CN108151870A - A kind of construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function - Google Patents
A kind of construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction quality problem detection methods based on frequency response function, are related to mechanical vibration technology field.Include the following steps：Determine that there may be the area to be tested of construction quality problem on object to be evaluated；It treats evaluation object and qualified construction object applies identical excitation so that it is vibrated respectively, origin and at least one vibration frequency response function across point are obtained respectively, and it calculates and obtains origin and each across the frequency band root mean square of the vibration frequency response function ratio of point, wherein, each it is connected across point by area to be tested with the origin of incentive action；When the difference of object to be evaluated and the frequency band root mean square of qualified construction object is more than the threshold value of setting, judge that there are construction quality problems for object to be evaluated.The present invention is effectively reduced different operation personnel and applies human factor influence caused by excitation and data analysis so that analysis result has higher repeatability and consistency, and data analysis is simple, can be used for judging smaller construction quality problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical vibration technology fields, are specifically related to a kind of construction quality problem inspection based on frequency response function
Survey method.
Background technology
In the construction work progress of ship, need to certain construction quality problems of Ship Structure itself and surface (such as
Weld defect inspection, Composite Bonded quality examination and structure bonding strength inspection etc.) it is detected and identifies.Needle at present
It relies on the detection of construction quality problem the methods of ear is listened, is visual more or carries out vibration noise detection by instrument and equipment.It adopts
During with vibration noise detection method, first there are the frequency response functions of the position acquisition dynamic excitation of construction quality problem
(Frequency Response Function, FRF) curve, but during subsequent progress data analysis, typically directly according to frequency response letter
Frequency band root mean square (Root Mean Square, the RMS) value of number curve or the amplitude of typical frequencies are compared.Above-mentioned normal
In the vibration noise detection method of rule, not only test result is applied human factor caused by excitation by different operating personnel
It influences, and data processing method excessively relies on the engineering experience of data analyst.Therefore, it is considered that conventional test and
The error of data analysing method, up to 2dB, causes conventional vibration noise detection method only may be used under 1dB or so, partial picture
Identify larger construction quality problem, and it is then not sensitive enough for subtle construction quality problem, it is difficult to and judge is to measure and divide
Analyse error or construction quality problem so that the consistency of analysis result is poor, to the evaluation conclusion disunity of construction quality problem,
Engineering application value is relatively low.
Invention content
For defect in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction matter based on frequency response function
Failure detecting method is measured, the people as caused by different operation personnel apply excitation and progress data analysis can be effectively reduced
It is influenced for factor so that analysis result has higher repeatability and consistency.
The present invention provides a kind of construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function, includes the following steps：
Determine that there may be the area to be tested of construction quality problem on object to be evaluated；
Treat evaluation object and qualified construction object applies identical excitation respectively so that it is vibrated, obtain respectively origin and
At least one vibration frequency response function across point, and calculate obtain origin with each across point vibrate frequency response function ratio frequency band it is equal
Root, wherein, each it is connected across point by area to be tested with the origin of incentive action；
When the difference of object to be evaluated and the frequency band root mean square of qualified construction object is more than the threshold value of setting, judgement
There are construction quality problems for object to be evaluated.
Based on the above technical solution, the method for applying excitation is hammering method or vibrator method.
Based on the above technical solution, it is described vibration frequency response function for displacement frequency response function, speed frequency response function or
Person's acceleration frequency response function.
Based on the above technical solution, the vibration signal on origin acquisition excitation orientation vibrates frequency response letter to obtain
Number；
Each across point arrangement multi sensor, the vibration signal of each axis direction is acquired, according to response most
The vibration signal of a big axis direction obtains vibration frequency response function.
Based on the above technical solution, each multi sensor is respectively provided with three mutually perpendicular axis sides
To one of axis direction is identical with excitation orientation or three axis directions are different from excitation orientation.
Based on the above technical solution, origin with each across point vibration frequency response function ratio frequency band root mean square
Ld-RMSCalculation formula be：
Wherein, n is the frequency point number chosen in the frequency band of the vibration frequency response function across point and origin, and each frequency point represents one
A frequency values, hjkFor j-th of frequency response function value across k-th of frequency point in the vibration frequency response function curve of point, hikFor origin
Vibrate the frequency response function value of k-th of frequency point in frequency response function curve, 1≤k≤n.
Based on the above technical solution, the frequency band is determined according to the dynamic characteristic of object to be evaluated.
Based on the above technical solution, the frequency band is 50Hz~1000Hz.
Based on the above technical solution, the threshold value set is 1dB.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention is as follows：
(1) judge whether object to be evaluated is deposited according to the frequency band root mean square of origin and the vibration frequency response function ratio across point
In construction quality problem, the people as caused by different operation personnel apply excitation and progress data analysis can be effectively reduced
It is influenced for factor so that analysis result has higher repeatability and consistency, meets Practical Project demand.
(2) it only needs that detection work can be completed across point and two measuring points of origin, amount of test data is small, data analysing method
Simply, and the directly qualified construction object of comparison is judged, and does not rely on the engineering experience of data analyst excessively, further
Improve the reliability of analysis result.
(3) the composite material laying for structure welding quality, structure, the construction quality problems such as quality of connection of structure are quick
Sensitivity is big, and the difference of analysis result is more than traditional test error range, clearly judges smaller construction quality problem.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is construction quality problem detection method flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention based on frequency response function；
Fig. 2 is origin on the structure diagram and the metal structure 6 of typical metal structure 6, across point 1 and across point 2
Position；
Fig. 3 is origin and the vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio spectrogram across point 1；
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view (750Hz~800Hz) of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is origin and the vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio spectrogram across point 2；
Fig. 6 is the partial enlarged view (750Hz~800Hz) of Fig. 5.
In figure：
1- origins, 2- is across 1,3- of point across point the first area to be tested of 2,4-, the second area to be tested of 5-, 6- metal structures.
Specific embodiment
The basic principle of this method is：Based on the frequency response function curve in vibration test technology, build across a frequency response function
Ratio and its frequency band root mean square, according to above-mentioned theory, for specific structure objects, by being directed to standard technology and testing process
The product of acceptance(check) be carried out at the same time excitation where origin frequency response function test and the area to be tested other end across point
Frequency response function test, the frequency response function ratio under standard Construction State and frequency band root-mean-square value is calculated, in this, as this
The master sample of structure objects.For other batch products of the structure objects, measuring point is arranged at same position, use is identical
Exciting test and data processing method, by comparing frequency response function ratio and frequency band root-mean-square value, judge whether to construct
Quality problems.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function, packet
Include following steps：
S1. determine that there may be the area to be tested of construction quality problem on object to be evaluated.
S2. treat evaluation object and qualified construction object applies identical excitation respectively so that it is vibrated, obtain origin and
At least one vibration frequency response function across point, and calculate obtain origin with each across point vibrate frequency response function ratio frequency band it is equal
Root, wherein, each it is connected across point by area to be tested with the origin of incentive action.I.e. origin is excitation point or neighbouring
Point is encouraged, is response point across putting.
The method for applying excitation is hammering method or vibrator method.Vibration frequency response function is displacement frequency response function, speed frequency
Ring function or acceleration frequency response function.
The area to be tested of the large scale structures such as ship has multiple, and may mutually be not attached to, therefore, be treated for different
The origin of detection zone can also be different.
The method for obtaining origin and at least one vibration frequency response function across point is：Shaking on origin acquisition excitation orientation
Signal is moved to obtain vibration frequency response function, wherein, when the method for applying excitation is hammering method, in the position cloth of neighbouring hammer point
Vibrating sensor is put, acquires the vibration signal on excitation orientation to obtain vibration frequency response function；When the method for applying excitation is sharp
During device method of shaking, the vibration signal on excitation orientation is acquired using vibrator to obtain vibration frequency response function.Each uniformly distributed across point
Multi sensor is put, acquires the vibration signal of each axis direction, according to response the vibration of a maximum axis direction
Signal acquisition vibrates frequency response function.Specifically, each multi sensor is respectively provided with three mutually perpendicular axis directions,
In an axis direction is identical with excitation orientation or three axis directions are different from excitation orientation.
For the system of single-point-excitation, the response at a certain measuring point can have following formula to be calculated：
FH=A, (1)
Wherein, F is frequency point matrix, and H is frequency response function value matrix, and A is vibratory response matrix, when vibratory response matrix A point
Not Wei vibration displacement, speed or during acceleration, vibration frequency response function is respectively correspondingly displacement frequency response function, speed frequency response letter
Number or acceleration frequency response function.Its matrix form is：
N is the frequency point number chosen in the frequency band for vibrate frequency response function, and each frequency point represents a frequency values, hkFor this
Vibrate the frequency response function value of k-th of frequency point in frequency response function curve, a1,...,anRespectively in the vibration frequency response function curve
1 ..., the motor imagination numerical value of n frequency point, 1≤k≤n, therefore, the system a certain frequency point (frequency values f), i-th
Vibration frequency response function ratio l between measuring point and j-th of measuring pointdIt is represented by：
Wherein, i-th of measuring point is origin, and origin is the response of excitation for excitation point or neighbouring excitation point, j-th of measuring point
Point, i.e., across point, when frequency values are f, hiFor the vibration frequency response function value of i-th of measuring point, hjFor excitation o'clock to j-th of measuring point
Vibration frequency response function value, aiFor the vibratory response numerical value of i-th of measuring point, ajVibratory response numerical value for j-th of measuring point.
According to above-mentioned analysis it is found that origin with each across point vibration frequency response function ratio frequency band root mean square Ld-RMSMeter
Calculating formula is：
Wherein, n is the frequency point number chosen in the frequency band of the vibration frequency response function across point and origin, and each frequency point represents one
A frequency values, hjkFor j-th of frequency response function value across k-th of frequency point in the vibration frequency response function curve of point, hikFor origin
Vibrate the frequency response function value of k-th of frequency point in frequency response function curve, 1≤k≤n.Frequency band is according to the dynamic characteristic of object to be evaluated
It determining, for different construction objects, frequency band may be different, it is generally the case that frequency band can be 50Hz~1000Hz, still,
For the structure that small-sized, rigidity are larger, the upper limiting frequency of frequency band can reach 2000Hz or more than, for certain special constructions,
The lower frequency limit of its frequency band may be 5Hz.
S3. when the difference of object to be evaluated and the frequency band root mean square of the vibration frequency response function ratio of qualified construction object is more than
During the threshold value of setting, judge that there are construction quality problems for object to be evaluated.The threshold value set is 1dB.
Judge that object to be evaluated whether there is according to the frequency band root mean square of origin and the vibration frequency response function ratio across point
Construction quality problem can be effectively reduced artificial as caused by different operation personnel apply excitation and progress data analysis
Factor influences so that analysis result has higher repeatability and consistency, meets Practical Project demand.
It only needs that detection work can be completed across point and two measuring points of origin, amount of test data is small, data analysing method letter
It is single, and the directly qualified construction object of comparison is judged, and is not relied on the engineering experience of data analyst excessively, is further carried
The reliability of high analyte result.
The construction quality problems such as the quality of connection of composite material laying, structure for structure welding quality, structure are sensitive
Degree is big, and the difference of analysis result is more than traditional test error range, clearly judges smaller construction quality problem.
The above method is illustrated below by way of metal structure 6：
Shown in Figure 2, the upper surface of the metal structure 6 and vertical surface are construction surface, and construction surface uses gluing
Agent is pasted rubber material and is laid on metal body.
Concrete operation step is as follows：
1) using the metal structure 6 as evaluation object, clearly there may be the area to be tested of construction quality problem：Upper table
Therefore face, selects the both ends of upper surface and hangs down as the first area to be tested 4, vertical surface as the second area to be tested 5
The lower end faced directly as point position, wherein, origin 1 and across point 2 be located at upper surface both ends, at this point, across point 2 and origin 1 all
In the first area to be tested 4, it is located in the second area to be tested 5 across point 3.
2) foundation《The experiment of GB/T 11349.3-2006 vibratory-shock machinery admittance determines third portion：It is excited by impact
Method》Complete origin 1, across point 2 and the vibration acceleration frequency response function test across point 3, wherein, hammer stimulating is carried out in origin 1, is swashed
Direction is encouraged perpendicular to upper surface and downward, while acquires and obtains origin 1, across point 2 and the vibration acceleration frequency response letter across point 3
Number.
Acceleration transducer is arranged in origin 1, acquires the acceleration signal of excitation orientation to obtain vibration acceleration frequency response
Function is arranging multi sensor across point 2 and across point 3, is acquiring the vibration signal of each axis direction, according to response most
The vibration signal of a big axis direction obtains vibration frequency response function.Specifically, each multi sensor is respectively provided with three
A mutually perpendicular axis direction, is located at the both ends of upper surface due to origin 1 and across point 2, is located at vertical surface across point 3, therefore,
It can be identical with excitation orientation across three axis directions for putting 2 and the multi sensor across point 3.Under normal conditions, across
In point 2 and three acceleration signals acquired across point 3, the acceleration signal maximum of the axis direction identical with excitation orientation,
In fig. 2, the axis direction is vertically downward.
When the specific position across point is special, for example, origin with across point be connected by irregular curved surface when, across the more of point
Three axis directions of axis vibration sensor may be different from excitation orientation.
It is common to carry out hammering test three times, wherein test twice is under the complete tacky state of rubber material, i.e. qualified construction
Object carries out hammering test by two different testing crews in origin 1, and test result is denoted as mark 1 and mark 2, and third time is hammered into shape
When hitting test, degumming process is carried out (i.e. to the partial rubber material of the first area to be tested 4 and the second area to be tested 5 respectively
Upper surface and each degumming half block of vertical surface), test result, which is denoted as, changes 1.Therefore, the test result of mark 1 and mark 2 is all based on
Qualified construction object, the test result for changing 1 are based on object to be evaluated.
3) the vibration acceleration frequency response function acquired according to test every time, according to formula (3) calculate in frequency band origin 1 with
Across the vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio and origin 1 of point 2 and the vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio across point 3, frequency spectrum
Figure is respectively as shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6.
4) the frequency band root mean square of vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio tested every time is calculated according to formula (4).
5) it compares 3 times and tests obtained vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio and its frequency band root mean square, judge the metal
The construction quality of structure 6 whether there is problem.
Specifically, following table 1 tests obtained origin 1 and across the vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio for putting 2 for 3 times
The comparing result of root mean square, table 2 for test for 3 times obtained origin 1 with across the equal of the vibration acceleration frequency response function ratio for putting 3
The comparing result of root.
Table 1
Table 2
It was found from the result of table 1, table 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 5：The test result of comparison mark 1 and mark 2, vibration acceleration frequency
The difference for ringing the frequency band root mean square of function ratio is respectively less than 1dB, i.e., by two different testing crews respectively in qualified construction
The origin 1 of object carries out hammering test, and test result is very close twice, illustrates that this method is significantly reduced by different operation
Personnel, which apply human factor caused by excitation, to be influenced.
Data needed for this method can be obtained by hammering method or the excitation of vibrator method, it is only necessary to be operated according to GB standard
, do not generate analysis result difference due to input source characteristic changing caused by tester's otherness.Data Post personnel
It only needs to carry out data processing and inversion according to formula (3) and (4), reduces human intervention degree, analysis result is with a high credibility, processing
Method is simple, not by data test and post-processes the difference of personnel and generates conclusion difference.Therefore, this method has higher weight
The consistency of renaturation and analysis result can meet engineering use.
Comparison marks 1 and marks 2 test result and change 1 test result, and mark 1 accelerates with changing 1 and marking 2 with changing 1 vibration
The difference for spending the frequency band root mean square of frequency response function ratio reaches 3~4dB.It is generally acknowledged that routine test and data analysing method
Error is in 1dB or so, partly up to 2dB.Therefore, for same construction quality problem, the error identification of this method can reach
1dB, you can the test result difference identified is 1dB, and routine test and data analysing method are affected by human factors, can go out
Test result difference be significantly higher than 1dB, when test result difference be 1dB when, data evaluation meaning has been lost.Therefore, originally
The analysis result difference of method is apparent, with a high credibility to the evaluation of construction quality problem.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, for those skilled in the art, is not departing from
Under the premise of the principle of the invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also considered as the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Determine that there may be the area to be tested of construction quality problem on object to be evaluated；
It treats evaluation object and qualified construction object applies identical excitation respectively so that it is vibrated, obtain origin and at least respectively
One vibration frequency response function across point, and calculate obtain origin with each across point vibrate frequency response function ratio frequency band it is square
Root, wherein, each it is connected across point by area to be tested with the origin of incentive action；
When the difference of object to be evaluated and the frequency band root mean square of qualified construction object is more than the threshold value of setting, judgement is to be evaluated
There are construction quality problems for valency object.
2. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Apply excitation
Method be hammering method or vibrator method.
3. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The vibration
Frequency response function is displacement frequency response function, speed frequency response function or acceleration frequency response function.
4. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The vibration signal on excitation orientation is acquired in origin to obtain vibration frequency response function；
Multi sensor is arranged across point, acquire the vibration signal of each axis direction each, it is maximum according to response
The vibration signal of one axis direction obtains vibration frequency response function.
5. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Each multiaxis
Vibrating sensor is respectively provided with three mutually perpendicular axis directions, and one of axis direction is identical with excitation orientation, Huo Zhesan
A axis direction is different from excitation orientation.
6. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that origin with it is every
The frequency band root mean square L of a vibration frequency response function ratio across pointd-RMSCalculation formula be：
Wherein, n is the frequency point number chosen in the frequency band of the vibration frequency response function across point and origin, and each frequency point represents a frequency
Rate score, hjkFor j-th of frequency response function value across k-th of frequency point in the vibration frequency response function curve of point, hikVibration for origin
The frequency response function value of k-th of frequency point, 1≤k≤n in frequency response function curve.
7. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The frequency band
It is determined according to the dynamic characteristic of object to be evaluated.
8. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The frequency band
For 50Hz~1000Hz.
9. the construction quality problem detection method based on frequency response function as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The setting
Threshold value be 1dB.
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