CN108151246A - Air quantity variable air conditioner wind system Optimization of Energy Saving control method and device - Google Patents
Air quantity variable air conditioner wind system Optimization of Energy Saving control method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种变风量空调风系统优化节能控制方法及装置，建立变风量空调风系统的水力计算模型，通过数据采集模块获取相关数据；根据变风量空调系统各部件的数学模型，计算出各个回路的压降，找出风系统中的最不利回路，计算此时各回路中最不利回路的压降，并以此作为风机的压头；将各空调房间所需的风量以及漏风量之和作为变风量空调系统的设定总风量，将变风量空调风系统最不利回路压降与系统的设定总风量，带入到风机特性曲线的数学模型中，计算出此时风机所需的频率，通过变频器调节风机频率，实现变风量空调风系统中风机的优化控制。本发明能提高变风量空调系统中各末端房间风量的控制效果，且具有一定的节能效益。
The invention discloses a method and device for optimizing energy-saving control of a variable air volume air conditioning system. A hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air conditioning system is established, and relevant data is obtained through a data acquisition module; The pressure drop of the circuit, find out the most unfavorable circuit in the wind system, calculate the pressure drop of the most unfavorable circuit in each circuit at this time, and use it as the pressure head of the fan; the sum of the air volume and air leakage required by each air-conditioned room As the set total air volume of the variable air volume air conditioning system, the most unfavorable loop pressure drop of the variable air volume air conditioning system and the set total air volume of the system are brought into the mathematical model of the fan characteristic curve to calculate the required frequency of the fan at this time , adjust the frequency of the fan through the frequency converter, and realize the optimal control of the fan in the variable air volume air conditioning system. The invention can improve the air volume control effect of each terminal room in the variable air volume air conditioning system, and has certain energy-saving benefits.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种变风量空调风系统优化节能控制方法及装置。特别是一种变风量空调风系统优化节能控制方法及装置。The invention relates to an optimized energy-saving control method and device for a variable air volume air conditioning system. In particular, an optimized energy-saving control method and device for a variable air volume air-conditioning system.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会的发展人民生活水平的提高，建筑内环境得到了人们越来越多的重视，受直接数字式控制技术和楼宇自动化系统技术在暖通空调领域的应用与发展，具有更高舒适性和易调节性的变风量空调系统的应用逐渐广泛起来。在变风量空调系统控制回路中，风机的控制策略直接影响到各末端房间风量的控制效果，从而影响到房间的热舒适度和风系统的输配能耗，因此，风机的控制是变风量空调系统控制的关键环节。With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to the interior environment of buildings. Due to the application and development of direct digital control technology and building automation system technology in the field of HVAC, it has higher comfort. The application of the variable air volume air conditioning system with easy adjustment is gradually widespread. In the variable air volume air conditioning system control loop, the control strategy of the fan directly affects the control effect of the air volume of each terminal room, thereby affecting the thermal comfort of the room and the transmission and distribution energy consumption of the air system. key link of control.
在变风量空调系统的风量控制研究领域中，大部分都是对风系统中风机的优化控制方法进行研究，研究主要都是基于如遗传算法、粒子群算法、自适应算法等机器学习法。简而言之，就是用大量的实际数据进行多次迭代学习的回归分析，进而得出迭代分析计算之后的结果。整个过程就像是一个黑箱过程，变风量系统各部件的物理意义得不到展现，也不能从系统的结构角度去分析空调系统的控制和节能。在变风量空调系统的实际运行过程中，系统风量随各房间末端负荷的变化实时改变，体现出强动态特性，并且变风量空调系统各控制回路之间存在耦合，使得系统运行时稳定性较差。In the field of air volume control research of variable air volume air conditioning systems, most of the studies are on the optimal control methods of fans in the air system, and the research is mainly based on machine learning methods such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, and adaptive algorithm. In short, it is to use a large amount of actual data to conduct regression analysis of multiple iterative learning, and then obtain the results after iterative analysis and calculation. The whole process is like a black box process, the physical meaning of each component of the variable air volume system cannot be displayed, and the control and energy saving of the air conditioning system cannot be analyzed from the perspective of the system structure. In the actual operation process of the variable air volume air conditioning system, the air volume of the system changes in real time with the change of the end load of each room, reflecting strong dynamic characteristics, and there is coupling between the control loops of the variable air volume air conditioning system, which makes the stability of the system poor during operation .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种基于水力特性动态变化模型的变风量空调风系统优化节能控制方法及装置，能提高变风量空调系统中各末端房间风量的控制效果，且具有一定的节能效益。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a variable air volume air-conditioning system optimization energy-saving control method and device based on the dynamic change model of hydraulic characteristics, which can improve the control effect of the air volume of each terminal room in the variable air volume air-conditioning system, and It has certain energy-saving benefits.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案具体如下：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is specifically as follows:
一种变风量空调风系统优化节能控制方法，包括以下步骤：An optimized energy-saving control method for a variable air volume air-conditioning system, comprising the following steps:
1)根据厂家和初期调试数据确定变风量空调风系统中的风机模型和变风量末端VAV-box中的电动风阀的水力模型，利用沿程损失计算表中不同形状规格风管的数据拟合以及风管局部阻力系数表的数据得到变风量空调风系统的水力计算模型，并将各模型参数固化在上位机组态软件中；1) Determine the fan model in the variable air volume air conditioning system and the hydraulic model of the electric air valve in the VAV-box at the end of the variable air volume according to the manufacturer and the initial commissioning data, and use the data fitting of the air ducts of different shapes and specifications in the loss calculation table along the way And the data of the local resistance coefficient table of the air duct is used to obtain the hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air conditioning system, and the parameters of each model are solidified in the configuration software of the upper computer;
2)通过数据采集模块获取风机运行数据，风管风量，空调房间设定温度和实际温度，变风量末端VAV-box的设定风量Qi，变风量末端VAV-box的设定阀位θi；2) Obtain fan operation data, air duct air volume, set temperature and actual temperature of the air-conditioned room, the set air volume Qi of the VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal, and the set valve position θ i of the VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal through the data acquisition module;
3)读取各变风量末端VAV-box的设定风量Qi，以及电动风阀设定阀位θi；根据变风量空调系统各部件的数学模型，计算出在此种工况下变风量空调风系统各个回路的压降，找出风系统中的最不利回路，将在最不利回路上的变风量末端VAV-box中的电动风阀开度设为全开状态，计算此时各回路中最不利回路的压降，并以此作为风机的压头；3) Read the set air volume Qi of the VAV-box at each variable air volume terminal, and the set valve position θ i of the electric air valve; according to the mathematical model of each component of the variable air volume air conditioning system, calculate the variable air volume air conditioner under this working condition The pressure drop of each circuit of the wind system, find out the most unfavorable circuit in the wind system, set the opening degree of the electric air valve in the VAV-box at the end of the variable air volume on the most unfavorable circuit to fully open state, and calculate the pressure drop in each circuit at this time The pressure drop of the most unfavorable circuit, and use it as the pressure head of the fan;
4)将各空调房间所需的风量以及漏风量之和作为变风量空调系统的设定总风量，将变风量空调风系统最不利回路压降与系统的设定总风量，带入到风机特性曲线的数学模型中，计算出此时风机所需的频率，通过变频器调节风机频率，实现变风量空调风系统中风机的优化控制。4) The sum of the air volume and air leakage required by each air-conditioned room is used as the set total air volume of the variable air volume air conditioning system, and the most unfavorable loop pressure drop of the variable air volume air conditioning system and the system's set total air volume are brought into the fan characteristics In the mathematical model of the curve, the frequency required by the fan is calculated at this time, and the frequency of the fan is adjusted through the frequency converter to realize the optimal control of the fan in the variable air volume air conditioning system.
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤2)具体为：As a further improvement of the present invention, step 2) is specifically:
通过风机数据采集器获得风机运行的频率和电耗，通过变风量末端VAV-box配套安装在空调房间的室内挂墙模块获得空调房间的设定温度和实际温度，通过变风量末端VAV-box上的十字风量传感器获得通过各个变风量末端VAV-box的风量，通过变风量末端VAV-box上的可编程控制器计算得出的空调房间设定风量以及变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位，通过安装在风管各处的风速传感器获取数据获得风系统各处的风速，进而通过不同规格风管尺寸的计算，获得通过不同风管处的风量。Obtain the running frequency and power consumption of the fan through the fan data collector, and obtain the set temperature and actual temperature of the air-conditioned room through the indoor wall-mounted module installed in the air-conditioned room through the VAV-box of the variable air volume terminal. The cross air volume sensor obtains the air volume passing through each variable air volume terminal VAV-box, and the set air volume of the air-conditioned room calculated by the programmable controller on the variable air volume terminal VAV-box and the setting of the variable air volume terminal VAV-box electric damper The valve position is fixed, and the wind speed of each part of the wind system is obtained by obtaining data from the wind speed sensors installed at various places in the air duct, and then the air volume passing through different air ducts is obtained through the calculation of the size of the air ducts of different specifications.
作为本发明的进一步改进，变风量空调风系统水力计算模型包括沿程阻力损失计算模型和局部阻力损失计算模型；As a further improvement of the present invention, the hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air-conditioning system includes a calculation model of along-path resistance loss and a calculation model of local resistance loss;
沿程阻力损失计算模型是利用风管沿程损失计算表中的数据对阻抗和风速进行拟合得到不同规格风管的风速与阻抗的对应关系，风速与阻抗的关系式：The calculation model of the resistance loss along the way is to use the data in the calculation table of the loss along the air duct to fit the impedance and wind speed to obtain the corresponding relationship between the wind speed and the impedance of the air duct with different specifications, and the relationship between the wind speed and the impedance:
S＝aV2+bV+cS=aV 2 +bV+c
式中：S——管段阻抗，Pa/m；In the formula: S——Pipe section impedance, Pa/m;
V——风管内风速，m/s；V——wind speed in the air duct, m/s;
a,b,c——系数，由风管的形状和规格决定；a, b, c—coefficients, determined by the shape and specification of the air duct;
局部阻力损失的计算公式为式:The calculation formula of local resistance loss is:
式中：ζ——局部阻力系数；In the formula: ζ——local resistance coefficient;
V——局部阻力构件中的空气流速，m/s；V——air velocity in the local resistance member, m/s;
ρ——空气密度，Kg/m3。ρ——air density, Kg/m 3 .
作为本发明的进一步改进，变风量空调风系统水力计算模型具体计算步骤如下：As a further improvement of the present invention, the specific calculation steps of the hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air conditioning system are as follows:
利用变风量末端VAV-box的设定风量，计算当达到设定风量状态下，各编号管段内风速为：Using the set air volume of the VAV-box at the end of the variable air volume, calculate the wind speed in each numbered pipe section when the set air volume is reached:
式中：vi——不同编号的管段内空气流速，m/h；In the formula: v i ——air velocity in pipe sections with different numbers, m/h;
Qbox-i——各房间变风量末端VAV-box所需风量，m3/h；Q box-i ——air volume required by VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal of each room, m 3 /h;
Ai——不同编号管段的横截面积，m2；A i ——the cross-sectional area of pipe sections with different numbers, m 2 ;
再根据各管段内流速，利用计算表中各种材质、各种形状、各种规格的风管的数据，进行其阻抗、风速的关系的拟合，得到风管沿程阻力的阻抗数学计算公式：Then, according to the flow velocity in each pipe section, use the data of air pipes of various materials, shapes, and specifications in the calculation table to fit the relationship between their impedance and wind speed, and obtain the mathematical calculation formula of the resistance along the air pipe :
Sj＝avj 2+bvj+c (j∈1～5)S j ＝av j 2 +bv j +c (j∈1～5)
式中：Sj——不同规格管段的阻抗，kg/m7；In the formula: S j ——impedance of pipe sections with different specifications, kg/m 7 ;
vj——不同编号的管段内空气流速，m/h；v j ——air velocity in pipe sections with different numbers, m/h;
空调风系统分为定风阀阻抗和风管阻抗部分：The air-conditioning air system is divided into fixed air valve impedance and air duct impedance:
Si＝Sd+Svalve S i =S d +S valve
式中：Si——不同编号管段的阻抗，kg/m7；In the formula: S i ——impedance of pipe sections with different numbers, kg/m 7 ;
Svalve——不同规格风阀阻抗，kg/m7；S valve ——impedance of air valves with different specifications, kg/m 7 ;
Sd——同一编号管段下的风管阻抗，kg/m7；S d ——air duct impedance under the same numbered pipe section, kg/m 7 ;
同一编号管段的风管阻抗Sd，由相应管段的沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数组成，根据上述方法求出各个编号管段阻抗，结合上位机读出的相应VAV-box的设定风量，得到在对应风量下各编号管段风管的压降：The air duct impedance S d of the same numbered pipe section is composed of the along-path resistance coefficient and local resistance coefficient of the corresponding pipe section. According to the above method, the impedance of each numbered pipe section is obtained, and combined with the set air volume of the corresponding VAV-box read by the host computer, we get The pressure drop of the air duct of each numbered pipe section under the corresponding air volume:
式中：ΔPi——对应风速和阀门开度情况下，编号管段压降值；In the formula: ΔP i - corresponding to the wind speed and valve opening, the pressure drop value of the numbered pipe section;
结合变风量实验平台实际风管系统的结构形式，计算各回路的压降值，实验平台上各个房间的回路压降值，比较各环路的压降，找出变风量空调系统最不利回路；将在最不利回路上的变风量末端VAV-box中的电动风阀开度设为全开状态，计算此时各回路中最不利回路的压降，并以此作为风机的压头，得到以变风量实验平台为模板构建的变风量空调系统中风管系统的数学模型。Combined with the structural form of the actual air duct system of the variable air volume experimental platform, calculate the pressure drop value of each circuit, the circuit pressure drop value of each room on the experimental platform, compare the pressure drop of each loop, and find out the most unfavorable circuit of the variable air volume air conditioning system; Set the opening of the electric air valve in the VAV-box at the most unfavorable circuit to the fully open state, calculate the pressure drop of the most unfavorable circuit in each circuit at this time, and use it as the pressure head of the fan, and get the following The mathematical model of the air duct system in the variable air volume air conditioning system constructed by using the variable air volume experimental platform as a template.
作为本发明的进一步改进，当空调房间的实际温度或设定温度改变时，该空调房间内的变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位和空调房间设定风量会随之相应改变，重复步骤2)-4)。As a further improvement of the present invention, when the actual temperature or set temperature of the air-conditioned room changes, the set valve position of the VAV-box electric air valve at the variable air volume terminal in the air-conditioned room and the set air volume of the air-conditioned room will change accordingly , repeat steps 2)-4).
一种基于水力特性动态变化模型的变风量空调风系统优化节能控制装置，包括上位机、下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块、风机数据采集器、风速传感器、风机变频器、变风量末端VAV-box及室内挂墙模块；其中，An optimized energy-saving control device for a variable air volume air-conditioning system based on a dynamic change model of hydraulic characteristics, including an upper computer, a lower computer programmable controller and an expansion module, a fan data collector, a wind speed sensor, a fan inverter, and a variable air volume terminal VAV- box and indoor wall-mounted modules; among them,
风机数据采集器，用于获得风机运行的频率和电耗；The fan data collector is used to obtain the frequency and power consumption of the fan;
变风量末端VAV-box配套安装在空调房间的室内挂墙模块获得空调房间的设定温度和实际温度，变风量末端VAV-box上的十字风量传感器获得通过各个变风量末端VAV-box的风量，变风量末端VAV-box上的可编程控制器计算得出的空调房间设定风量以及变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位；The VAV-box of the variable air volume terminal is installed in the indoor wall-mounted module of the air-conditioned room to obtain the set temperature and actual temperature of the air-conditioned room. The cross air volume sensor on the VAV-box of the variable air volume terminal obtains the air volume passing through each VAV-box of the variable air volume terminal. The set air volume of the air-conditioned room calculated by the programmable controller on the VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal and the set valve position of the VAV-box electric air valve at the variable air volume terminal;
风速传感器安装在风管各处，用于获取数据获得风系统各处的风速；The wind speed sensor is installed everywhere in the air duct to obtain data to obtain the wind speed in each place of the wind system;
下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块控制风机数据采集器、风速传感器、变风量末端VAV-box及室内挂墙模块将采集相关数据；下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块通过通信模块与以太网交换机通讯，进而与上位机连接，上位机通过控制风机变频器调节风机频率，实现变风量空调风系统中风机的优化控制。The programmable controller of the lower computer and the expansion module control the fan data collector, the wind speed sensor, the variable air volume terminal VAV-box and the indoor wall-mounted module to collect relevant data; the programmable controller of the lower computer and the expansion module communicate with the Ethernet switch through the communication module Communication, and then connected with the upper computer, the upper computer adjusts the frequency of the fan by controlling the fan frequency converter, and realizes the optimal control of the fan in the variable air volume air conditioning system.
室内挂墙模块包含温湿度传感器。The indoor wall-mounted module contains temperature and humidity sensors.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明根据变风量空调风系统中各部件的模型，在满足空调房间所需风量的前提下以变风量空调风系统的压降最小为控制优化目标，提出一种基于水力特性动态变化模型的变风量风系统节能优化控制方法。该方法考虑到了系统阻抗随系统风速变化而变化的情况，判断在变风量系统实时运行工况下风系统的最不利回路，并且根据最不利回路上风阀的开度情况，利用流体管网的自平衡性，在线实时计算满足房间末端风量时系统最不利回路的最小压降值，据此控制风机，获得风机的节能运行工况。基于水力特性动态变化模型的变风量风系统节能优化控制方法属于前馈控制，控制依据是控制系统预先计算得出的设定值，因此控制稳定，不会出现震荡。According to the model of each component in the variable air volume air-conditioning system, the present invention proposes a variable air-volume air-conditioning system based on a dynamic change model of hydraulic characteristics, with the minimum pressure drop of the variable air-volume air-conditioning system as the control optimization goal under the premise of meeting the air volume required by the air-conditioning room. Air volume wind system energy-saving optimization control method. This method takes into account the change of system impedance with the change of system wind speed, judges the most unfavorable loop of the wind system under the real-time operation condition of the variable air volume system, and uses the self-balancing of the fluid pipe network according to the opening of the air valve on the most unfavorable loop The minimum pressure drop value of the most unfavorable circuit of the system when the air volume at the end of the room is satisfied is calculated online in real time, and the fan is controlled accordingly to obtain the energy-saving operating condition of the fan. The energy-saving optimization control method of variable air volume air system based on the dynamic change model of hydraulic characteristics belongs to feed-forward control, and the control basis is the set value calculated in advance by the control system, so the control is stable and there will be no oscillation.
本发明的控制装置在现有的变风量空调风系统的基础上，通过下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块控制风机数据采集器、风速传感器、变风量末端VAV-box及室内挂墙模块将采集相关数据；下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块通过通信模块与以太网交换机通讯，进而与上位机连接，上位机通过控制风机变频器调节风机频率，实现变风量空调风系统中风机的优化控制，实现了自动化控制的过程。能提高变风量空调系统中各末端房间风量的控制效果，且具有一定的节能效益。Based on the existing variable air volume air-conditioning system, the control device of the present invention controls the fan data collector, wind speed sensor, variable air volume terminal VAV-box and indoor wall-mounted module to collect Relevant data; the programmable controller of the lower computer and the expansion module communicate with the Ethernet switch through the communication module, and then connect with the upper computer. The upper computer adjusts the frequency of the fan by controlling the frequency converter of the fan to realize the optimal control of the fan in the variable air volume air conditioning system. Realized the process of automatic control. It can improve the control effect of the air volume of each terminal room in the variable air volume air conditioning system, and has certain energy-saving benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;
图2是本发明方法实施流程图；Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the implementation of the inventive method;
图3是本发明方法计算实例用图。Fig. 3 is a diagram for calculating an example of the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
如图1所示，本发明装置包括上位机1，以太网交换机2，通信模块3，下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块4，风速传感器5，风机变频器6，变风量末端VAV-box 7，室内挂墙模块8。其中，上位机1为工业控制计算机，以太网交换机2为8口工业以太网交换机，通信模块3为CP243以太网模块，下位机可编程控制器以及扩展模块4为西门子PLC S7-200CPU以及EM235扩展模块，风速传感器5为热线风速传感器，变风量末端VAV-box 7为皇家单风道单冷型压力无关型变风量箱，包含十字风量传感器、电动风阀、控制器4和执行器，室内挂墙模块8为变风量末端VAV-box 7的配套装置，包含温湿度传感器。As shown in Figure 1, the device of the present invention includes an upper computer 1, an Ethernet switch 2, a communication module 3, a lower computer programmable controller and an expansion module 4, a wind speed sensor 5, a fan frequency converter 6, and a variable air volume terminal VAV-box 7 , Indoor wall-mounted module 8. Among them, the upper computer 1 is an industrial control computer, the Ethernet switch 2 is an 8-port industrial Ethernet switch, the communication module 3 is a CP243 Ethernet module, the lower computer programmable controller and the expansion module 4 are Siemens PLC S7-200CPU and EM235 expansion Module, the wind speed sensor 5 is a hot wire wind speed sensor, the variable air volume terminal VAV-box 7 is a royal single-channel single-cooling type pressure-independent variable air volume box, including a cross air volume sensor, an electric damper, a controller 4 and an actuator. The wall module 8 is a supporting device of the VAV-box 7 at the variable air volume terminal, and includes a temperature and humidity sensor.
如图2所示，本发明提供一种基于水力特性动态变化模型的变风量空调风系统优化节能控制方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 2, the present invention provides a method for optimizing energy-saving control of a variable air volume air-conditioning system based on a dynamic change model of hydraulic characteristics, including the following steps:
第一步，根据厂家或初期调试数据确定变风量空调风系统中的风机模型和变风量末端VAV-box中的电动风阀的水力模型，根据设计手册中沿程损失计算表中不同形状规格风管的数据以及风管局部阻力系数表的数据得到变风量空调风系统的水力计算模型，并将各模型参数固化在上位机组态软件中。The first step is to determine the fan model in the variable air volume air conditioning system and the hydraulic model of the electric air valve in the VAV-box at the end of the variable air volume according to the manufacturer or the initial commissioning data. The hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air conditioning system is obtained from the data of the pipe and the data of the local resistance coefficient table of the air duct, and the parameters of each model are solidified in the configuration software of the upper computer.
第二步，通过数据采集模块获取风机运行数据，风管风量，空调房间设定温度和实际温度，变风量末端VAV-box的风量，变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位和实际阀位。这些参数按照时间序列保存，数据采样间隔可设为60秒。The second step is to obtain the fan operation data, the air volume of the air duct, the set temperature and actual temperature of the air-conditioned room, the air volume of the VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal, and the set valve position and actual valve position. These parameters are saved in time series, and the data sampling interval can be set to 60 seconds.
组态软件通过风机数据采集器获得风机运行的频率和电耗，通过变风量末端VAV-box配套安装在空调房间的室内挂墙模块获取数据获得空调房间的设定温度和实际温度，通过变风量末端VAV-box上的十字风量传感器获取数据获得通过各个变风量末端VAV-box的风量，通过变风量末端VAV-box上的可编程控制器计算得出的空调房间设定风量以及变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位，通过安装在风管各处的风速传感器获取数据获得风系统各处的风速，进而通过不同规格风管尺寸的计算，获得通过不同风管处的风量。The configuration software obtains the frequency and power consumption of the fan through the fan data collector, and obtains the data from the indoor wall-mounted module installed in the air-conditioned room through the VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal to obtain the set temperature and actual temperature of the air-conditioned room. The cross air volume sensor on the terminal VAV-box acquires data to obtain the air volume passing through each variable air volume terminal VAV-box, the set air volume of the air-conditioned room calculated by the programmable controller on the variable air volume terminal VAV-box and the variable air volume terminal VAV The set valve position of the -box electric air valve obtains data from the wind speed sensors installed around the air duct to obtain the wind speed at various parts of the air system, and then obtains the air volume passing through different air ducts through the calculation of the size of different air ducts.
第三步，根据各空调房间的设定风量以及变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位，计算该空调房间末端所在的风系统回路的压降，比较各回路的压降值，确定此时变风量空调风系统的最不利回路。The third step is to calculate the pressure drop of the air system circuit where the end of the air-conditioned room is located according to the set air volume of each air-conditioned room and the set valve position of the VAV-box electric air valve at the variable air volume terminal, and compare the pressure drop values of each circuit. Determine the most unfavorable loop of the variable air volume air conditioning system at this time.
第四步，将在最不利回路上的变风量末端VAV-box中的电动风阀开度赋值为95％(全开状态)，计算此时最不利回路的压降，并以此作为风机的压头。The fourth step is to assign the opening of the electric air valve in the variable air volume end VAV-box on the most unfavorable circuit to 95% (full open state), calculate the pressure drop of the most unfavorable circuit at this time, and use it as the fan pressure head.
需要指出的是，在整个控制策略中，人为将阀门开度赋值。这是只在计算流程中进行赋值，并非实际对变风量末端电动风阀进行调节，末端有自己的控制回路，若强行调节，会使系统紊乱。It should be pointed out that in the whole control strategy, the valve opening is assigned a value artificially. This is only to assign values in the calculation process, not to actually adjust the electric air valve at the end of the variable air volume. The end has its own control loop. If it is adjusted forcibly, the system will be disordered.
第五步，把各空调房间的设定风量之和以及各风管接口处漏风量作为变风量空调风系统的风机设定风量。The fifth step is to use the sum of the set air volumes of each air-conditioned room and the air leakage volume at the interface of each air duct as the set air volume of the fan of the variable air volume air-conditioning system.
第六步，将此时变风量空调风系统最不利回路压降与变风量空调风系统的风机设定风量，带入到风机特性曲线数学模型中，计算出此时风机所需的频率，通过风机的变频控制器调节风机频率，实现变风量空调系统风机的优化控制。The sixth step is to bring the pressure drop of the most unfavorable circuit of the variable air volume air conditioning system and the set air volume of the fans of the variable air volume air conditioning system into the mathematical model of the fan characteristic curve, and calculate the required frequency of the fan at this time, through The frequency conversion controller of the fan adjusts the frequency of the fan to realize the optimal control of the fan of the variable air volume air conditioning system.
第七步，当空调房间的实际温度或设定温度改变时，该空调房间内的变风量末端VAV-box电动风阀的设定阀位和空调房间设定风量会随之做出相应改变。因此，重复第二步至第六步。Step 7: When the actual temperature or set temperature of the air-conditioned room changes, the set valve position of the VAV-box electric air valve at the variable air volume terminal in the air-conditioned room and the set air volume of the air-conditioned room will change accordingly. Therefore, repeat steps two to six.
本实例中，变风量空调风系统的水力计算模型描述如下：In this example, the hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air conditioning system is described as follows:
由于空调房间的风量变化，变风量空调风系统中不仅末端电动风阀开度的变化导致风阀阻力实时变化，风管阻抗也随着管内风速变化而发生实时变化。为求得某一时刻变风量空调风系统的瞬时阻抗，避免直接计算风管阻抗的复杂过程超出可编程控制器4的计算范围。本发明方法中的变风量空调风系统水力计算模型包括沿程阻力损失计算模型和局部阻力损失计算模型。Due to the change of air volume in the air-conditioned room, in the variable air volume air-conditioning system, not only the change of the opening of the electric air valve at the end causes the real-time change of the air valve resistance, but also the real-time change of the air pipe resistance with the change of the wind speed in the pipe. In order to obtain the instantaneous impedance of the variable air volume air-conditioning system at a certain moment, avoiding the complicated process of directly calculating the air duct impedance is beyond the calculation range of the programmable controller 4 . The hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air-conditioning system in the method of the present invention includes a calculation model of along-path resistance loss and a calculation model of local resistance loss.
沿程阻力损失计算模型是利用《实用供热空调设计手册》中风管沿程损失计算表中的数据对阻抗和风速进行拟合得到不同规格风管的风速与阻抗的对应关系。具体方法是分别对不同规格的风管，用计算风管压降的公式(1)推导出式(2)：The calculation model of resistance loss along the way is to use the data in the calculation table of loss along the air duct in the "Practical Heating and Air Conditioning Design Manual" to fit the impedance and wind speed to obtain the corresponding relationship between wind speed and impedance of different specifications of air ducts. The specific method is to use the formula (1) for calculating the pressure drop of the air duct to derive the formula (2) for the air ducts of different specifications:
ΔP＝SQ2 (1)ΔP=SQ 2 (1)
再根据同一规格风管下，不同风速所对应的风管阻抗分别进行数值拟合，得到用在某一特定规格下，风速与阻抗的关系式(3)。Then numerical fitting is carried out according to the impedance of the air duct corresponding to different wind speeds under the same specification of the air duct, and the relational expression (3) between the wind speed and the impedance under a certain specification is obtained.
S＝aV2+bV+c (3)S＝aV 2 +bV+c (3)
式中：S——管段阻抗，Pa/m；In the formula: S——Pipe section impedance, Pa/m;
V——风管内风速，m/s；V——wind speed in the air duct, m/s;
a,b,c——系数，由风管的形状和规格决定。a, b, c—coefficients, determined by the shape and specification of the air duct.
本发明方法将影响风管沿程阻力两个因素——风管尺寸结构和管道风速分开考虑，比直接根据公式计算风管沿程阻力简洁，解决了查表计算法中提供的风速不全面，插入法求值不够精确的问题。拟合数据使用的是设计手册中的管段压力损失计算表，具有较高的可靠性。相比于《实用供热空调设计手册》中提供的沿程阻力的简化算法，此方法能更为精确的反映变风量风系统阻抗的实时变化。The method of the invention considers separately the two factors that affect the resistance along the air duct—the size and structure of the air duct and the wind speed of the duct, which is simpler than calculating the resistance along the air duct directly according to the formula, and solves the incomplete wind speed provided by the look-up calculation method. Interpolation evaluation is not accurate enough. The fitting data uses the pipe section pressure loss calculation table in the design manual, which has high reliability. Compared with the simplified algorithm of resistance along the path provided in the "Practical Heating and Air Conditioning Design Manual", this method can more accurately reflect the real-time changes in the impedance of the VAV system.
局部阻力损失的计算公式为式(4):The calculation formula of local resistance loss is formula (4):
式中：ζ——局部阻力系数；In the formula: ζ——local resistance coefficient;
V——局部阻力构件中的空气流速，m/s；V——air velocity in the local resistance member, m/s;
ρ——空气密度，Kg/m3。ρ——air density, Kg/m 3 .
局部阻力系数值也通过查表获得。The local drag coefficient value is also obtained by look-up table.
如图3所示，利用实例演示变风量空调风系统水力计算模型。假设变风量空调风系统的风管布置和规格尺寸如图3所示，风管材质为镀锌钢板。将实验平台送风管划分为以下几个部分，分别进行计算。利用变风量末端VAV-box的设定风量，计算当达到设定风量状态下，各编号管段内风速为式(5)所示：As shown in Figure 3, an example is used to demonstrate the hydraulic calculation model of the variable air volume air conditioning system. Assume that the air duct layout and specifications of the variable air volume air conditioning system are shown in Figure 3, and the material of the air duct is galvanized steel. Divide the air supply pipe of the experimental platform into the following parts and calculate them separately. Using the set air volume of the VAV-box at the end of the variable air volume, calculate the wind speed in each numbered pipe section when the set air volume is reached, as shown in formula (5):
式中：vi——不同编号的管段内空气流速，m/h；In the formula: v i ——air velocity in pipe sections with different numbers, m/h;
Qbox-i——各房间变风量末端VAV-box所需风量，m3/h；Q box-i ——air volume required by VAV-box at the variable air volume terminal of each room, m 3 /h;
Ai——不同编号管段的横截面积，m2。A i ——cross-sectional area of pipe sections with different numbers, m 2 .
再根据各管段内流速v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6,v7，利用计算表中各种材质、各种形状、各种规格的风管的数据，进行其阻抗、风速的关系的拟合，得到风管沿程阻力的阻抗数学计算公式(6)。本发明方法假设使用的矩形风管数据进行拟合，不同规格风管的阻抗-风机拟合系数见下表1：Then according to the flow velocity v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , v 4 , v 5 , v 6 , v 7 in each pipe section, use the data of air pipes of various materials, shapes and specifications in the calculation table to carry out other By fitting the relationship between impedance and wind speed, the impedance mathematical formula (6) for the resistance along the air duct is obtained. The method of the present invention assumes that the rectangular air duct data used is used for fitting, and the impedance-fan fitting coefficients of air ducts of different specifications are shown in the following table 1:
Sj＝avj 2+bvj+c (j∈1～5) (6)S j ＝av j 2 +bv j +c (j∈1～5) (6)
式中：Sj——不同规格管段的阻抗，kg/m7；In the formula: S j ——impedance of pipe sections with different specifications, kg/m 7 ;
vj——不同编号的管段内空气流速，m/h；v j ——air velocity in pipe sections with different numbers, m/h;
表1不同规格下镀锌钢板风管阻抗-风速拟合系数表Table 1 Impedance-wind speed fitting coefficient table of galvanized steel air duct under different specifications
各管段编号的阻抗由管段的沿程阻力、局部阻力以及变风量末端VAV-box中的电动风阀阻力共同组成，其中沿程阻力和局部阻力，当管网的尺寸和形式确定之后，这部分的阻抗就随之确定，阻力就只与风管中的风速有关；变风量空调VAV-box中的电动风阀，由于电动风阀开度实时变化，风阀的阻力系数也在一直改变。故空调风系统分为定阻抗部分和变阻抗部分，如式(7)The impedance of each pipe section number is composed of the along-line resistance, local resistance and the resistance of the electric damper in the VAV-box at the end of the variable air volume. Among them, the along-line resistance and local resistance, when the size and form of the pipe network are determined, this part The impedance is then determined, and the resistance is only related to the wind speed in the air duct; the electric air valve in the variable air volume air conditioner VAV-box, because the opening of the electric air valve changes in real time, the resistance coefficient of the air valve is also constantly changing. Therefore, the air-conditioning air system is divided into a constant impedance part and a variable impedance part, as shown in formula (7)
Si＝Sd+Svalve (7)S i =S d +S valve (7)
式中：Si——不同编号管段的阻抗，kg/m7；In the formula: S i ——impedance of pipe sections with different numbers, kg/m 7 ;
Svalve——不同规格风阀阻抗，kg/m7；S valve ——impedance of air valves with different specifications, kg/m 7 ;
Sd——同一编号管段下的定阻抗，kg/m7；S d ——Constant impedance under the same numbered pipe section, kg/m 7 ;
同一编号管段的定阻抗Sd，由相应管段的沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数组成。根据上述方法求出各个编号管段阻抗，结合上位机读出的相应VAV-box的设定风量，得到在对应风量下各编号管段风管的压降，如式(8)：The constant impedance S d of the pipe section with the same number is composed of the along-path resistance coefficient and the local resistance coefficient of the corresponding pipe section. According to the above method, the impedance of each numbered pipe section is calculated, combined with the set air volume of the corresponding VAV-box read by the host computer, the pressure drop of the air duct of each numbered pipe section under the corresponding air volume is obtained, as shown in formula (8):
式中：ΔPi——对应风速和阀门开度情况下，编号管段压降值。In the formula: ΔP i - the pressure drop value of the numbered pipe section under the condition of corresponding wind speed and valve opening.
结合变风量实验平台实际风管系统的结构形式，计算各回路的压降值。Combined with the structural form of the actual air duct system of the variable air volume experimental platform, the pressure drop value of each circuit is calculated.
比较各环路的压降，找出变风量空调系统最不利回路。此为以变风量实验平台为模板构建的变风量空调系统中风管系统的数学模型。Compare the pressure drop of each loop to find out the most unfavorable loop of the VAV air conditioning system. This is the mathematical model of the air duct system in the variable air volume air conditioning system constructed with the variable air volume experimental platform as a template.
最后，需要说明的是，上述实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明思想和范围的前提下，可在上述说明的基础上进行其他不同形式的变化和改进，这些变化和改进应仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not departing from the idea and scope of the present invention, other different forms of changes and improvements can be made on the basis of the above description, and these changes and improvements should still be protected by the invention. within range. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| CN110953697A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-03 | 天津大学 | Modelica-based air conditioning air system initial balance debugging method |
| CN111380186A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 特灵国际有限公司 | Exhaust reset for constant volume air shift bypass |
| CN111859662A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-30 | 泰州市都瑞堡船舶设备有限公司 | Layout method of uniform velocity tube flowmeter in variable air volume air conditioner tail end unit |
| CN112032860A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Automatic wind power balance adjustment method and system for centralized air conditioning system |
| CN112052578A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method and system for calculating resistance of ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on truncation method |
| CN112443918A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-05 | 中洁环境科技(西安)集团有限公司 | Static pressure air dividing box, control method thereof, fresh air fan and fresh air conditioning all-in-one machine |
| CN112528361A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-19 | 杭州群核信息技术有限公司 | Full-automatic wind power calculation method based on fresh air system |
| CN113033112A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州水木科能科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for modeling clean room air system |
| CN113503609A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-15 | 苏州水木科能科技有限公司 | Purification ventilation system fan combined operation working condition point calculation and control method |
| CN114383270A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-04-22 | 杭州老板电器股份有限公司 | Control method of centralized air supply system and centralized air supply system |
| CN115264716A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-01 | 成都格力新晖医疗装备有限公司 | Ventilation system and biosafety laboratory |
| CN116108605A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-05-12 | 中建安装集团有限公司 | Optimization design method of limited space air duct system considering total life cycle cost |
| CN116678079A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-09-01 | 广东普而通科技有限公司 | Variable air volume air conditioner working condition analysis evaluation and optimization algorithm |
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| CN111380186A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 特灵国际有限公司 | Exhaust reset for constant volume air shift bypass |
| CN112443918A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-05 | 中洁环境科技(西安)集团有限公司 | Static pressure air dividing box, control method thereof, fresh air fan and fresh air conditioning all-in-one machine |
| CN110953697A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-04-03 | 天津大学 | Modelica-based air conditioning air system initial balance debugging method |
| CN111859662B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2023-09-22 | 泰州市都瑞堡船舶设备有限公司 | Layout method of uniform velocity tube flowmeter in tail end unit of variable-air-volume air conditioner |
| CN111859662A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-30 | 泰州市都瑞堡船舶设备有限公司 | Layout method of uniform velocity tube flowmeter in variable air volume air conditioner tail end unit |
| CN112032860A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-04 | 四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Automatic wind power balance adjustment method and system for centralized air conditioning system |
| CN112052578A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method and system for calculating resistance of ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on truncation method |
| CN112052578B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2024-05-24 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method and system for calculating resistance of ventilation air conditioner pipeline system based on cut-off method |
| CN112528361A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-19 | 杭州群核信息技术有限公司 | Full-automatic wind power calculation method based on fresh air system |
| CN113033112A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州水木科能科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for modeling clean room air system |
| CN113503609A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-15 | 苏州水木科能科技有限公司 | Purification ventilation system fan combined operation working condition point calculation and control method |
| CN114383270A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-04-22 | 杭州老板电器股份有限公司 | Control method of centralized air supply system and centralized air supply system |
| CN115264716A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-01 | 成都格力新晖医疗装备有限公司 | Ventilation system and biosafety laboratory |
| CN116108605A (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-05-12 | 中建安装集团有限公司 | Optimization design method of limited space air duct system considering total life cycle cost |
| CN116108605B (en) * | 2023-04-13 | 2023-09-12 | 中建安装集团有限公司 | Optimization design method of limited space air duct system considering total life cycle cost |
| CN116678079A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-09-01 | 广东普而通科技有限公司 | Variable air volume air conditioner working condition analysis evaluation and optimization algorithm |
| CN116678079B (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2024-01-30 | 广东普而通科技有限公司 | Variable air volume air conditioner working condition analysis evaluation and optimization algorithm |
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