 青岛科技大学 | Two-stage differential melt electrostatic spinning device |
| CN111926461A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-13 | 北京化工大学 | Double-electrode high-voltage electrostatic spinning melt-blowing device |
| CN111910274A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-10 | 江科 | Device and method for jet fiber electrostatic electret and fiber drawing of non-woven fabric by melt-blowing method |
| CN113388902A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-14 | 北京化工大学 | Slit type multi-head electrostatic spinning device based on modular design |
| CN117230537A (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏新视界先进功能纤维创新中心有限公司 | Melt differential electrospinning core-shell nanofiber filament preparation device |
| CN117230537B (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2024-02-13 | 江苏新视界先进功能纤维创新中心有限公司 | Melt differential electrospinning core-shell nanofiber filament preparation device |
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