CN112052578A - Method and system for calculating resistance of ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on truncation method - Google Patents

Method and system for calculating resistance of ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on truncation method Download PDF

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CN112052578A
CN112052578A CN202010887715.9A CN202010887715A CN112052578A CN 112052578 A CN112052578 A CN 112052578A CN 202010887715 A CN202010887715 A CN 202010887715A CN 112052578 A CN112052578 A CN 112052578A
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pipe section
straight pipe
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resistance
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CN112052578B (en
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高然
郭纬
张思凯
王萌
周航
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of ventilation air-conditioning engineering, and discloses a method and a system for calculating the resistance of a ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on a truncation method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1: obtaining a worst-case loop of a piping system, the worst-case loop including a plurality of local components; step 2: selecting an outlet of each partial component of the pipeline system for truncation to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section; and step 3: calculating the truncation distance of each upstream straight pipe section and each downstream straight pipe section; and 4, step 4: and obtaining the resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section and the downstream straight pipe section of each local member by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of each upstream straight pipe section and each downstream straight pipe section, and obtaining the resistance value of each local member according to a pressure drop method to obtain the total resistance value of the pipeline system. The resistance is accurately analyzed by a truncation method, and compared with the resistance value obtained by the traditional method, the resistance value is lower, so that the fan model selection is influenced, and the purpose of reducing the electric energy consumption is achieved.

Description

Method and system for calculating resistance of ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on truncation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ventilation and air conditioning engineering, and particularly relates to a method and a system for calculating resistance of a ventilation and air conditioning pipeline system based on a truncation method.
Background
For decades, traditional research on pipe resistance has mostly been based on the premise of fully developing flow. However, in the field of ventilation air conditioning ducts, the variation in resistance caused by an insufficiently developed flow is significant. In the former conventional research, because of the requirement of simplifying the research, it is assumed that the distance between the pipe fittings is "far enough", and the flow field far from the pipe fittings does not interfere with each other, that is, the inlet of the pipe fittings is assumed to be "fully developed flow". We can refer to the local assembly at this time as a "single local assembly" (also called a local assembly under "uncoupled condition" or "uncomplexed condition"). Under the condition, the flow field change inside the local part and the resistance problem caused by the flow field change are only influenced by the deformation of the local part; while the flow regime in the straight pipe section is a fully developed flow. However, in the construction field, the actual distance between the sub-assemblies is "close enough", and the flow fields between adjacent sub-assemblies are mutually affected, i.e. the condition of the inlet and outlet boundaries of the pipe is "underdeveloped flow". We can refer to this condition as "adjacent influence condition" (also known as "coupling condition", "composite condition"). Some previous researches show that the influence length of the vortex generated by the local part on the upstream flow field is 5-7 times of pipe diameter, and the influence length on the downstream flow field is 30-50 times of pipe diameter. The common hydraulic diameter 1m of the ventilation air conditioner is used for estimation, the action distance of adjacent influences is about 35-57 m, and in the practical engineering, due to the limitation of a building structure, the installation distance of most pipeline local fittings is smaller than the range. That is, in the field of construction, adjacent influences are virtually ubiquitous. However, the current methods for resistance calculation under underdeveloped flow are still missing.
For the resistance calculation method, since there is no method for underdeveloped flow, there are two methods for calculating the local resistance under underdeveloped flow at the present stage. The first is to look up the local resistance of each fitting by looking up a manual, and simply superimpose the local resistance of the individual fittings. In existing manuals, such as the ASHRAE manual, CIBSE guide, Idelchik manual, the local resistance is summarized from a number of experimental works, most of which are established according to the ASHRAE standard, and 2017ASHRAE hand book mentions that the calculation of the local resistance of the coupling fitting assumes that each fitting is isolated and does not interact with any other fitting, which gives a conservative (upper limit) estimate of the traditional way of adding the local resistance of the individual fittings. However, the upper limit value is not a true value, and an excessively high estimated resistance value causes a large fan model selection and a deviation from a stable working area, and also causes unnecessary energy consumption. Then, it is necessary to carry out an intensive study on how to perform the hydraulic calculation of the ventilating and air-conditioning duct system under the insufficient development of the flowing state.
In addition, the second method is to derive the resistance under the insufficiently developed flow directly by the experimental and design method. Many studies have shown that the error between the local drag coefficients of a simple superposition of a coupled fitting and a non-coupled fitting is large. However, no general method has been summarized, and only a single analysis for each case has been performed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ventilation air-conditioning duct system resistance design method and system based on a truncation method, which are used for solving the equivalent problems in the prior art.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the resistance of a ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on a truncation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a worst-case loop of a piping system, the worst-case loop including a plurality of local components thereon;
step 2: cutting off the outlet of each partial component to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section, wherein the upstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section before the inlet of each partial component, and the downstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section after the outlet of each partial component;
and step 3: calculating the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial component and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial component, wherein the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the upstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section, and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the downstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section;
and 4, step 4: obtaining a resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section and a resistance value of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial member by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial member and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial member, and obtaining the resistance value of each partial member according to a pressure drop method;
obtaining a total resistance value for the ductwork, the total resistance value including a resistance value for an upstream straight section of each partial member and a resistance value for a downstream straight section of each partial member and a resistance value for each partial member itself.
Further, the local member comprises a tee member, a reducing member and an elbow member.
Further, in the resistance calculation model, the upstream straight pipe section adopts straight line fitting, the downstream straight pipe sections of the reducing component and the elbow component adopt double-Gaussian curve fitting, and the downstream straight pipe section of the three-way component adopts exponential function fitting.
The system for calculating the resistance of the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on the truncation method comprises a worst loop calculation module, a truncation position selection module, a truncation distance calculation module and a resistance calculation module;
the worst loop calculation module is to calculate a worst loop of a piping system, the worst loop including a plurality of local components;
the truncation position selection module is used for truncating the outlet of each partial component to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section, wherein the upstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section before the inlet of each partial component, and the downstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section after the outlet of each partial component;
the truncation distance calculation module is used for calculating the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial component and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial component, wherein the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the upstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section, and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the downstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section;
the resistance calculation module is used for calculating a total resistance value of the pipeline system, the total resistance value comprises a resistance value of an upstream straight pipe section of each local member, a resistance value of a downstream straight pipe section of each local member and a resistance value of each local member, the resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section of each local member and the resistance value of the downstream straight pipe section of each local member are obtained by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of each upstream straight pipe section and each downstream straight pipe section, and the resistance value of each local member is obtained according to a pressure drop method.
Further, the local member comprises a tee member, a reducing member and an elbow member.
Further, in the resistance calculation model, the upstream straight pipe section adopts straight line fitting, the downstream straight pipe sections of the reducing component and the elbow component adopt double-Gaussian curve fitting, and the downstream straight pipe section of the three-way component adopts exponential function fitting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical characteristics:
(1) the invention relates to an engineering design calculation method, namely a truncation method, which is suitable for calculating the resistance of a ventilation air-conditioning pipeline under the boundary condition of insufficient development flow, and obtains the functional relation between the local resistance and the truncation distance of a tee joint, a reducer and an elbow on the premise of finding out the action mechanism of the resistance of the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline. The truncation method can calculate local resistance according to the truncation distance, and perform resistance superposition on the basis of the local resistance. The method for calculating the resistance of the ventilation air-conditioning field under the condition of insufficient development flow is provided for the first time, the general design steps are provided, and the method is suitable for calculating the resistance of the engineering under different conditions.
(2) The invention accurately analyzes the resistance by a truncation method, obtains the resistance value of a local member by truncation distance, and the result of superposition calculation is closer to the real resistance value under the coupling condition, and has small error and more accuracy.
(3) The resistance is accurately analyzed through the truncation method, the resistance value of a local member is obtained through the truncation distance, and the result of the superposition calculation is lower than the resistance value obtained through the traditional method, so that the fan model selection is influenced, and the purpose of reducing the electric energy consumption is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates four cutoff positions according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a statistical chart of upstream and downstream resistance ratios of different pipe diameters of different local fittings at the same speed and six groups of aspect ratios; wherein, fig. 3(a) is the pressure drop caused by elbow resistance under different aspect ratios, fig. 3(b) is the pressure drop caused by variable diameter resistance under different aspect ratios, fig. 3(c) is the pressure drop caused by three-way straight pipe resistance under different aspect ratios, and fig. 3(d) is the pressure drop caused by three-way resistance under different aspect ratios;
FIG. 4 is a correlation formula of different cutoff distances of elbows, reducing joints and tee joints and corresponding resistance values under the condition of fully developed flow (10 meters for each of front and rear straight pipe sections); wherein FIG. 4(a) is a correlation of upstream resistance to cutoff distance and FIG. 4(b) is a correlation of downstream resistance to cutoff distance;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the error between the resistance values calculated by the present invention and the resistance values calculated by the conventional method in the example;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ventilation air conditioning duct system;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing actual resistance values with resistance values obtained by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical terms appearing in the present invention are explained first:
a pipeline system: the system comprises a plurality of ventilation air-conditioning pipelines, and pipelines are connected through local components.
Partial components: the local resistance component is a component used for connecting different adjacent straight pipe sections of the ventilation and air-conditioning pipeline, and generally comprises a tee component, a reducing component and an elbow component. The partial component comprises an inlet and an outlet, which are respectively connected with different straight pipe sections.
The worst-case loop: one loop with the largest total resistance value in the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system.
Fully developed flow distance: assuming that the distance between the pipe fittings is "far enough" and the flow fields in the fittings do not interfere with each other, the inlet of the fitting is "fully developed flow" and the distance between two fittings satisfies the fully developed flow distance.
Pressure drop method: and obtaining pressure values of the inlet and the outlet of the local component through a software Fluent simulation result, and then obtaining pressure drop by carrying out difference.
A straight pipe section: the pipe connected between each two partial components is called a straight pipe section.
The embodiment discloses a resistance design method of a ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on a truncation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a worst-case loop of a piping system, the worst-case loop including a plurality of local components thereon;
step 2: cutting off the outlet of each partial component to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section, wherein the upstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section before the inlet of each partial component, and the downstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section after the outlet of each partial component;
and step 3: calculating the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial component and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial component, wherein the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the upstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section, and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the downstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section;
and 4, step 4: obtaining a resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section and a resistance value of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial member by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial member and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial member, and obtaining the resistance value of each partial member according to a pressure drop method;
obtaining a total resistance value for the ductwork, the total resistance value including a resistance value for an upstream straight section of each partial member and a resistance value for a downstream straight section of each partial member and a resistance value for each partial member itself.
Specifically, the local member includes a three-way member, a reducing member and an elbow member.
Specifically, in the resistance calculation model, the upstream straight pipe section adopts straight line fitting, the downstream straight pipe sections of the reducing member and the elbow member adopt double-Gaussian curve fitting, and the downstream straight pipe section of the three-way member adopts exponential function fitting.
Wherein, double Gaussian curve:
Figure BDA0002656058650000071
exponential curve:
Figure BDA0002656058650000072
in the double Gaussian curve, y0Representing the drag coefficient at 1 to 2 hydraulic radii downstream of the fitting; x is the number ofcRepresenting the truncation distance at the position of 1-2 times of hydraulic radius at the downstream of the fitting; h represents the steepness of the peak; w is a1Representing a constant, invariant with speed. In the exponential curve, y0The resistance value when the cutoff distance is zero is shown, and a represents the steepness of the curve.
Specifically, the intercepting position can also be selected to be a half length distance between the inlet of each partial member and the straight pipe section and a pipe diameter of one time of the outlet of the partial member, however, the outlet of each partial member has the best effect, and the downstream resistance value is analyzed to be larger, so that the downstream resistance value is 'intercepted', and refer to fig. 3 and 5.
Specifically, the fully developed flow distance is given as 30 to 50 times the hydraulic radius, and the present invention is set to 10 m.
Specifically, the resistance value of each local component obtained according to the pressure drop method means that pressure values of two surfaces of an inlet and an outlet of the local component are obtained through a software Fluent simulation result, and then a difference is made to obtain the pressure drop.
The embodiment also discloses a resistance design system of the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on the truncation method, which comprises a worst loop calculation module, a truncation position selection module, a truncation distance calculation module and a resistance calculation module;
the worst loop calculation module is to calculate a worst loop of a piping system, the worst loop including a plurality of local components;
the truncation position selection module is used for truncating the outlet of each partial component to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section, wherein the upstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section before the inlet of each partial component, and the downstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section after the outlet of each partial component;
the truncation distance calculation module is used for calculating the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial component and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial component, wherein the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the upstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section, and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the downstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section;
the resistance calculation module is used for calculating a total resistance value of the pipeline system, the total resistance value comprises a resistance value of an upstream straight pipe section of each local member, a resistance value of a downstream straight pipe section of each local member and a resistance value of each local member, the resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section of each local member and the resistance value of the downstream straight pipe section of each local member are obtained by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of each upstream straight pipe section and each downstream straight pipe section, and the resistance value of each local member is obtained according to a pressure drop method.
Specifically, the local member includes a three-way member, a reducing member and an elbow member.
Specifically, in the resistance calculation model, the upstream straight pipe section adopts straight line fitting, the downstream straight pipe sections of the reducing member and the elbow member adopt double-Gaussian curve fitting, and the downstream straight pipe section of the three-way member adopts exponential function fitting.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a resistance design method of a ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on a truncation method, and the resistance design method is a system formed by coupling most common local accessories, namely elbows, reducing pipes and tee pipes, in the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system. The reposition of redundant personnel tee bend among the local fitting has three sections, divide into through direction and bypass direction, so above-mentioned system divide into four tributaries, is respectively:
(1)1-2-3-4-5-6;(2)1-2-3-4-5-7-8-9;(3)1-2-3-4-5-7-8-10-11-12;(4)1-2-3-4-5-7-8-10-11-13。
wherein the total resistance of the system is determined from the least favorable loop, i.e. the loop with the highest resistance. Assuming that the most unfavorable loop in the system described above is the third branch, i.e., 1-2-3-4-5-7-8-10-11-12, the calculation of the resistance of this branch is of utmost importance. In fact, the third branch is also really the most disadvantageous loop in the present system.
In the present embodiment, the resistance calculation value table:
Figure BDA0002656058650000091
in addition, in the present embodiment, as can be seen from fig. 5, we determine to perform the calculation by truncating at the truncation position 2 (i.e., truncating the downstream resistance value PDR), and it can be found that for the worst loop branch 3, the truncation method has significant advantages in terms of both accuracy and low resistance compared to the conventional resistance value.
In the present embodiment, by calculation, the resistance of the straight tube section upstream of each partial member in the total resistance value is directly taken as the Y value in the graph according to the classification as shown in fig. 4(a), and the resistance of the straight tube section downstream is taken as shown in fig. 4(b), which follows the following table:
Figure BDA0002656058650000092
Figure BDA0002656058650000101
wherein, the value of X is the truncation distance, and Y is the calculated resistance value.
As shown in FIG. 7, the invention adopts full-scale experiments to verify the local resistance when all the local fittings are coupled together, and simultaneously compares the simulation results, and the local resistance coefficient experiment results of the worst loop (third branch) under different wind speeds are compared with the simulation results under the same condition, so that the simulation rationality is verified. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional local resistance calculation method, the true value is obviously smaller than the traditional value, and the rationality of the truncation method is reflected from the side.

Claims (6)

1. A method for calculating the resistance of a ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on a truncation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining a worst-case loop of a piping system, the worst-case loop including a plurality of local components thereon;
step 2: cutting off the outlet of each partial component to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section, wherein the upstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section before the inlet of each partial component, and the downstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section after the outlet of each partial component;
and step 3: calculating the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial component and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial component, wherein the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the upstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section, and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the downstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section;
and 4, step 4: obtaining a resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section and a resistance value of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial member by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial member and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial member, and obtaining the resistance value of each partial member according to a pressure drop method;
obtaining a total resistance value for the ductwork, the total resistance value including a resistance value for an upstream straight section of each partial member and a resistance value for a downstream straight section of each partial member and a resistance value for each partial member itself.
2. The truncation-based ventilation air conditioning duct system resistance calculation method of claim 1, wherein the partial members include a tee member, a reducer member, and an elbow member.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the resistance calculation model, the upstream straight pipe section is fitted with a straight line, the diameter-variable member and the downstream straight pipe section of the elbow member are fitted with a double gaussian curve, and the downstream straight pipe section of the tee member is fitted with an exponential function.
4. The system for calculating the resistance of the ventilation air-conditioning pipeline system based on the truncation method is characterized by comprising a worst loop calculation module, a truncation position selection module, a truncation distance calculation module and a resistance calculation module;
the worst loop calculation module is to calculate a worst loop of a piping system, the worst loop including a plurality of local components;
the truncation position selection module is used for truncating the outlet of each partial component to obtain a plurality of partial components comprising an upstream straight pipe section and a downstream straight pipe section, wherein the upstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section before the inlet of each partial component, and the downstream straight pipe section is a straight pipe section after the outlet of each partial component;
the truncation distance calculation module is used for calculating the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section of each partial component and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section of each partial component, wherein the truncation distance of the upstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the upstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section, and the truncation distance of the downstream straight pipe section is obtained by subtracting the length of the downstream straight pipe section from the full development flow distance of the straight pipe section;
the resistance calculation module is used for calculating a total resistance value of the pipeline system, the total resistance value comprises a resistance value of an upstream straight pipe section of each local member, a resistance value of a downstream straight pipe section of each local member and a resistance value of each local member, the resistance value of the upstream straight pipe section of each local member and the resistance value of the downstream straight pipe section of each local member are obtained by using a resistance calculation model according to the truncation distance of each upstream straight pipe section and each downstream straight pipe section, and the resistance value of each local member is obtained according to a pressure drop method.
5. The truncation-based ventilation air conditioning duct system resistance calculation system of claim 4, wherein the partial members comprise tee members, reducer members, and elbow members.
6. A system for calculating resistance of a ventilating air-conditioning duct system based on a truncation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the resistance calculation model, the upstream straight pipe section adopts straight line fitting, the diameter-variable member and the downstream straight pipe section of the elbow member adopt double Gaussian curve fitting, and the downstream straight pipe section of the tee member adopts exponential function fitting.
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