CN108152554B - Capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of coaxial cable - Google Patents
Capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of coaxial cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN108152554B CN108152554B CN201810104039.6A CN201810104039A CN108152554B CN 108152554 B CN108152554 B CN 108152554B CN 201810104039 A CN201810104039 A CN 201810104039A CN 108152554 B CN108152554 B CN 108152554B
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/04—Voltage dividers
- G01R15/06—Voltage dividers having reactive components, e.g. capacitive transformer
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable, wherein a base I and a base II in the capacitive voltage divider are respectively positioned on two sides of an inner conductor of the coaxial cable to be measured and the insulation of the cable to be measured, and are locked by using screws, so that semicircular grooves of the base I and the base II are surrounded on the outer side of the insulation of the cable to be measured. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable to be tested is connected to two sides of the combination body formed by the base I and the base II. The consistency of the insulation performance and the impedance of the tested cable is ensured. The resistance compensation capacitor electrode and the inner wall of the central hole of the base III are used as electrodes, the compensation capacitor is insulated to form a resistance compensation capacitor, the high-low frequency response capability of the capacitive voltage divider is expanded, and the capacitance voltage divider is suitable for measuring fast-forward pulse signals; when the electrode foil is adjusted to be of a wing-shaped structure and the size of the electrode foil is increased, the low-frequency characteristic of the capacitive voltage divider can be effectively expanded. The capacitive voltage divider is adapted to measure pulsed high voltages transmitted in the coaxial cable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse high voltage measurement, and particularly relates to a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable.
Background
In pulsed high voltage measurements, capacitive voltage dividers are a common measurement means. For pulse signal detectors, the frequency response range is a critical factor in determining the accuracy of the measurement. Only capacitive voltage dividers whose frequency response ranges meet the requirements can correctly measure pulse signals of corresponding fronts and pulse widths. It is difficult to design a capacitive voltage divider that combines both high frequency and low frequency characteristics due to the influence of the distribution parameters. For example, the existing high-frequency characteristics of a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse width in the order of hundred nanoseconds can only be adapted to signal measurement with a leading edge slower than the order of 10ns, see "design of a capacitive compensation type high-voltage capacitive voltage divider" (Gao Jingming et al, volume 33, 6 th of high-voltage technology 2007) and "design and application of a capacitive voltage divider in a pulse power device" (guard et al, volume 33, 12 th of high-voltage technology 2007); however, a capacitive voltage divider for measuring signals with a leading edge faster than ns is generally difficult to measure pulse signals with a pulse width of more than tens of ns, see "influence of signals with different pulse widths on the capacitive voltage divider in nanosecond scale" (Ouyang Jia, etc., volume 12 of the high-voltage technology 2004, 30).
In addition to solving the above problems, when designing a capacitive voltage divider for measuring a pulsed high voltage transmitted by a coaxial cable, a corresponding structure is required to be designed to achieve appropriate connection between a capacitive voltage divider base and the measured cable, so as to maintain insulation performance of the measured coaxial cable, ensure impedance uniformity of the measured cable, and maintain transmission performance of the measured cable unchanged. The capacitive voltage divider disclosed at present only gives a schematic diagram, but lacks a specific structural design for a coaxial cable and cannot be popularized to industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable.
The invention relates to a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable, which is characterized in that a base I and a base II of the capacitive voltage divider are respectively positioned on two sides of an inner conductor of the coaxial cable to be measured and an insulation of the cable to be measured, and are locked by using screws, so that semicircular grooves of the base I and the base II are surrounded on the outer side of the insulation of the cable to be measured, and an outer conductor of the coaxial cable to be measured is connected to two sides of a combination body formed by the base I and the base II; the insulating film and the electrode foil are sequentially covered in the semicircular groove of the base I from inside to outside by taking the inner conductor of the coaxial cable to be tested as an axle center; the base III is fixed on the outer side of the base I, the resistor is positioned on the central axis of the central hole of the base III, one end of the resistor is welded with the electrode foil, the other end of the resistor is welded with one end of the resistor compensation capacitor electrode, and the other end of the resistor compensation capacitor electrode is connected with the core wire of the cable seat; and the pulse voltage measurement signal acquired by the capacitive voltage divider is transmitted to an oscilloscope test channel through a test signal cable for recording.
The inner conductor and the electrode foil of the coaxial cable to be tested are used as electrodes, and the insulation of the cable to be tested is used as a medium, so that the high-voltage arm structure capacitor is formed.
The electrode foil and the base I are used as electrodes, and the insulating film is used as a medium, so that the low-voltage arm structure capacitor is formed.
The resistor compensation capacitor electrode and the inner wall of the central hole of the base III are used as electrodes, and the compensation capacitor insulating film is used as a medium, so that the resistor compensation capacitor is formed.
The electrode foil extends along two sides of the semicircular groove of the base I to form a wing-shaped structure.
In the capacitive voltage divider for measuring the pulse voltage of the coaxial cable, the semicircular grooves of the base I and the base II are surrounded on the outer side of the insulation of the cable to be measured. The outer conductor of the coaxial cable to be tested is connected to two sides of the combination body formed by the base I and the base II. The structure ensures the insulation performance of the tested cable, maintains the consistency of the impedance of the tested coaxial cable, and realizes the fidelity transmission of the pulse high-voltage signal in the tested coaxial cable. The resistance compensation capacitor expands the high-frequency response capability of the capacitive voltage divider and is suitable for measuring the fast-forward pulse signals; after the electrode foil is adjusted to be of a wing-shaped structure, the size of the electrode foil is increased, and the low-frequency characteristic of the capacitive voltage divider can be effectively expanded. The capacitive voltage divider for measuring the pulse voltage of the coaxial cable has the characteristic of wide frequency response range, is suitable for being arranged on a high-voltage coaxial cable, and measures the pulse high voltage transmitted by the capacitive voltage divider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a foil-shaped electrode foil in a capacitive divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a high-voltage arm structure capacitor 2, a low-voltage arm structure capacitor 3, a resistor 4, a resistor equivalent series capacitor 5, a resistor equivalent ground capacitor 6, a resistor compensation capacitor 7, a test signal cable 8, an oscilloscope matching resistor 9, an oscilloscope test channel 11, a base I12, a base II 13, an insulating film 14, an electrode foil 15, a resistor compensation capacitor electrode 16, a compensation capacitor insulating film 17, a cable seat 18, a base III 19, a tested cable inner conductor 20, a tested cable insulation 21, a tested cable outer conductor 22 and a screw.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the high voltage arm structure capacitor 1, the low voltage arm structure capacitor 2 and the resistor 3 in the dashed line box in fig. 1 comprise a resistor equivalent series capacitor 4, a resistor equivalent ground capacitor 5 and a resistor compensation capacitor 6 which are actually present to form the capacitive voltage divider of the present invention. The main difference between the invention and the disclosed capacitive voltage divider in circuit design is that the resistance compensation capacitor 6 is arranged, so that the high-frequency characteristic of the capacitive voltage divider is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, a base i 11 and a base ii 12 of the capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable according to the present invention are respectively located at two sides of an inner conductor 19 of the coaxial cable to be measured and an insulation 20 of the cable to be measured, and are locked by using screws 22, so that semicircular grooves of the base i 11 and the base ii 12 are surrounded on the outer side of the insulation 20 of the cable to be measured, and an outer conductor 21 of the coaxial cable to be measured is connected to two sides of a combination body formed by the base i 11 and the base ii 12; the insulating film 13 and the electrode foil 14 are sequentially covered in the semicircular groove of the base I11 from inside to outside by taking the inner conductor 19 of the coaxial cable to be tested as an axis; the base III 18 is fixed on the outer side of the base I11, the resistor 3 is positioned on the central axis of the central hole of the base III 18, one end of the resistor 3 is welded with the electrode foil 14, the other end of the resistor 3 is welded with one end of the resistor compensation capacitance electrode 15, and the other end of the resistor compensation capacitance electrode 15 is connected with the core wire of the cable seat 17; the pulse voltage measurement signal obtained by the capacitive voltage divider is transmitted to an oscilloscope test channel 9 for recording through a test signal cable 7.
The high-voltage arm structure capacitor 1 is formed by taking the inner conductor 19 and the electrode foil 14 of the coaxial cable to be tested as electrodes and taking the cable insulation 20 to be tested as a medium.
The electrode foil 14 and the base I11 are used as electrodes, and the insulating film 13 is used as a medium, so that the low-voltage arm structure capacitor 2 is formed.
The resistor compensation capacitor 6 is formed by using the resistor compensation capacitor electrode 15 and the inner wall of the central hole of the base III 18 as electrodes and using the compensation capacitor insulating film 16 as a medium.
Example 1
The base I11 and the base II 12 of the capacitive voltage divider for measuring the pulse voltage of the coaxial cable are respectively positioned on two sides of an inner conductor 19 of the coaxial cable to be measured and an insulation 20 of the cable to be measured, and are locked by using screws 22, so that semicircular grooves of the base I11 and the base II 12 are surrounded on the outer side of the insulation 20 of the cable to be measured. The outer conductor 21 of the coaxial cable to be tested is connected to both sides of the assembly formed by the base I11 and the base II 12. An insulating film 13 and an electrode foil 14 are sequentially covered in the semicircular groove of the base I11. The inner conductor 19 and the electrode foil 14 of the coaxial cable to be tested are used as electrodes, and the insulation 20 of the cable to be tested is used as a medium to form the high-voltage arm structure capacitor 1; the low-voltage arm structure capacitor 2 is formed by using the electrode foil 14 and the base I11 as electrodes and using the insulating film 13 as a medium. The base III 18 is arranged on the outer side of the base I11, the resistor 3 is arranged on the central axis of the central hole of the base III 18, one end of the resistor is welded with the electrode foil 14, and the other end of the resistor is welded with one end of the resistor compensation capacitor electrode 15. The other end of the resistance compensation capacitance electrode 15 is connected with a cable seat 17, and then pulse voltage measurement signals are transmitted to the oscilloscope test channel 9 through the test signal cable 7 for recording. In the invention, the resistor compensation capacitor electrode 15 and the inner wall of the central hole of the base III 18 are used as electrodes, and the compensation capacitor insulating film 16 is used as a medium to form the resistor compensation capacitor 6. The resistor 3 of this embodiment has a length of about 6mm, a resistance value of 9kΩ, a diameter of 7.2mm, a length of about 6mm, a thickness of 150 μm of the compensation capacitor insulating film 16, and a capacitance of about 17pF of the resistance compensation capacitor 6, and the frequency upper limit of the capacitor voltage divider is higher than 2GHz, so that the pulse signal measurement requirement with a subns front edge can be satisfied.
Example 2
The present embodiment is the same as the basic structure of embodiment 1 except that the electrode foil 14 is changed. As shown in fig. 3, the electrode foil 14 is stretched along both sides of the semicircular groove of the base i 11 to form a wing-shaped structure, and the semicircular groove of the base ii 12 is also covered with the same film as the insulating film 13. The low voltage arm structure capacitance 2 can be amplified several times. According to the measurement principle of the capacitive voltage divider, the method can effectively expand the low-frequency characteristic of the capacitive voltage divider; and the inductance of the capacitor of the structure is extremely small, and the upper frequency limit of the capacitive voltage divider is not basically influenced. In this embodiment, the radius of the semicircular grooves of the base I11 and the base II 12 is 3.6mm, the length of the electrode foil 14 is about 35mm, the width of the wing-shaped part is about 8mm, the thickness of the insulating film 13 is about 50 μm, the capacitance 2 of the low-voltage arm structure is about 500pF, the low-frequency limit value of the capacitance voltage divider is lower than 30kHz, the upper frequency limit is still higher than 500MHz, and the pulse signal measurement requirements of hundreds of ns pulse width and ns leading edge can be met.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention without inventive work by those skilled in the art from the above-described concepts.
Claims (2)
1. A capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable, comprising:
the base I (11) and the base II (12) of the capacitive voltage divider are respectively positioned at two sides of an inner conductor (19) of a coaxial cable to be tested and an insulation (20) of the cable to be tested, and are locked by using screws (22), so that semicircular grooves of the base I (11) and the base II (12) are encircling the outer side of the insulation (20) of the cable to be tested, and an outer conductor (21) of the coaxial cable to be tested is connected to two sides of a combination body formed by the base I (11) and the base II (12); the insulating film (13) and the electrode foil (14) are sequentially covered in the semicircular groove of the base I (11) from inside to outside by taking the inner conductor (19) of the coaxial cable to be tested as an axle center; the base III (18) is fixed on the outer side of the base I (11), the resistor (3) is positioned on the central axis of the central hole of the base III (18), one end of the resistor (3) is welded with the electrode foil (14), the other end of the resistor (3) is welded with one end of the resistor compensation capacitance electrode (15), and the other end of the resistor compensation capacitance electrode (15) is connected with the core wire of the cable seat (17); the resistor compensation capacitor (6) is formed by taking the inner walls of the central holes of the resistor compensation capacitor electrode (15) and the base III (18) as electrodes and taking the compensation capacitor insulating film (16) as a medium; the resistance value of the resistor (3) is 9k omega;
the pulse voltage measurement signals acquired by the capacitive voltage divider are transmitted to an oscilloscope test channel (9) through a test signal cable (7) for recording.
2. A capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of a coaxial cable according to claim 1, wherein: the electrode foil (14) extends along two sides of the semicircular groove of the base I (11) to form a wing-shaped structure.
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