CN108159306A - 一种用于药疮的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN108159306A CN108159306A CN201810221164.5A CN201810221164A CN108159306A CN 108159306 A CN108159306 A CN 108159306A CN 201810221164 A CN201810221164 A CN 201810221164A CN 108159306 A CN108159306 A CN 108159306A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于药疮的药物及其制备方法，所述药物主要由银花、蝉衣、菊花、桑叶、葛根、炒苍耳子、地骨皮、乌梢蛇、全蝎、地肤子、止痒草、乌韭、竹叶、当归和生甘草制成。所述药物具有疏风清热，祛湿解毒的功效，可用于用于药疮患者，疗效好，安全无副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于药疮的药物及其制备方法，属于药品技术的领域。
技术背景
药疮，又称药毒、药疹，指药物通过口服、注射或皮肤粘膜直接用药等途径，进入人体内所引起的皮肤或粘膜的急性炎症反应，相当于西医的药物性皮炎。任何一种药物在一定条件下均有药疮的可能，如临床常用抗生素类、磺胺类、解热镇痛类等。药疮的临床特点主要表现为起病前有用药史，并有一定的潜伏期，常突然发病，皮损形态多样，颜色鲜艳可泛发或仅限于局部。目前，药物过敏性皮疹的发病率已占皮肤科初诊病例的3%，且还有不断升高的趋势。古代医家对药物或食物所致皮肤疾病早有认识,《疡医大全》记载有服用砒霜后所致“浑身紫黑”的皮肤疾病，并称其为“砒霜累疮”。明代《疡医证治准绳》中亦有记载“专游风毒，此炽热在内，或多食辛辣厚味，或服金石刚剂太过，以致热壅上焦，气血沸腾而生”。且在《诸病源候论》、《肘后备急方》中均记载有药疮的治疗用药。
目前医学上使用的治疗方法多为内服用药或在患处搽涂药物，不管是中药还是西药，治疗时间都较长，给患者精神上带来很大的痛苦，同时增加患者的经济负担，而且效果不理想，容易复发，甚至产生毒副作用。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于药疮的药物及其制备方法。所述药物具有疏风清热，祛湿解毒的功效，可用于用于药疮患者，疗效好，安全无副作用。
本发明采用以下技术方案实现：一种用于药疮的药物，按重量份计算，主要由银花20-40份、蝉衣5-15份、菊花8-16份、桑叶8-16份、葛根10-20份、炒苍耳子5-15份、地骨皮20-40份、乌梢蛇50-70份、全蝎5-15份、地肤子20-40份、止痒草20-40份、乌韭50-70份、竹叶10-30份、当归10-30份和生甘草5-15份制成。
前述的用于药疮的药物中，按重量份计算，主要由银花25-35份、蝉衣8-12份、菊花10-14份、桑叶10-14份、葛根12-18份、炒苍耳子8-12份、地骨皮25-35份、乌梢蛇55-65份、全蝎8-12份、地肤子25-35份、止痒草25-35份、乌韭55-65份、竹叶15-25份、当归15-25份和生甘草8-12份制成。
前述的用于药疮的药物中，按重量份计算，主要由银花30份、蝉衣10份、菊花12份、桑叶12份、葛根15份、炒苍耳子10份、地骨皮30份、乌梢蛇60份、全蝎10份、地肤子30份、止痒草30份、乌韭60份、竹叶20份、当归20份和生甘草10份制成。
一种前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法，取上述药物，可以加辅料，也可以不加辅料，制成药物制剂。
前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法中，所述药物制剂为口服制剂。
前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法中，所述口服制剂为汤剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂或丸剂。
前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法中，所述汤剂这样制作：取上述药物，加500体积份水浸泡20分钟，武火煎开持续4-6分钟后，文火煎15-25分钟，煎至药液150体积份；再将药液加水至500体积份，同样方法二煎煎至药液150体积份，将两次药液混合，即得。
前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法中，所述胶囊剂这样制作：取上述药物，加8-10倍量的水浸泡10-15分钟，先大火煎煮10-15min，再继续用小火煎煮15-25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏，另取浸膏量30%的淀粉和0.7%的硬脂酸镁与浸膏混匀，用60%的乙醇制粒，干燥，粉碎，填充胶囊，即得。
前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法中，所述片剂这样制作：取上述药物，加8-10倍量的水浸泡10-15分钟，先大火煎煮10-15min，再继续用小火煎煮15-25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏，浸膏与浸膏量20%的淀粉混匀，压片，包薄膜衣，即得。
前述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法中，所述颗粒剂这样制作：取上述药物，加8-10倍量的水浸泡10-15分钟，先大火煎煮10-15min，再继续用小火煎煮15-25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.15-1.20的浸膏，浸膏与浸膏量20%的淀粉和20%的糊精粉混合制粒，干燥，即得。
本发明药物主要由银花、蝉衣、菊花、桑叶、葛根、炒苍耳子、地骨皮、乌梢蛇、全蝎、地肤子、止痒草、乌韭、竹叶、当归和生甘草制成，其中，银花是一种植物，【性味】：甘；寒；【归经】：肺；心，胃经；【功效】：清热解毒，炒炭凉血止血；【主治】：外感风热，温病发热；热毒血痢；痈肿疔疮；喉痹及多种感染性疾病。蝉蜕，中药名，味甘、咸，性凉；归肺、肝经；功效：疏散风热，利咽开音，透疹，明目退翳，息风止痉；主治：用于风热感冒，温病初起，咽痛音哑，麻疹不透，风疹瘙痒，目赤翳障，急慢惊风，破伤风证，小儿夜啼不安。菊花（拉丁学名：Dendranthema morifolium（Ramat. ）Tzvel.）,有疏风、平肝之功，嗅之，对感冒、头痛有辅助治疗作用。桑叶，（Mulberry Leaf），味苦、甘，性微寒。归肺、肝经。清凉散降。葛根，中药名。为豆科植物野葛的干燥根，味甘、辛，性凉；归肺、胃经；功效：解肌退热，透疹，生津止渴，升阳止泻；用于表证发热，项背强痛，麻疹不透，热病口渴，阴虚消渴，热泻热痢，脾虚泄泻。苍耳子，中药名，味苦、甘、辛，性温；归肺、肝经；发散风寒，通鼻窍，祛风湿，止痛；用于风寒感冒，鼻渊，风湿痹痛，风疹瘙痒等证。地骨皮，是枸杞Lycium chinense Mill.的根皮。可入药，具有退热除蒸之效，凉血除蒸、清肺降火等功效。乌梢蛇是蛇目、游蛇科、乌梢蛇属中体形较大的一种蛇，俗称乌蛇，乌风蛇；乌梢蛇干具有祛风湿、通经络的功效，是治疗风湿性关节炎、中风、口眼歪斜、半身不遂等顽固性疾病的首选天然药材。全蝎，中药名。为钳蝎科动物东亚钳蝎Buthus martensii Karsch的干燥体；性味：辛，平。归肝经。功效：息风镇痉，通络止痛，攻毒散结。主治：用于肝风内动，痉挛抽搐，小儿惊风，中风口㖞，半身不遂，破伤风，风湿顽痹，偏正头痛，疮疡，瘰疬。地肤子，为藜科植物地肤子Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.的干燥成熟果实；味辛、苦，性寒；归肾、膀胱经；功效：清热利湿，祛风止痒；主治：用于小便涩痛，阴痒带下，风疹，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒。止痒草，即宽叶荨麻（原亚种）(Urtica laetevirensMaxim. subsp. laetevirens)，具有止痒功效。乌韭， （Lindsaeaceae）乌蕨属植物，其味微苦，性寒，具有清热解毒，利湿，止血的功效。主治感冒发热、咳嗽、咽喉肿痛、肠炎、痢疾、肝炎、湿热带下、痈疮肿毒、疼腮、口疮、烫火伤、毒伤、狂犬咬伤、皮肤湿疹、吐血、尿血、便血和外伤出血J。乌蕨在民间有“万能解毒药”之称，甚至可用以治疗胃癌，肠癌、肝炎等。竹叶，中药名，为禾本科植物淡竹的叶，味甘、淡，性寒，归心、肺、胃经，清热除烦，生津，利尿；用于热病烦渴，小儿惊痫，咳逆吐衄，小便短赤，口糜舌疮。当归，（学名：Angelica sinensis，），具有补血和血，调经止痛，润燥滑肠、抗癌 、抗老防老、免疫之功效。生甘草，拉丁文名：RadixGlycyrrhizae.系豆科多年生草本植物，性味：甘，平；归经：归心、肺、脾、胃经；功能主治：补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，痈肿疮毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性。
药疮由于机体禀赋不耐，药物之毒侵犯所致。药疮是皮肤之疾，而“肺主皮毛”，故邪从皮毛入，肺先受之。药毒之邪侵袭肺卫，郁闭腠理而化热，不得发越，发为丘疹、风团，皮疹潮红、瘙痒；邪热进一步入里伤脾，脾胃不运，升降失常，水湿内停，湿热毒邪互结，溢于肌肤，出现皮肤潮红、肿胀、水疱、糜烂、渗出等；或禀血热之体，又受药毒侵扰，机体火毒炽盛，燔灼营血，外发肌肤，出现皮肤或黏膜红斑，或有血疱、水疱，患处溃烂，伴有身热、烦躁口渴、便秘溲赤等，火毒上扰，神明不宁，甚或神昏谵语，狂乱不宁等。疾病后期，邪少虚多，药毒灼伤阴津，肾精亏耗，同时肺气虚损，精微不能达表，皮毛干枯不荣，可见皮肤干燥、大片脱屑, 肌肤甲错,色素沉着，久病阴液耗竭，阳无所附，浮越于外，病重而危。病位早期在肺、脾、心，晚期多与肺、肾相关。病性为虚实夹杂，虚证多为气虚、阴虚，实邪多为“风、热、湿、毒”。申请人经过长期的大量的试验研究的，得出治疗药疮当以疏风清热，祛湿解毒为基础的治疗大法，并以此提出来本发明药物，该方剂拥有疗效佳、安全性高、经济实惠、服用方便等优点，是一种用于药疮患者的新方法。
本发明银花、蝉衣、菊花、桑叶、葛根、炒苍耳子、地骨皮、乌梢蛇、全蝎、地肤子、止痒草、乌韭、竹叶、当归和生甘草为原料制成。其中主要药物金银花，味甘性寒，能清热解毒，《滇南本草》谓其能“清热，解诸疮，痈疽发背，丹流瘰疬。”蝉衣，味甘性寒，能散风除热，利咽透疹，《纲目》 记载其能治“皮肤风热，痘疹作痒，破伤风及疗肿毒疮”。二者同用，能疏散肺卫之郁热，解肌肤之药毒；方中菊花、桑叶、葛根、炒苍耳子助金银花、蝉衣以散肌肤之热。地骨皮能清虚热泄肺热，《本草别说》谓其能“治金疮”；乌梢蛇、全蝎、地肤子、止痒草配合能疏风止痒；同时，蝉衣、炒苍耳子、乌梢蛇、全蝎四味药抗过敏，有研究表明蝉蜕提取物能抑制非特异性免疫，对Ⅳ型变态反应及机体细胞免疫功能也有明显抑制作用；方中使用乌韭来解“药物之毒”；佐以当归养血润燥，配合葛根二药润燥作用更甚；竹叶味甘性寒，归心、肺、胃三经，能清热生津，善治口糜舌疮；甘草既能调和诸药，又能抗过敏，研究发现甘草甜素和甘草次酸的抗炎和抗变态反应作用。全方共奏疏风清热，祛湿解毒之效。
治疗实例
朱某，男，52岁，2015年3月3日初诊。因病在某医院输液（具体不详）后，全身皮肤多处生疮溃烂6年余，嘴唇溃烂加重1月余就诊。自诉全身多处生疮，呈紫黑色，瘙痒，疼痛，渐有溃烂、结痂，口干咽干，小便黄。体查：右手背部、肘部皮肤各有1约2cm×2cm大小疮疡，呈紫黑褐色，中心处溃烂结痂，右侧头颞部有2处约2cm×2cm大小疮疡,呈紫黑褐色，中心处溃烂结痂，唇粘膜多处溃疡面，已结痂。舌尖红体胖，苔黄腻，脉滑。西医诊断：药物性皮炎（多形红斑样型），中医诊断：药疮，辨证属肺胃郁热，浊邪郁于肌表。服用本发明药物（按实施例1进行制备），早晚两次温服。2015年3月10日复诊，患者诉疮面痒痛消失，继续服用，追访至2016年3月3日，药疮已痊愈未再复发，愈后疮面仅有色素沉着，嘴唇愈后未见色素沉着。
陈某，女，54岁，2018年1月15日初诊，患者因服用“苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片”后出现全身多发皮疹2周就诊，现患者全身多发丘疹，色红，瘙痒，无渗液，无脱屑，多发于脐周腹部、腰部、臀部及下肢内侧皮肤，伴有口干咽痒，心烦易怒，纳食可，二便调。舌质红，体胖，苔白腻，脉弦细滑。西医诊断：药物性皮炎（麻疹样型），中医诊断：药疮，辨证属风热外袭，肌肤蕴热。治疗以清热疏风，止痒消疮，服用本发明药物（按实施例1进行制备），早晚两次温服，饮食忌鸡肉，葱、姜、蒜等辛香之品。2018年1月22日，患者自诉疹消退明显，继续服用至2018年2月3日，丘疹全部消退。按：本案以全身多发丘疹，色红，瘙痒为主症，多因患者为药毒所伤，正气受损，招致风热外袭，邪热蕴于肌肤，发为丘疹、瘙痒。方中金银花、蝉衣、全蝎、桑叶同用能疏风清热解毒，竹叶清心除烦，野菊花、生甘草清热泻火解毒，桑白皮开肺气泻肺热，能助邪出表，地骨皮、地肤子、止痒草三药合用清热止痒，乌韭解药毒，方用葛根以解表透疹，并能辅助降压，生甘草兼能调和诸药。
与现有技术相比，所述药物具有疏风清热，祛湿解毒的功效，可用于用于药疮患者，疗效好，安全无副作用。
下面结合实施例对发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
具体实施方式：
实施例1.
配方：银花30g、蝉衣10g、菊花12g、桑叶12g、葛根15g、炒苍耳子10g、地骨皮30g、乌梢蛇60g、全蝎10g、地肤子30g、止痒草30g、乌韭60g、竹叶20g、当归20g和生甘草10g。
工艺：以上药物，予500毫升水浸泡20分钟，头煎：武火煎开持续5分钟，文火煎20分钟，煎至药液150毫升；再将药液加水至500毫升，同样方法二煎煎至药液150毫升，将两次药液混合，即得汤剂。
用法用量：每次100ml，每天3次。
实施例2.
配方：银花35g、蝉衣12g、菊花14g、桑叶14g、葛根18g、炒苍耳子12g、地骨皮35g、乌梢蛇65g、全蝎12g、地肤子35g、止痒草35g、乌韭65g、竹叶25g、当归25g和生甘草12g。
工艺：取上述药物，加10倍量的水浸泡15分钟，先大火煎煮15min，再继续用小火煎煮25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏，另取浸膏量30%的淀粉和0.7%的硬脂酸镁与浸膏混匀，用60%的乙醇制粒，干燥，粉碎，填充胶囊，即得胶囊剂。
规格：0.5g/粒。
用法用量：每次2-3粒，每日2-3次。
实施例3.
配方：银花25g、蝉衣8g、菊花10g、桑叶10g、葛根12g、炒苍耳子8g、地骨皮25g、乌梢蛇55g、全蝎8g、地肤子25g、止痒草25g、乌韭55g、竹叶15g、当归15g和生甘草8g。
工艺：取上述药物，加8倍量的水浸泡10分钟，先大火煎煮10min，再继续用小火煎煮15min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏，浸膏与浸膏量20%的淀粉混匀，压片，包薄膜衣，即得。
规格：0.5g/片。
用法用量：每次2-3片，每日2-3次。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于药疮的药物，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由银花20-40份、蝉衣5-15份、菊花8-16份、桑叶8-16份、葛根10-20份、炒苍耳子5-15份、地骨皮20-40份、乌梢蛇50-70份、全蝎5-15份、地肤子20-40份、止痒草20-40份、乌韭50-70份、竹叶10-30份、当归10-30份和生甘草5-15份制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于药疮的药物，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由银花25-35份、蝉衣8-12份、菊花10-14份、桑叶10-14份、葛根12-18份、炒苍耳子8-12份、地骨皮25-35份、乌梢蛇55-65份、全蝎8-12份、地肤子25-35份、止痒草25-35份、乌韭55-65份、竹叶15-25份、当归15-25份和生甘草8-12份制成。
3.如权利要求2所述的用于药疮的药物，其特征在于：按重量份计算，主要由银花30份、蝉衣10份、菊花12份、桑叶12份、葛根15份、炒苍耳子10份、地骨皮30份、乌梢蛇60份、全蝎10份、地肤子30份、止痒草30份、乌韭60份、竹叶20份、当归20份和生甘草10份制成。
4.一种如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法，其特征在于：取上述药物，可以加辅料，也可以不加辅料，制成药物制剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法，其特征在于：所述药物制剂为口服制剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法，其特征在于：所述口服制剂为汤剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂或丸剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法，其特征在于：所述汤剂这样制作：取上述药物，加500体积份水浸泡20分钟，武火煎开持续4-6分钟后，文火煎15-25分钟，煎至药液150体积份；再将药液加水至500体积份，同样方法二煎至药液150体积份，将两次药液混合，即得。
8.如权利要求6所述的用于药疮的药物的制作方法，其特征在于：所述胶囊剂这样制作：取上述药物，加8-10倍量的水浸泡10-15分钟，先大火煎煮10-15min，再继续用小火煎煮15-25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏，另取浸膏量30%的淀粉和0.7%的硬脂酸镁与浸膏混匀，用60%的乙醇制粒，干燥，粉碎，填充胶囊，即得。
9.如权利要求6所述的用于药疮的药物的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述片剂这样制作：取上述药物，加8-10倍量的水浸泡10-15分钟，先大火煎煮10-15min，再继续用小火煎煮15-25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.20-1.25的浸膏，浸膏与浸膏量20%的淀粉混匀，压片，包薄膜衣，即得。
10.如权利要求6所述的用于药疮的药物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述颗粒剂这样制作：取上述药物，加8-10倍量的水浸泡10-15分钟，先大火煎煮10-15min，再继续用小火煎煮15-25min，煎煮3次，过滤，合并滤液，滤液浓缩成50-60℃时相对密度为1.15-1.20的浸膏，浸膏与浸膏量20%的淀粉和20%的糊精粉混合制粒，干燥，即得。
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