CN108165961A - 一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3d打印机及其运行方法 - Google Patents
一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3d打印机及其运行方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机及其运行方法;包括密封成型室、粉料缸、成型缸、铺粉机构,以及设在密封成型室内的三轴联动机构;该三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带喷嘴在密封成型室内运动;密封成型室的外部设有供液装置,供液装置内盛装有胶状反应物质,所述喷嘴为液体喷嘴,该液体喷嘴通过随动导管与供液装置连通;通过胶状物与粉末物质发生化学反应产生固体沉淀的现象,根据所需零件数字化模型,按照处理后的移动路径,控制液体喷嘴选区移动并不断喷出胶状反应物质与基体粉末物质发生化学沉积反应,经过与现有3D打印增材制造设备的层层累积叠加方式,待凝固后,最终实现整个零件的成型。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及增材制造领域,尤其涉及一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机及其运行方法。
背景技术
3D打印是增材制造技术的通俗称谓,它是一种数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料,与电脑连接后,通过电脑控制把打印材料逐层堆叠累积的方式来构造物体的技术(即“积层造形法”)。常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型,后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造,已经有使用这种技术打印而成的零部件。该技术在珠宝、鞋类、工业设计、建筑、工程和施工(AEC)、汽车,航空航天、牙科和医疗产业、教育、地理信息系统、土木工程、枪支以及其他领域都有所应用。
3D打印技术包括激光选区熔化技术、激光选区烧结技术、电子束熔化成型技术、熔融沉积技术、数字化光处理技术、立体平板印刷技术等等,经过不断的发展已经获得了显著的成果。以上3D打印技术均是通过加热粉料或丝材、固化树脂、切割薄片等方式来实现,
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足,提供一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机及其运行方法。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:
一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机,包括密封成型室8、粉料缸14、成型缸16、铺粉机构,以及设置在密封成型室8内的三轴联动机构;该三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带喷嘴在密封成型室8内沿X轴、Y轴或者Z轴方向运动;所述密封成型室8的外部设置有供液装置1,供液装置1内盛装有胶状反应物质3,所述喷嘴为液体喷嘴13,该液体喷嘴13通过随动导管4与供液装置1连通;作业过程中,供液装置1将其内的胶状反应物质3通过随动导管4输送至液体喷嘴13。
所述随动导管4与供液装置1的衔接处设置有电磁阀门5。
所述成型缸16内部设置有成型基台,成型基台由其底部的丝杆机构驱动其升降。
所述成型缸16的右侧设置有一粉末回收缸18。
一种基于液固化学反应沉积的运行方法,其包括如下步骤:
步骤一:根据待加工零件的形状,建立其三维数字模型,然后保存为STL格式文件,使用切片软件对三维数字模型进行切片处理,每层切片的厚度相同,切片中包含了零件的截面轮廓信息,将切片后的文件导入移动路径规划软件中,获得液体喷嘴13的移动路径数据;
步骤二:根据待加工零件的材料属性,配置胶状反应物质3(触媒)和粉末基体物质,胶状反应物质3应满足可与粉末基体物质发生化学沉淀反应并产生所需待加工零件的材料要求,然后通过电磁阀门5设定胶状反应物质3的流量,最后将胶状反应物质3和粉末基体物质分别放置于供液装置1的供液槽内和粉料缸14内;
步骤三:通过三轴联动机构调整液体喷嘴13的坐标位置,预先将液体喷嘴13的喷嘴移动至成型缸16的成型基台上,并与成型基台距离一个切片厚度;
步骤四:启动加工作业,三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带液体喷嘴13按照步骤一中的移动路径数据,选择性的在成型基台上喷射胶状反应物质3,胶状反应物质3与粉末基体物质接触发生化学反应沉积,完成零件的一个成型层的加工;
步骤五:步骤四完成后,成型基台下降一个切片层厚的高度,粉料缸14的粉末上升一个切片的高度,在铺粉机构的铺粉刷12驱动下,粉末基体物质重新覆盖在已成型层的表面,形成新的粉末基体物质层,液体喷嘴13按照下一层移动路径,将胶状反应物质3喷射到已成型层表面上新的粉末基体物质层上,通过胶状反应物质3与新的粉末基体物质层的化学反应,产生的物质沉积到已成型层表面,完成零件的又一个成型层的加工;
步骤六:重复步骤四至步骤五,直至整个零件加工完成。
步骤二所述胶状反应物质3为液态胶状反应物质;粉末基体物质为粉末。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下的优点及效果:
本发明将化学反应沉淀效应成功转化为加工方法,仅需将现有3D打印增材制造设备(激光选区熔化设备)的激光系统,替换为供液装置以及与其管路连接的液体喷嘴等相关部件,实现了一种新型的3D打印方式,通过简单的结构配置即可实现成型目的,整个成型过程在供液装置喷出的胶状反应物质与粉末基体物质的化学能驱动下自发进行,胶状反应物质一方面可以通过化学反应产生固溶沉淀物质,另一方面可以实现将生成的固体沉淀物质粘结在一起。
无需额外提供热源、光源等,除了具有现存3D打印技术的特点外,还具有结构简单、成本低廉、容易实现等特点。
本发明通过胶状物与粉末物质发生化学反应产生固体沉淀的现象,根据所需零件的数字化模型,按照处理后的移动路径,控制液体喷嘴选区移动并不断喷出胶状反应物质与基体粉末物质发生化学沉积反应,经过与现有3D打印增材制造设备的层层累积叠加方式,待凝固后,最终实现整个零件的成型。
本发明根据所需零件的材质,可以配置不同的组合,获得金属、无机非金属以及固体有机体等不同材质的零件。
本发明整个成型过程是由两种物质的化学能自发推动,因此无需引入热源、光源等,具有极高的应用潜力和价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机结构示意图。
图2为本发明基于液固化学反应沉积的运行方法流程图。
图中:供液装置1;X导轨2;胶状反应物质3;随动导管4;电磁阀门5;Y导轨6;滑块7;密封成型室8;夹持杆9;铺粉导轨10;Z导轨11;铺粉刷12;液体喷嘴13;粉料缸14;粉末15;成型缸16;已成型零件17;粉末回收缸18。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述。
实施例
如图1和图2所示。本发明公开了一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机,包括密封成型室8、粉料缸14、成型缸16、铺粉机构,以及设置在密封成型室8内的三轴联动机构等;该三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带喷嘴在密封成型室8内沿X轴、Y轴或者Z轴方向运动;
本发明与现有的激光选区熔化设备不通指出在于,所述密封成型室8的外部设置有供液装置1,供液装置1内盛装有胶状反应物质3,所述喷嘴为液体喷嘴13,该液体喷嘴13通过随动导管4与供液装置1连通;作业过程中,供液装置1将其内的胶状反应物质3通过随动导管4输送至液体喷嘴13。
所述随动导管4与供液装置1的衔接处设置有电磁阀门5。
所述成型缸16内部设置有成型基台,成型基台由其底部的丝杆机构驱动其升降。
所述成型缸16的右侧设置有一粉末回收缸18。
本发明基于液固化学反应沉积的运行方法,可通过如下步骤实现:
步骤一:根据待加工零件的形状,建立其三维(CAD)数字模型,然后保存为STL格式文件,使用切片软件对三维数字模型进行切片处理,每层切片的厚度相同,切片中包含了零件的截面轮廓信息,将切片后的文件导入移动路径规划软件中,获得液体喷嘴13的移动路径数据;
步骤二:根据待加工零件的材料属性,配置胶状反应物质3(触媒)和粉末基体物质,胶状反应物质3应满足可与粉末基体物质发生化学沉淀反应并产生所需待加工零件的材料要求,然后通过电磁阀门5设定胶状反应物质3的流量,最后将胶状反应物质3和粉末基体物质分别放置于供液装置1的供液槽内和粉料缸14内;
步骤三:通过三轴联动机构调整液体喷嘴13的坐标位置,预先将液体喷嘴13的喷嘴移动至成型缸16的成型基台上,并与成型基台距离一个切片厚度;
步骤四:启动加工作业,三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带液体喷嘴13按照步骤一中的移动路径数据,选择性的在成型基台上喷射胶状反应物质3,胶状反应物质3与粉末基体物质接触发生化学反应沉积,完成零件的一个成型层的加工;
步骤五:步骤四完成后,成型基台下降一个切片层厚的高度,粉料缸14的粉末上升一个切片的高度,在铺粉机构的铺粉刷12驱动下,粉末基体物质重新覆盖在已成型层的表面,形成新的粉末基体物质层,液体喷嘴13按照下一层移动路径,将胶状反应物质3喷射到已成型层表面上新的粉末基体物质层上,通过胶状反应物质3与新的粉末基体物质层的化学反应,产生的物质沉积到已成型层表面,完成零件的又一个成型层的加工;
步骤六:重复步骤四至步骤五,直至整个零件加工完成。
步骤二所述胶状反应物质3为液态胶状反应物质,如氯化钙凝胶、氯化钡凝胶等;粉末基体物质为粉末,如碳酸钠粉末、硫酸钠粉末等。
上述步骤一中所述切片的厚度根据零件的成型精度求设置为0.05-0.3mm。
上述步骤二中所述的胶状反应物质3应可以与粉末基体物质发生化学沉淀反应,生产所需的固体材料。
液体喷嘴13的喷头口径根据成型零件精度要求可选取尺寸在0.1-1.0mm;实际应用中,液体喷嘴13可根据不同的要求,设置不同的喷口口径,喷头上也可设置调节气流量的阀门。
成型基台位于成型室内,用于固定成型零件的第一层实体;成型基台位于成型缸内,在成型过程中成型基台做垂直运动,液体喷嘴13做平面运动。
液体喷嘴13上升一个切片厚度,其具体数值需根据成型需要选0.05-0.3mm范围内。
本发明所加工的零件,可根据反应产物即,胶状反应物质3和粉末基体物质的不同,分为无机非金属零件、金属零件以及有机物零件。
如上所述,便可较好地实现本发明。
本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机,包括密封成型室(8)、粉料缸(14)、成型缸(16)、铺粉机构,以及设置在密封成型室(8)内的三轴联动机构;该三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带喷嘴在密封成型室(8)内沿X轴、Y轴或者Z轴方向运动;其特征在于:所述密封成型室(8)的外部设置有供液装置(1),供液装置(1)内盛装有胶状反应物质(3),所述喷嘴为液体喷嘴(13),该液体喷嘴(13)通过随动导管(4)与供液装置(1)连通;作业过程中,供液装置(1)将其内的胶状反应物质(3)通过随动导管(4)输送至液体喷嘴(13)。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机,其特征在于:所述随动导管(4)与供液装置(1)的衔接处设置有电磁阀门(5)。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机,其特征在于:所述成型缸(16)内部设置有成型基台,成型基台由其底部的丝杆机构驱动其升降。
4.根据权利要求3所述基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机,其特征在于:所述成型缸(16)的右侧设置有一粉末回收缸(18)。
5.一种基于液固化学反应沉积的运行方法,其特征在于采用权利要求4所述基于液固化学反应沉积的3D打印机实现,其包括如下步骤:
步骤一:根据待加工零件的形状,建立其三维数字模型,然后保存为STL格式文件,使用切片软件对三维数字模型进行切片处理,每层切片的厚度相同,切片中包含了零件的截面轮廓信息,将切片后的文件导入移动路径规划软件中,获得液体喷嘴(13)的移动路径数据;
步骤二:根据待加工零件的材料属性,配置胶状反应物质(3)和粉末基体物质,胶状反应物质(3)应满足可与粉末基体物质发生化学沉淀反应并产生所需待加工零件的材料要求,然后通过电磁阀门(5)设定胶状反应物质(3)的流量,最后将胶状反应物质(3)和粉末基体物质分别放置于供液装置(1)的供液槽内和粉料缸(14)内;
步骤三:通过三轴联动机构调整液体喷嘴(13)的坐标位置,预先将液体喷嘴(13)的喷嘴移动至成型缸(16)的成型基台上,并与成型基台距离一个切片厚度;
步骤四:启动加工作业,三轴联动机构根据3D打印机控制系统的移动路径规划,携带液体喷嘴(13)按照步骤一中的移动路径数据,选择性的在成型基台上喷射胶状反应物质(3),胶状反应物质(3)与粉末基体物质接触发生化学反应沉积,完成零件的一个成型层的加工;
步骤五:步骤四完成后,成型基台下降一个切片层厚的高度,粉料缸(14)的粉末上升一个切片的高度,在铺粉机构的铺粉刷12驱动下,粉末基体物质重新覆盖在已成型层的表面,形成新的粉末基体物质层,液体喷嘴(13)按照下一层移动路径,将胶状反应物质(3)喷射到已成型层表面上新的粉末基体物质层上,通过胶状反应物质(3)与新的粉末基体物质层的化学反应,产生的物质沉积到已成型层表面,完成零件的又一个成型层的加工;
步骤六:重复步骤四至步骤五,直至整个零件加工完成。
6.根据权利要求5所述基于液固化学反应沉积的运行方法,其特征在于步骤二所述胶状反应物质(3)为液态胶状反应物质;粉末基体物质为粉末。
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