CN101839939B - Subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measurement system - Google Patents

Subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measurement system Download PDF

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CN101839939B
CN101839939B CN2010101533946A CN201010153394A CN101839939B CN 101839939 B CN101839939 B CN 101839939B CN 2010101533946 A CN2010101533946 A CN 2010101533946A CN 201010153394 A CN201010153394 A CN 201010153394A CN 101839939 B CN101839939 B CN 101839939B
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sma interface
voltage pulse
cable
interface
copper sheet
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CN101839939A (en
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姚陈果
赵东阳
唐炬
李成祥
张晓星
米彦
孙才新
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Shanghai Ruidao Medical Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measurement system and relates to a device for measuring subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signals transmitted in a coaxial cable. The measurement system mainly comprises a coaxial capacitive voltage divider, a noninductive resistor, and an oscilloscope. The coaxial capacitive voltage divider in the device effectively uses stray parameters between inner and outer conductors of the structure and the coaxial cable. By adopting the crimping mode to connect the components, the lead-in inductance is effectively reduced, and the system measurement bandwidth is improved. The subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measurement system have the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, no change of the signal transmission medium structure in the coaxial cable, and no influence on the originally transmitted signals, and can be widely applied to the measurement of high-voltage pulse signals in the coaxial cable.

Description

A kind of subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system
Technical field
The invention belongs to subnanosecond high-voltage pulse field of measuring technique, be specifically related to a kind of measurement mechanism that is used for measuring the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal that concentric cable transmits.
Background technology
Utilize oscillograph that low voltage pulse signal is directly measured, be engineering means very easily, yet, can not directly utilize oscillograph to observe for high-voltage pulse signal.Subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal concentric cable commonly used is as transmission medium, therefore, the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal that transmits in the concentric cable is accurately measured, and, be the emphasis and the focus of engineering and technological research for industries such as communication, radar, medical treatment provide reliable accurate subnanosecond pulse signal source.
The measurement mechanism of existing high-voltage pulse signal, as application number is " be used for nanosecond high-voltage pulse measure coaxial-symmetrical discrete capacitive voltage divider " patent of 200910022780.9, and disclosed capacitive divider comprises cylindrical, copper conductor, bonding shell, epoxy resin, electrode, 4 dividing potential drop boxes and low-voltage capacitance etc.The major defect of this capacitive divider is: need be around the lead during measurement casting epoxy resin, implant electrode parcel, dividing potential drop box etc. is installed, this capacitive divider complex structure, be awkward and the cost height higher; Change the lead medium on every side of transmission ns high voltage pulse signal, source signal has been had a significant impact, influenced the accuracy of measuring; Introduced lead inductance, reduced the bandwidth of measuring, this capacitive divider is of limited application, and can not satisfy the needs that subnanosecond even narrower high-voltage pulse are accurately measured.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency at existing high-voltage pulse signal measurement mechanism, a kind of subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system is provided, has the transmission signals that neither influences in the concentric cable, can accurately measure the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal of its transmission again, the measuring accuracy height, bandwidth height, and simple in structure, characteristics such as easy for installation.
Mechanism of the present invention is: the coaxial capacitance voltage divider is installed on the measured concentric cable, and the stray parameter between concentric cable and the voltage divider has constituted the high-voltage arm capacitor C of voltage divider respectively hWith the low-voltage arm capacitor C lSubnanosecond action of low-voltage pulse measuring-signal by voltage divider is drawn causes stube cable one end through noninductive resistance Rp; Stube cable is commercial element, and impedance is Z 0(50 Ω), its other end links to each other with oscillograph by interface; Oscillograph is commercial device, coupling internal resistance R lOptional (50 Ω or 1M Ω); When the pulsewidth of measured pulse signal is subnanosecond level (pulsewidth is τ), and the Rp (C that satisfies condition h+ C lThe τ of)>>is as oscillograph coupling internal resistance R lWhen electing 50 Ω as, the pulse waveform that oscillograph shows is the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal that transmits in the concentric cable of amplitude attenuation, and its amplitude attenuation multiple is (Rp/R l) * (1+C l/ C h).
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system mainly comprises coaxial capacitance voltage divider, noninductive resistance and oscillograph.
Coaxial capacitance voltage divider (hereinafter to be referred as voltage divider) mainly is made up of copper sheet, polyethylene insulation diaphragm, SMA interface, U-shaped folder.The one side of copper sheet closely sticks on the outside surface of the insulation course of peelling off crust and grounded screen in the little otch of concentric cable, the tight sticking polyethylene insulation film of the another side of copper sheet sheet.Commercial SMA interface (is similar to the interface of connection terminal, because of the bandwidth of subnanosecond pulse signal higher, need could nondestructively accurately draw the subnanosecond pulse signal with the SMA interface) mainly form by central core and grounding shell, the SMA interface is installed in the outside of copper sheet and polyethylene insulation diaphragm, and the center that the central core of SMA interface is passed the polyethylene insulation diaphragm closely is connected with copper sheet.The U-shaped folder is the copper cuff that 2 two ends have the semi-round ring shape of engaging lug, the external diameter coupling of the internal diameter of its semicircular ring and the grounded screen of concentric cable, top at first annulus of U-shaped folder is provided with an aperture, the SMA interface is installed in this aperture, U-shaped folder, and also is connected the shell of SMA interface on the outside surface of the grounded screen of a bit of concentric cable of peelling off crust reliably by the screw on its two ends engaging lug and screw retention with the grounded screen of concentric cable.Therefore constituted the high-voltage arm electric capacity (C of voltage divider between the heart yearn of concentric cable and the copper sheet h), the low-voltage arm electric capacity (C of formation voltage divider between copper sheet and the copper U-shaped folder l), coaxial cable insulated layer and polyethylene insulation diaphragm have constituted high and low pressure arm electric capacity (C respectively h, C l) insulating medium.
Noninductive resistance is commercial ultrahigh frequency noninductive resistance element, and its resistance is 1.5~100k Ω, and its two ends dispose the SMA interface respectively, and the SMA interface at noninductive resistance two ends is connected with the SMA interface of voltage divider and an end of stube cable respectively; Stube cable is commercial ultrahigh frequency cable element, and the one end is furnished with the SMA interface, and is connected with an end of noninductive resistance, and the other end is furnished with bnc interface (being similar to the interface of connection terminal), and directly docks with the oscillograph input end.
Oscillograph is commercial equipment (bandwidth is that 6GHz, real-time sampling rate are that 20GS/s, passage coupling internal resistance 1M Ω and 50 Ω are optional), selecting the internal resistance of oscillograph input end passage coupling during measurement is 50 Ω, then directly reads the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal that transmits in the concentric cable by oscillograph.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
(1) the coaxial capacitance voltage divider has utilized the inner and outer conductor of structure and the stray parameter between the concentric cable cleverly, installs simply, is convenient to operation, and do not change the dielectric structure of signal transmission in the concentric cable, and original signal is not had influence.
(2) each components and parts of coaxial capacitance voltage divider adopt the crimping mode to be connected, and have effectively reduced lead-in inductance, have improved the systematic survey bandwidth.
(3) whole measuring system compact conformation, various piece can independent dismounting, and be easy for installation, effectively satisfied the measurement needs of concentric cable Central Asia ns high voltage pulse signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of coaxial capacitance voltage divider of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the pulse signal waveform figure of present embodiment 1 actual measurement.
Wherein: a is the measuring-signal oscillogram, and b is a measured pulse source signal oscillogram.
Among the figure: V iTransmission signals in the concentric cable, C hHigh-voltage arm electric capacity, C lLow-voltage arm electric capacity, Rp noninductive resistance, Z 0The stube cable impedance, R lThe internal resistance of oscillograph coupling, V 0The oscillograph output signal, 1 screw, 2U clevis, 3 cable cores, 4 copper sheets, 5SMA interface, 6 polyethylene insulation diaphragms, 7 grounded screens, 8 insulation courses.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1~2, a kind of subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system mainly comprises coaxial capacitance voltage divider, noninductive resistance Rp and oscillograph.
Coaxial capacitance voltage divider (hereinafter to be referred as voltage divider) mainly is made up of copper sheet 4, polyethylene insulation diaphragm 6, SMA interface 5, U-shaped folder 2.The one side of copper sheet 4 closely sticks on the outside surface of the insulation course 8 of peelling off crust and grounded screen 7 in the little otch of concentric cable, the tight sticking polyethylene insulation film of the another side of copper sheet 4 sheet 6.Commercial SMA interface 5 (is similar to the interface of connection terminal, because of the bandwidth of subnanosecond pulse signal higher, need could nondestructively accurately draw the subnanosecond pulse signal with SMA interface 5) mainly form by central core and grounding shell, SMA interface 5 is installed in the outside of copper sheet 4 and polyethylene insulation diaphragm 6, and the center that the central core of SMA interface 5 is passed polyethylene insulation diaphragm 6 closely is connected with copper sheet 4.U-shaped folder 2 is the copper cuff that 2 two ends have the semi-round ring shape of engaging lug, the external diameter coupling of the internal diameter of its semicircular ring and the grounded screen of concentric cable 7, top at first annulus of U-shaped folder 2 is provided with an aperture, SMA interface 5 is installed in this aperture, U-shaped folder 2 is fixed on by screw on its two ends engaging lug and screw 1 on the outside surface of grounded screen 7 of a bit of concentric cable of peelling off crust, and the shell of SMA interface 5 also is connected with the grounded screen 7 of concentric cable reliably.Therefore, constituted the high-voltage arm capacitor C of voltage divider between the heart yearn 3 of concentric cable and the copper sheet 4 h, the low-voltage arm capacitor C of formation voltage divider between copper sheet 4 and the copper U-shaped folder 2 l, coaxial cable insulated layer 8 and polyethylene insulation diaphragm 6 have constituted high and low pressure arm capacitor C respectively h, C lInsulating medium.
Noninductive resistance Rp is commercial ultrahigh frequency noninductive resistance element, and its resistance is 1.5k Ω, and its two ends dispose the SMA interface respectively, and the SMA interface at noninductive resistance Rp two ends is connected with the SMA interface 5 of voltage divider and an end of stube cable respectively; Stube cable is commercial ultrahigh frequency cable element, and the one end is furnished with the SMA interface, and is connected with the end of noninductive resistance Rp, and the other end is furnished with bnc interface (being similar to the interface of connection terminal), and directly docks with the oscillograph input end.
Oscillograph is commercial equipment (bandwidth is that 6GHz, real-time sampling rate are that 20GS/s, passage coupling internal resistance 1M Ω and 50 Ω are optional), selects oscillograph input end passage coupling internal resistance R during measurement lBe 50 Ω, then directly read the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal that transmits in the concentric cable by oscillograph.
Embodiment 2
A kind of subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system, with embodiment 1, wherein: the resistance of noninductive resistance Rp is 50k Ω.
Embodiment 3
A kind of subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system, with embodiment 1, wherein: the resistance of noninductive resistance Rp is 100k Ω.
Experimental result
Subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system with present embodiment 1 is tested.Coaxial capacitance voltage divider copper sheet 4 sizes are as follows: length is 10mm, and width is 5mm, and thickness is 0.11mm; The radius of coaxial cable core wire 3 is 1.35mm, and cable insulation 8 radiuses are 4.63mm, respectively the high and low pressure arm capacitor C that the coaxial capacitance voltage divider is constituted h, C lCarry out Theoretical Calculation respectively, and proofread and correct, voltage divider high-voltage arm capacitor C in conjunction with apparatus measures hBe 0.15pF, the low-voltage arm capacitor C lBe 8pF.Noninductive resistance Rp is 1.5k Ω.The intrinsic standoff ratio of whole measuring system is (1500/50) * (1+7.44/0.15)=1518, with the measured pulse source signal that transmits in the concentric cable and import oscillographic different passage through the measuring-signal that measuring system is drawn and test, its measurement result as shown in Figure 3 respectively.
Among Fig. 3: the amplitude 3.8V of measured pulse source signal b, rising edge 700ps, negative edge 700ps is about pulsewidth 800ps; The amplitude 2.5mV of measuring-signal a, rising edge 700ps, negative edge 700ps is about pulsewidth 800ps.This shows: the coaxial capacitance voltage divider stray inductance of measuring system is minimum, can respond the subnanosecond pulse signal that transmits in the concentric cable; The impulse source signal is 1520 with the amplitude ratio of measuring-signal, and this ratio conforms to substantially with the theoretical intrinsic standoff ratio 1518 of measuring system, and relative error is about 0.1%, has satisfied the measuring accuracy requirement.Therefore, the present invention can accurately measure the subnanosecond high-voltage pulse signal that transmits in the concentric cable.
Subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system compact conformation of the present invention, various piece can independent dismounting, and is easy for installation, and do not change the dielectric structure of impulse source signal transmission, original signal is not had influence, effectively satisfied the measurement needs of concentric cable Central Asia ns high voltage pulse signal.

Claims (1)

1. subnanosecond high-voltage pulse measuring system, mainly comprise noninductive resistance and oscillograph, it is characterized in that described measuring system also has the coaxial capacitance voltage divider, the coaxial capacitance voltage divider is mainly by copper sheet (4), polyethylene insulation diaphragm (6), SMA interface (5), U-shaped folder (2) is formed, the one side of copper sheet (4) closely sticks on the outside surface of the insulation course (8) of peelling off crust and grounded screen (7) in the little otch of concentric cable, the tight sticking polyethylene insulation film of the another side sheet (6) of copper sheet (4), SMA interface (5) mainly is made up of central core and grounding shell, SMA interface (5) is installed in the outside of copper sheet (4) and polyethylene insulation diaphragm (6), the center that the central core of SMA interface (5) is passed polyethylene insulation diaphragm (6) closely is connected with copper sheet (4), U-shaped folder (2) is the copper cuff that 2 two ends have the semi-round ring shape of engaging lug, the external diameter coupling of the internal diameter of its semicircular ring and the grounded screen of concentric cable (7), the top that presss from both sides first annulus of (2) at U-shaped is provided with an aperture, SMA interface (5) is installed in this aperture, U-shaped folder (2) is fixed on the outside surface of a bit of grounded screen (7) of peelling off the concentric cable of crust by screw on its two ends engaging lug and screw (1), and the shell of SMA interface (5) also is connected with the grounded screen (7) of concentric cable reliably;
Noninductive resistance (Rp) is a ultrahigh frequency noninductive resistance element, its resistance is 1.5~100k Ω, its two ends dispose the SMA interface respectively, the SMA interface at noninductive resistance (Rp) two ends is connected with the SMA interface (5) of voltage divider and an end of stube cable respectively, stube cable is the ultrahigh frequency cable element, the one end is furnished with the SMA interface, and is connected with the SMA interface of noninductive resistance (Rp) end, and the other end is furnished with bnc interface and directly docks with the oscillograph input end;
Oscillographic bandwidth is that 6GHz, real-time sampling rate are that 20GS/s, passage coupling internal resistance 1M Ω and 50 Ω are optional, selects oscillograph input end passage coupling internal resistance (R during measurement l) be 50 Ω.
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CN103116081B (en) * 2012-12-31 2015-05-13 北京无线电计量测试研究所 Calibration method of pulse current
CN103105600A (en) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-15 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 Pulse measurement probe demarcating room
CN103743926B (en) * 2013-12-24 2016-04-06 浙江大学 A kind of independent differential-integrahigh-voltage high-voltage probe
CN104267232B (en) * 2014-10-13 2017-06-30 西安交通大学 A kind of non-cpntact measurement capacitance sensor lower frequency limit extension system
CN106856145A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-06-16 江苏思源赫兹互感器有限公司 The preparation method and electronic type voltage transformer of a kind of coaxial capacitive voltage divider
CN108152554B (en) * 2018-02-02 2024-03-19 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 Capacitive voltage divider for measuring pulse voltage of coaxial cable
CN108872682B (en) * 2018-08-30 2020-07-28 重庆大学 Microstrip line coupling-based voltage measurement device and method
CN109738674B (en) * 2019-01-30 2021-08-17 朱益飞 Nanosecond pulse backflow signal acquisition device
CN110031789B (en) * 2019-04-09 2022-04-01 西北核技术研究所 Full-range calibration device and calibration method for high-voltage nanosecond pulse voltage divider scale factor

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