CN108151768A - A kind of semiconductor magnetic sensor, preparation method and application method - Google Patents

A kind of semiconductor magnetic sensor, preparation method and application method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108151768A
CN108151768A CN201711455904.3A CN201711455904A CN108151768A CN 108151768 A CN108151768 A CN 108151768A CN 201711455904 A CN201711455904 A CN 201711455904A CN 108151768 A CN108151768 A CN 108151768A
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grid
semiconductor
magnetic sensor
field
magnetic field
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CN108151768B (en
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巫远招
刘宜伟
李润伟
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N50/00Galvanomagnetic devices

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of semiconductor magnetic sensors, have field-effect transistor structure, including semiconductor base, source electrode, drain electrode and grid;Wherein, grid is made of the second grid with magnetostrictive effect that the first grid with piezoelectric effect is connect with semiconductor base and is connect with first grid;During working condition, the electric signal of field-effect transistor changes when external magnetic field acts on second grid, and the detection in magnetic field is realized by testing the electric signal.The magnetic sensor arrangement is simple, and due to the signal amplification for combining field-effect transistor, can realize highly sensitive detection of magnetic field.

Description

A kind of semiconductor magnetic sensor, preparation method and application method
Technical field
The present invention relates to detection of magnetic field technologies, and in particular to a kind of semiconductor magnetic sensor, preparation method and user Method.
Background technology
Magnetic Sensor is an important component in sensor, magnetics amount signal or other physical quantitys by certain Rule is for conversion into electric signal or the information output of other required forms.By the development in a nearly century, magnetic field sensor exists The various aspects of human society life, which play, increasingly carrys out important role, and every year, the whole world has billions of magnetic to pass Sensor comes into operation.Along with becoming better and approaching perfection day by day for Magnetic Sensor, all trades and professions propose it increasingly higher demands, especially It is required that its detection accuracy is higher and higher, while requires it more and more wider using range, application field is further widened, to meet reality The demand of border application.Therefore, with high detection accuracy simultaneously with it is wide the use of range is the new developing direction of Magnetic Sensor One of, also increasingly receive the extensive concern of researcher.
At present, relatively conventional Magnetic Sensor mainly has following a few classes:Hall (Hall) sensor, fluxgate and electric current sense Answer Magnetic Sensor, magnetoelectricity resistance type sensor etc..From the point of view of current present Research, at room temperature, the detection accuracy of Magnetic Sensor with Range is typically to attend to one thing and lose sight of another.Therefore, it prepares and meets the magnetic field sensing that high detection accuracy can realize wide detection range again Device is still a major challenge, and it is one of direction made great efforts at present to seek novel Magnetic Sensor.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention provides a kind of semiconductor magnetic sensor, has field-effect transistor structure, packet Include the semiconductor base and source electrode being connected with semiconductor base, drain electrode and grid;Wherein, grid by with semiconductor base The first grid of connection and be connected with first grid second grid composition, and first grid be piezoelectric material, second Grid is magnetostriction materials.
During working condition, external magnetic field acts on second grid, and due to magnetostriction, just there is magnetoelectricities with piezoelectric material Coupling effect, magnetostriction materials generate stress or strain is transmitted to first grid, and the piezoelectric material of first grid is due to piezoelectricity Effect and generate charge, so as to change the concentration of carrier in fieldistor channel, cause the electricity of field-effect transistor Signal changes, and the detection in magnetic field is realized by testing the electric signal.
The second grid material is magnetostriction materials, i.e., with magnetostrictive effect, type is unlimited;As excellent Choosing, the second grid material has big magnetostriction coefficient, to improve detectivity;As further preferred, institute The second grid material stated, which uses, has high saturation field, the magnetostriction materials of big magnetostriction coefficient and forced magnetostriction system The big amorphous soft magnetic material of number is compound, to realize the detection of magnetic field of wide-range simultaneously.Described there is high saturation field, big mangneto to stretch The magnetostriction materials of contracting coefficient include but unlimited iron gallium (FeGa) or terbium dysprosium ferrum (TeDyFe) etc.;The pressure mangneto is stretched The big amorphous soft magnetic material of contracting coefficient includes but not limited to iron silicon boron (FeSiB) or ferro-cobalt silicon (CoFeSi) etc..
The first grid material is piezoelectric material, i.e., with piezoelectric effect, type is unlimited;When the first grid When the piezoelectric modulus of pole material is big, since the mechanical movement that magnetostrictive effect second grid material generates can make piezoelectric material More charges are generated, so as to obtain higher sensitivity, therefore preferably, the first grid material selection has greatly Piezoelectric modulus piezoelectric material, further preferably, using the big lead zirconate titanate of piezoelectric modulus (PZT) or polyvinylidene fluoride Material (PVDF) etc..
The source electrode is the source electrode in field-effect transistor, and conductive, material is unlimited, including metal material Deng;Preferably, the source electrode material is aluminium (Al), golden (Au) or titanium (Ti).The source electrode form is unlimited, preferably Film-form.
The drain electrode is the drain electrode in field-effect transistor, and conductive, material is unlimited, including metal material Deng;Preferably, the drain material is aluminium (Al), golden (Au) or titanium (Ti).The drain electrode form is unlimited, preferably Film-form.
The semiconductor base is the semiconductor base in field-effect transistor, and material is unlimited, is partly led including silicon Body substrate, such as n-type silicon or p-type silicon etc.;Preferably, the semiconductor base uses nitrogen gallium (GaN) and gallium aluminium The silicon substrate of nitrogen (AlxGa1-xN) epitaxial layer.
In order to improve detectivity, the semiconductor base is preferably micro-or nano size, as further preferred, length It is 10 microns~500 microns to spend, and width is 5 microns~100 microns, and thickness is 1 micron~50 microns.Further preferably, it is described Source electrode, drain electrode and grid be micro-or nano size;More preferably, the length and width of the source electrode, drain electrode and grid is 1 ~200 microns, thickness is nanoscale.
The electric signal of the field-effect transistor includes but not limited to the source and drain electrode current of field-effect transistor, raceway groove electricity Transport factor etc..
The present invention also provides a kind of methods for preparing above-mentioned semiconductor magnetic sensor, include the following steps:
(1) prepared by the source electrode of field-effect transistor
Source electrode is prepared by micro fabrication on a semiconductor substrate, preferably, preparing source using ultraviolet photolithographic method Then pole figure case prepares source electrode using magnetically controlled sputter method in the source electrode patterned surfaces;As further preferred, prepare source electrode it Short annealing heat treatment is carried out afterwards, and Ohmic contact is formed to further ensure that;
(2) prepared by the drain electrode of field-effect transistor
It is prepared and drained by micro fabrication on a semiconductor substrate, leaked preferably, being prepared using ultraviolet photolithographic method Then pole figure case is prepared on the drain pattern surface using magnetically controlled sputter method and drained;As further preferred, drain electrode is prepared Short annealing heat treatment is carried out afterwards, and Ohmic contact is formed to further ensure that;
(3) prepared by the grid of field-effect transistor
Grid is prepared by micro fabrication on a semiconductor substrate, preferably, preparing grid using ultraviolet photolithographic method Pole figure case, then using pulse laser method or chemical one grid material of spin coating method growth regulation;Then, using magnetron sputtering Two grid material of method growth regulation;
Commercialized commercial product may be used in the semiconductor base of field-effect transistor, can also be existed using deposition technique Extension diffusion layer is deposited on semiconductor to be made with diffusing, doping element.
The application method of the semiconductor magnetic sensor of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) fixed externally-applied magnetic field is applied to the second grid of semiconductor magnetic sensor, tests Magnetic Sensor midfield effect The electric signal of transistor under certain testing situations, such as output characteristic curve, transfer characteristic curve etc. are answered, changes externally-applied magnetic field Size, obtain a series of reference electrical signals under a certain fixed externally-applied magnetic field;
(2) it keeps identical with the test condition in step (1), tests the practical electricity of field-effect transistor in the Magnetic Sensor Signal the practical electric signal is compared with the reference electrical signal obtained in step (1), same reference electrical signal institute The magnetic field value that corresponding externally-applied magnetic field as actually measures.
In conclusion the present invention forms a kind of novel Magnetic Sensor using field-effect transistor structure, pass through transistor Gate design is the first grid that is made of piezoelectric material and the second grid being made of magnetostriction materials by structure design, External magnetic field acts on second grid during working condition, and due to magnetostrictive effect, it generates mechanical movement and acts on the first grid Pole so that the carrier concentration in fieldistor channel changes under the effect of piezoelectricity effectiveness, causes field-effect transistor Electric signal changes, and the detection in magnetic field is realized by testing the electric signal.In addition, the Magnetic Sensor combines field-effect transistor Signal amplification realizes highly sensitive detection of magnetic field, especially when using with high saturation field, big magnetostriction coefficient Material and the big amorphous soft magnetic material of forced magnetostriction coefficient it is compound as second grid material when, can be made and not only have Have high detection accuracy, and can realize the magnetic field sensor of wide detection range, detectable external magnetic field range from nanotesla this (nT) to tesla (T) magnitude is drawn, is had a good application prospect in magnetic sensor technologies field.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the semiconductor magnetic sensor in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment, the present invention is furture elucidated.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this hair It is bright rather than limit the scope of the invention.
Reference numeral in Fig. 1 is:Semiconductor base 1, source electrode 2, drain electrode 3, first grid 4, second grid 5.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, the structure of semiconductor magnetic sensor is as shown in Figure 1.The semiconductor magnetic sensor has field-effect crystalline substance Body pipe structure is made of semiconductor base 1, source electrode 2, drain electrode 3 and grid.Source electrode 2, drain electrode 3 are located at semiconductor-based with grid On bottom 1;Wherein, grid is by being located at 5 groups of the first grid 4 on semiconductor base 1 and the second grid on first grid 4 Into.
Also, silicon substrate of the semiconductor base 1 for nitrogen gallium (GaN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlxGa1-xN) epitaxial layer.Source electrode 2 be thickness be 2nm~100nm gold thin film, drain electrode 3 be titanium film that thickness is 2nm~100nm, first grid 4 is that thickness is Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film of 2nm~500nm, second grid 5 are that the magnetostriction materials FeGa that thickness is 2nm~500nm is thin Film.
The preparation method of the semiconductor magnetic sensor includes the following steps:
(1) prepared by the semiconductor base of field-effect transistor
Use pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system or magnetron sputtering on Si is sunk to the bottom epitaxial growth thickness for 2nm~ The GaN film and thickness of 50nm is the Al of 2nm~50nmxGa1-xN(0<x<0.5) film.
(2) prepared by the source electrode of field-effect transistor
Ultraviolet photolithographic method is used to prepare length as 5 μm~500 μm on a semiconductor substrate, width is 5 μm~500 μm Rectangle source electrode pattern, then use magnetically controlled sputter method on the rectangle source electrode pattern growth thickness for 2nm~100nm's Golden (Au) film.
(3) prepared by the drain electrode of field-effect transistor
Ultraviolet photolithographic method is used to prepare length as 5 μm~500 μm on a semiconductor substrate, width is 5 μm~500 μm Rectangle drain pattern, then use magnetically controlled sputter method in the rectangle drain pattern growth thickness for 2nm~100nm's Titanium (Ti) film.
(4) prepared by the gate medium of field-effect transistor
Ultraviolet photolithographic method is used to prepare length as 5 μm~10 μm on a semiconductor substrate, width is 5 μm~10 μm of length Rectangular first grid pattern, then use pulse laser method on the rectangle first grid pattern growth thickness for 2nm~ Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film of 500nm;Then, using magnetically controlled sputter method in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film surface growth thickness Magnetostriction materials FeGa films for 2nm~500nm.
The semiconductor magnetic sensor is tested as follows:
(1) when not applying externally-applied magnetic field, which is tested using semiconductor parameter instrument under certain testing situations and is passed The output characteristic curve of field-effect transistor in sensor;
(2) fixed externally-applied magnetic field is applied to the second grid of the semiconductor magnetic sensor, using identical with step (1) Semiconductor parameter instrument, and test field-effect in the semiconductor magnetic sensor under the test condition identical with step (1) The reference output characteristic curve of transistor;It was found that when applying externally-applied magnetic field, the output of the field-effect transistor of the Magnetic Sensor Characteristic curve changes;
Change the size of externally-applied magnetic field, obtain a series of reference output characteristic curves under a certain fixed externally-applied magnetic field.
In practical applications, the reality output characteristic curve of the field-effect transistor in the semiconductor magnetic sensor is tested, Specific test condition is identical with the test condition described in step (1), obtains practical output characteristic curve;By the defeated of the reality Go out characteristic curve and compare with the output characteristic curve obtained in step (2), corresponding to same output characteristic curve The magnetic field value that externally-applied magnetic field as actually measures.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, the structure and the structure of the semiconductor magnetic sensor in embodiment 1 of semiconductor magnetic sensor are basic It is identical, except that:Source electrode 2 be thickness be 2nm~100nm titanium film, drain electrode 3 be thickness be 2nm~100nm gold it is thin Film, first grid 4 are polyvinylidene fluoride material (PVDF) films that thickness is 2nm~500nm, and second grid 5 is that thickness is The magnetostriction materials FeSiB films of 2nm~500nm.
The preparation method of the semiconductor magnetic sensor and the preparation method in embodiment 1 are essentially identical, except that:Step Suddenly in (2), use magnetically controlled sputter method on the rectangle source electrode pattern growth thickness for the titanium film of 2nm~100nm;Step (3) in, use magnetically controlled sputter method in the rectangle drain pattern growth thickness for the gold thin film of 2nm~100nm;Step (4) in, use chemical spin coating method on rectangle first grid pattern growth thickness for the poly- inclined difluoro second of 2nm~500nm Alkene material (PVDF) film;Then, it is grown using magnetically controlled sputter method in polyvinylidene fluoride material (PVDF) film surface thick Spend the magnetostriction materials FeSiB films for 2nm~500nm.
The semiconductor magnetic sensor is tested as follows:
(1) when not applying externally-applied magnetic field, which is tested using semiconductor parameter instrument under certain testing situations and is passed The transfer characteristic curve of field-effect transistor in sensor;
(2) fixed externally-applied magnetic field is applied to the second grid of the semiconductor magnetic sensor, using identical with step (1) Semiconductor parameter instrument, and test field-effect in the semiconductor magnetic sensor under the test condition identical with step (1) Reference transfer characteristic curve of transistor etc.;It was found that when applying externally-applied magnetic field, the field-effect transistor of the Magnetic Sensor turns Characteristic curve is moved to change;
Change the size of externally-applied magnetic field, obtain a series of reference transfer characteristic curves under a certain fixed externally-applied magnetic field.
In practical applications, the actual transfer characteristic curve of the field-effect transistor in the semiconductor magnetic sensor is tested, Specific test condition is identical with the test condition described in step (1), obtains practical transfer characteristic curve;By turning for the reality It moves characteristic curve to compare with the transfer characteristic curve obtained in step (2), corresponding to same transfer characteristic curve The magnetic field value that externally-applied magnetic field as actually measures.
Technical scheme of the present invention and advantageous effect is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to restrict the invention, all to be done in the spirit of the present invention Any modification and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of semiconductor magnetic sensor, it is characterized in that:With field-effect transistor structure, including semiconductor base, Yi Jiyu Source electrode, drain electrode and the grid that semiconductor base is connected;Wherein, grid by the first grid that is connect with semiconductor base and with The second grid composition of first grid connection, and first grid is piezoelectric material, and second grid is magnetostriction materials;
During working condition, the electric signal of field-effect transistor changes when external magnetic field acts on second grid, passes through test The electric signal realizes the detection in magnetic field.
2. semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The first grid material be lead zirconate titanate or Person's polyvinylidene fluoride.
3. semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The second grid material is iron gallium (FeGa) Either terbium dysprosium ferrum (TeDyFe) and iron silicon boron (FeSiB) or the composite material of ferro-cobalt silicon (CoFeSi).
4. semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The source electrode be one kind in aluminium, gold, titanium or Person is several.
5. semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The drain electrode be one kind in aluminium, gold, titanium or Person is several.
6. semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The semiconductor base is nitrogen gallium and aluminium The silicon substrate of gallium nitrogen epitaxial layer.
7. semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:The semiconductor base is micro-or nano size;
Preferably, the length of the semiconductor base is 10 microns~500 microns, width is 5 microns~100 microns, thickness It is 1 micron~50 microns.
8. semiconductor magnetic sensor as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that:Source electrode, drain electrode and the grid is micro-nano Size;
Preferably, the length and width of the source electrode, drain electrode and grid is 1 micron~200 microns, thickness is nanoscale.
9. the preparation method of the semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in any claim in claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that:Packet Include following steps:
Source electrode pattern is prepared using ultraviolet photolithographic method on a semiconductor substrate, then using magnetically controlled sputter method in the source electrode figure Case surface prepares source electrode;
Drain pattern is prepared using ultraviolet photolithographic method on a semiconductor substrate, then using magnetically controlled sputter method in the drain electrode figure Case surface prepares drain electrode;
Gate pattern is prepared using ultraviolet photolithographic method on a semiconductor substrate, is then revolved using pulse laser method or chemistry One grid material of coating method growth regulation;Then, using two grid material of magnetically controlled sputter method growth regulation.
10. the application method of the semiconductor magnetic sensor as described in any claim in claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that:Packet Include following steps:
(1) fixed externally-applied magnetic field is applied to the second grid of semiconductor magnetic sensor, it is brilliant tests field-effect in the Magnetic Sensor The electric signal of body pipe under certain testing situations changes the size of externally-applied magnetic field, obtains a series of in a certain fixed externally-applied magnetic field Under reference electrical signal;
(2) it keeps identical with the test condition in step (1), tests the practical telecommunications of field-effect transistor in the Magnetic Sensor Number, which is compared with the reference electrical signal obtained in step (1), same reference electrical signal institute is right The magnetic field value that the externally-applied magnetic field answered as actually measures.
CN201711455904.3A 2017-12-28 Semiconductor magnetic sensor, preparation method and use method thereof Active CN108151768B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN108151768B CN108151768B (en) 2024-07-05

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110783450A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-02-11 深圳第三代半导体研究院 Magnetic field sensor based on gallium nitride/aluminum gallium nitrogen heterojunction
CN111175675A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-19 电子科技大学 Magnetic field sensor based on organic field effect transistor and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1056219A (en) * 1996-05-06 1998-02-24 Mark B Johnson Hall effect element and its operating method
JP2007165786A (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-28 Toshiba Corp Field-effect transistor, integrated circuit, and memory
CN102288926A (en) * 2010-11-30 2011-12-21 北京德锐磁星科技有限公司 microcomputer electromagnetic sensor
KR101552461B1 (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-10 성균관대학교산학협력단 Field effect transistor type sensor for measuring pressure and magnetic field
CN105336857A (en) * 2014-08-06 2016-02-17 中国科学院化学研究所 Suspended gate field effect transistor-based multifunctional sensor and preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1056219A (en) * 1996-05-06 1998-02-24 Mark B Johnson Hall effect element and its operating method
JP2007165786A (en) * 2005-12-16 2007-06-28 Toshiba Corp Field-effect transistor, integrated circuit, and memory
CN102288926A (en) * 2010-11-30 2011-12-21 北京德锐磁星科技有限公司 microcomputer electromagnetic sensor
CN105336857A (en) * 2014-08-06 2016-02-17 中国科学院化学研究所 Suspended gate field effect transistor-based multifunctional sensor and preparation method and application thereof
KR101552461B1 (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-10 성균관대학교산학협력단 Field effect transistor type sensor for measuring pressure and magnetic field

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110783450A (en) * 2019-10-22 2020-02-11 深圳第三代半导体研究院 Magnetic field sensor based on gallium nitride/aluminum gallium nitrogen heterojunction
CN111175675A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-19 电子科技大学 Magnetic field sensor based on organic field effect transistor and preparation method thereof

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