CN108150162B - Microcosmic oil reservoir model and manufacturing method and using method thereof - Google Patents
Microcosmic oil reservoir model and manufacturing method and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108150162B CN108150162B CN201810041400.5A CN201810041400A CN108150162B CN 108150162 B CN108150162 B CN 108150162B CN 201810041400 A CN201810041400 A CN 201810041400A CN 108150162 B CN108150162 B CN 108150162B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 73
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000009096 changqing Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Instructional Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microscopic oil reservoir model and a manufacturing method and a using method thereof. The microscopic reservoir model includes: the model framework comprises a pore throat channel inside; the wetting phase channel is used for providing a flow-through channel for the wetting phase; the non-wetting phase channel is used for providing a flow-through channel for the non-wetting phase; the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively communicated with the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively positioned on two sides of the pore throat channel, and the caliber of the wetting phase channel and the caliber of the non-wetting phase channel are both larger than the minimum caliber of the pore throat channel. According to the microscopic oil reservoir model, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel with the caliber larger than that of the pore throat channel are arranged, so that an experimental model is provided for the research of the real oil reservoir imbibition mechanism, a means for visually presenting pore-scale oil-water distribution and migration mode in the imbibition oil exploitation is also provided, the research experimental time can be greatly shortened, and the theoretical research of the oil reservoir imbibition mechanism is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to an oil reservoir development technology, in particular to a microscopic oil reservoir model and a manufacturing method and a using method thereof.
Background
In low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs, carbonate reservoirs and compact oil and gas reservoirs, as micro-nano pore throats and cracks are widely developed, the problems of mine fields such as overhigh injection pressure, poor injection performance or serious water channeling of injected water along cracks often occur in the conventional water injection development process, and the effective development is difficult to realize. The method of imbibition oil production is different from water injection displacement, can exert the advantage of large micro-nano pore-throat capillary force, carries out oil-water displacement by taking the capillary force as power, replaces crude oil in a compact matrix, and realizes effective development of low-permeability and compact oil reservoirs by taking widely developed natural seams and artificial seams as drainage channels. At present, the development modes of water injection huff and puff, surface active agent injection huff and puff and periodic water injection which take imbibition oil recovery as a basic principle in oil fields of Changqing, extension and the like in China are widely used, and the development degree of low-permeability oil reservoirs is greatly improved from the initial vertical well huff and puff to the horizontal well huff and puff. Under the background that conventional oil reservoirs gradually enter a high water cut period and residual oil is low in exploitation potential in China, low-permeability and compact oil and gas reservoirs are paid more and more attention by reservoir engineering researchers, and the research on imbibition is more and more.
At present, the relevant research aiming at imbibition mainly takes indoor rock cores as research objects, and forms a plurality of research means aiming at imbibition principles, such as a volume method, a mass method, a nuclear magnetic resonance method and the like. However, when the core is used as a research object, the influence of gravity in the imbibition process cannot be avoided, that is, the effect of capillary force in the imbibition process cannot be quantitatively analyzed. Meanwhile, as the experiment period is long (one week to one month) and the oil-water distribution mode inside the core cannot be directly recognized, many imbibition problems cannot be well solved. The application of the microfluidic technology in the field of petroleum engineering provides a good means for the visual research of the imbibition mechanism. Because the micro oil reservoir model chip in the micro-fluidic technology has small volume, the experimental time can be greatly shortened, and the micro oil reservoir model chip has great benefits for imbibition research. However, the existing microscopic oil reservoir chip can not realize the simulation of the oil reservoir imbibition process because the two-dimensional channel of the real oil reservoir is simply simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microscopic oil reservoir model, a manufacturing method and a using method thereof, provides an experimental model for the research of the real oil reservoir imbibition mechanism, also provides a means for visually presenting pore-scale oil-water distribution and migration mode in imbibition oil exploitation, can greatly shorten the research experimental time, and is beneficial to the theoretical research of the oil reservoir imbibition mechanism.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a micro reservoir model, including:
a model skeleton including a pore-throat channel therein;
a wetting phase channel for providing a flow-through channel for a wetting phase;
a non-wetting phase channel for providing a flow-through channel for a non-wetting phase;
the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively communicated with the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively positioned on two sides of the pore throat channel, and the caliber of the wetting phase channel and the caliber of the non-wetting phase channel are both larger than the minimum caliber of the pore throat channel.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a method for making a micro reservoir model, where the method is used to make a micro reservoir model according to any one of the first aspect, and the method includes:
carrying out first etching on a model substrate by using a first mask plate to form a pore-throat channel on the model substrate;
performing second etching on the model substrate by using a second mask plate to form a wetting phase channel and a non-wetting phase channel on the model substrate, wherein the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively communicated with the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively positioned at two sides of the pore throat channel, and the caliber of the wetting phase channel and the caliber of the non-wetting phase channel are both larger than the minimum caliber of the pore throat channel;
and bonding the model substrate and the model cover plate to form the microscopic oil reservoir model.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for using the micro reservoir model according to any one of the first aspects, where the method includes:
cleaning the microscopic oil reservoir model by using a hydrochloric acid solution, a sodium hydroxide solution and deionized water, and drying the microscopic oil reservoir model;
introducing a non-wetting phase into the pore-throat passage until saturation of the non-wetting phase in the pore-throat passage;
simultaneously passing a wetting phase and a non-wetting phase from the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel, respectively, into the pore-throat channel at the same set pressure.
According to the microscopic oil reservoir model and the manufacturing method and the using method thereof, the first mask plate and the second mask plate are used for respectively etching the pore throat channel with the deep part continuously changing and the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel with the minimum aperture larger than the pore throat channel, so that an experimental model for researching the real oil reservoir imbibition mechanism is realized, and the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase are respectively introduced into the pore throat channel from the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel at the same set pressure, so that an experimental means is provided for visually presenting pore size oil-water distribution and migration mode in imbibition oil exploitation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a micro reservoir model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the mold framework of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the dashed line box of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another reservoir model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for modeling a micro reservoir according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulated aperture mask structure provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged partial view of a dashed box in the simulated aperture throat mask of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an etch using the simulated aperture throat mask of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the throat channel after etching using the simulated throat mask of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method for modeling a micro reservoir according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a clay mineral bonding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method for using a micro reservoir model according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microscopic reservoir model structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the model skeleton in fig. 1, and referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the reservoir model includes a model skeleton 11, a wetting phase channel 12 and a non-wetting phase channel 13, the model skeleton includes pore throat channels 111 therein, the wetting phase channel 12 provides a flow channel for the wetting phase, the non-wetting phase channel 13 provides a flow channel for the non-wetting phase, the wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13 are respectively communicated with the pore throat channels 111, and the wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13 are respectively located at two sides of the pore throat channels, wherein the pore size of the wetting phase channel 12 and the pore size of the non-wetting phase channel 13 are both greater than the minimum pore size in the pore throat channels 111.
The wetting phase and the non-wetting phase circulating in the wetting phase channels 12 and the non-wetting phase channels 13 are relative to the wetting characteristics of the reservoir model, for example, when the reservoir model is water-wet, the wetting phase circulating in the wetting phase channels 12 may be water, and the non-wetting phase circulating in the non-wetting phase channels 13 may be oil. The wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13 are respectively located at two sides of the pore throat channel, wherein the two sides may be the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the model skeleton 11, and the micro reservoir model structure shown in fig. 1 is drawn by taking the example that the wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13 are respectively located at the upper and lower sides of the pore throat channel. In addition, the pore throat channel 111 in the reservoir model comprises pores and throats connecting the pores, wherein the calibers of different pores and different throats are different, namely the pore throat channel 111 has the smallest caliber. The depth of the aperture and throat are not uniform and vary continuously.
Wherein the wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13 are distributed to both sides of the pore throat channel 111 and communicate with the pore throat channel 111, when the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase circulate in the wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13, the capillary force of the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase due to the smaller diameter pore throat channel is sucked into the interior of the pore throat channel 111 and displaces the wetting phase or the non-wetting phase inside the pore throat channel 111, and the wetting phase or the non-wetting phase inside the pore throat channel 111 flows out from the wetting phase displacement channel and the non-wetting phase displacement channel, thereby implementing the process of imbibition displacement.
According to the microscopic oil reservoir model provided by the invention, the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel which are larger than the minimum aperture of the pore throat channel are arranged, and the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are arranged on two sides of the pore throat channel, so that the balance of the pressure difference on two sides of the pore throat channel of the oil reservoir model in the injection process is ensured, the imbibition displacement process can be simulated, an experimental model for researching the actual oil reservoir imbibition mechanism is realized, and an experimental means is provided for visually presenting the means of pore-scale oil-water distribution and migration mode in the imbibition oil exploitation.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of FIG. 1 in dashed lines, and referring to FIG. 3, wetting phase channel 12 optionally comprises wetting phase suction channel 121, wetting phase intermediate channel 122 and wetting phase displacement channel 123, and non-wetting phase channel 13 comprises non-wetting phase suction channel 131, non-wetting phase intermediate channel 132 and non-wetting phase displacement channel 133; the projection of the model skeleton 11 on the plane of the microscopic oil reservoir model is a rectangle, the pore throat channel comprises a plurality of pores with larger depth and a plurality of throat channels with shallower depth connecting the pores, and the wetting phase intermediate channel 122 and the non-wetting phase intermediate channel 132 are respectively positioned on two opposite edges of the rectangle and are respectively communicated with the pore throat channel 111.
Wherein wetting phase intermediate channel 122 balances the channel pressures of wetting phase suction channel 121 and wetting phase discharge channel 123, and non-wetting phase intermediate channel 132 balances the channel pressures of non-wetting phase suction channel 131 and non-wetting phase discharge channel 123, thereby facilitating the suction and discharge of the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another reservoir model configuration provided by an embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 4, alternatively, the apertures of wetting phase 12 and non-wetting phase 13 are the same, the angle between wetting phase suction channel 121 and wetting phase intermediate channel 122, the angle between wetting phase displacement channel 123 and wetting phase intermediate channel 122, the angle between non-wetting phase suction channel 131 and non-wetting phase intermediate channel 132, and the angle between non-wetting phase displacement channel 133 and non-wetting phase intermediate channel 132 are the same. Alternatively, the wetting phase channel 12 and the non-wetting phase channel 13 may be etched to a depth of 15 μm and a width of 50 μm, the wetting phase suction channel 121, the wetting phase displacement channel 123, the non-wetting phase suction channel 131 and the non-wetting phase displacement channel 133 may each have a length of 60mm, the rectangular throat channel 111 may have a length of 10mm and a width of 5mm, and the wetting phase intermediate channel 122 and the non-wetting phase intermediate channel 132 may be located on the longer side of the rectangular throat channel 111 and may extend 2mm on both sides of the opposite longer side.
Optionally, the material of the inner wall of the pore throat channel is a clay mineral.
The clay mineral is attached to the inner wall of the pore throat channel 111 through bonding and other means, so that the inner wall of the oil reservoir model is more in line with the characteristic that the actual oil reservoir is the clay mineral, the imbibition experiment performed by the oil reservoir model is more in line with the real imbibition displacement process, and the method is greatly beneficial to the research and research of the imbibition experiment.
Example two
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for creating a micro reservoir model according to a second embodiment of the present invention, the method is used for creating a micro reservoir model according to any one of the embodiments, and referring to fig. 5, the method specifically includes:
s100, carrying out first etching on the model substrate by using the first mask plate, and forming a pore-throat channel on the model substrate.
S120, performing second etching on the model substrate by using a second mask plate to form a wetting phase channel and a non-wetting phase channel on the model substrate, wherein the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively communicated with the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively positioned at two sides of the pore throat channel, and the caliber of the wetting phase channel and the caliber of the non-wetting phase channel are both larger than the smallest caliber of the pore throat channel.
The first etching and the second etching both adopt wet etching processes, firstly photoresist is coated on a substrate, then the photoresist is exposed through a first mask plate or a second mask plate, the photoresist is cleaned through sodium hydroxide to form photoresist patterns corresponding to the mask plates, and then the exposed substrate is etched through etching liquid to form channels, so that a pore throat channel or a wetting phase channel and a non-wetting phase channel are prepared. The substrate can be a photoresist mask plate, and specifically, a mask plate and the photoresist mask plate can be firstly stacked together to be exposed on an exposure machine, and a pattern is transferred to the photoresist mask plate; then, washing with NaOH solution with the concentration of 5 per mill, washing off photoresist on the spin-on chromium plate, then washing with chromium washing liquid, washing off an exposed part on the spin-on chromium plate, and exposing glass corresponding to the microscopic model on the spin-on chromium plate; under the ultrasonic water bath environment, the uniform glue chromium plate with the exposed pores is immersed into the glass etching liquid A for etching for 25min, wherein the formula of the glass etching liquid is as follows: HF (1mol/L), NaF (1mol/L), HNO3(0.5mol/L)，NaNO3(0.5 mol/L); taking out the chip after etching, washing the chip by using deionized water, putting the chip into a 5% NaOH solution to remove the photoresist, washing the chip by using the deionized water, and putting the chip into a chromium washing liquid to remove the chromium layer; and rinsing the chip for 30min by using deionized water after the chromium layer is removed.
The first mask plate is a pore throat mask plate, the second mask plate is a channel mask plate, the pore throat mask plate can be one of a real pore throat mask plate and a simulation pore throat mask plate, the real pore throat mask plate is obtained through modes such as micro-camera shooting and image processing of a pore throat channel in a real oil reservoir slice, and the simulation pore throat mask plate is designed according to actual requirements and is close to the mask plate of the real pore throat channel.
It should be noted that the first mask and the second mask may be combined into one mask, and the mask includes a pattern of a pore-throat channel in the first mask and a pattern of a wetting phase channel and a non-wetting phase channel in the second mask, that is, the pore-throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are completed by one-time wet etching process.
Optionally, a simulated throat mask is selected as the first mask, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulated throat mask structure with a coordination number of 4 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of a dotted line frame in the simulated throat mask of fig. 6, with reference to fig. 6-7, wherein the pattern of the simulated throat mask includes a plurality of repeatedly arranged throat units 60, circles in the figure represent virtual rock particles, the throat units 60 include aperture bodies 61 and a plurality of throat channels 62 connected to the aperture bodies, and the throat channels 62 are opposite to the throat channels 62 in the adjacent throat units 60.
The pore throat unit in the pore throat mask plate is divided into the pore body and the plurality of throat channels connected with the pore body, so that the pores and the throat channels in the pore throat channels of the real oil reservoir can be really manufactured, the separation of the sizes of the pores and the throat channels is completed, the 2.5-dimensional oil reservoir model more fitting the real oil reservoir is formed, compared with a two-dimensional oil reservoir model prepared in the traditional process, the seepage and suction process in the real oil reservoir can be better reflected, the seepage and suction principle in the real seepage and suction process can be more really analyzed by preparing the throat channels with smaller sizes, and the theoretical research of the seepage and suction experiment is favorably revealed.
Optionally, there is a first predetermined distance between two opposing throats in adjacent throat units.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of etching using the simulated pore-throat mask of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a sectional diagram of a pore-throat channel etched using the simulated pore-throat mask of FIG. 7, and referring to FIGS. 8-9, a first predetermined distance d exists between two opposing throats 62 of two pore-throat units 60 with coordination number 2, preferably, the first predetermined distance d may be 50 μm, and by setting the first predetermined distance d, during wet etching using the simulated pore-throat mask, due to the problems of non-uniform etching and low etching precision of the etching solution, the etching solution etches and connects the regions of the first predetermined distance between the two opposing throats 62 that are not exposed originally, thereby forming a pore-throat channel surrounded by a pore-throat channel edge line 81, two low valley positions of the cross-sectional curve in FIG. 9 are pores 61, and a communicating throat exists between the two pores 61, and the etching depth of the throat is smaller. Obviously, the throat formed by etching the area with the first preset distance d has smaller etching depth and width, which is beneficial to realizing stronger capillary force and enhancing the imbibition phenomenon in the imbibition displacement experiment.
And S140, bonding the model substrate with the model cover plate to form a microscopic oil reservoir model.
The model substrate etched with the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel needs to be closed with the cover plate by means of high-temperature bonding, and exemplarily, the step can be that the attached micro model is placed in a nano-imprinting machine, and bonding is performed according to the following working system after vacuum pumping: heating to 120 deg.C at a rate of 20 deg.C/min, and holding the temperature for 60 min; heating to 200 deg.C at a rate of 10 deg.C/min, and maintaining the temperature for 360 min; cooling to 120 deg.C at a rate of 1.5 deg.C/min, and holding for 60 min. Stopping vacuumizing, and cooling to 30 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min to complete the bonding of the chip.
According to the manufacturing method of the microscopic oil reservoir model, provided by the invention, the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel of the microscopic oil reservoir model are prepared by adopting a wet etching process and utilizing the pore throat mask plate and the channel mask plate, wherein the calibers of the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are larger than the minimum calibers of the pore throat channel, so that an experimental model of the microscopic oil reservoir model for researching the real oil reservoir imbibition mechanism is realized, and an experimental means is provided for visually presenting pore-scale oil-water distribution and migration modes in imbibition oil exploitation.
Fig. 10 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a micro reservoir model according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 10, before bonding the etched model substrate and the model cover to form the micro reservoir model, the method further includes:
and S130, cleaning the etched model substrate and the etched model cover plate.
In order to remove residual etching liquid and the like in the etching process and ensure that the model substrate and the model cover plate can be tightly attached, the etched model substrate and the etched model cover plate need to be cleaned, and illustratively, H can be firstly used2SO4And H2O2Preparing solution according to the ratio of 4:1, boiling the glass for 10-15min, and treating the surfaces of the model substrate and the model cover plate; rinsing the chip with petroleum ether and ethanol for 10min to remove organic and inorganic impurities on the model substrate and the model cover plate; then the treated glass chip is rinsed under deionized water for 30 min.
Bonding the etched model substrate with the model cover plate to form a microscopic oil reservoir model, and further comprising:
and S150, bonding clay minerals to the inner wall of the pore throat channel of the microscopic oil reservoir model.
Fig. 11 is a flowchart of a clay mineral bonding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 11, the clay bonding method specifically includes:
s152, preparing clay suspension with preset concentration by using clay minerals.
Wherein, the clay suspension is prepared by adding clay powder into saline solution, stirring vigorously in a stirrer for 15min, and stirring the clay suspension with a stirrer for 3h in a water bath environment at 40 deg.C, wherein the concentration of the clay suspension is preferably 2%.
And S154, injecting the clay suspension into the pore throat channel of the microscopic oil reservoir model at a set speed in an ultrasonic water bath environment.
To ensure that the clay suspension does not clog in the pore-throat channels of the reservoir model, the model can be placed in an ultrasonic water bath environment and the clay suspension is injected into the reservoir model at a relatively low flow rate, illustratively, 1ml/min for a duration of 1 h.
Before injecting the clay suspension into the pore throat channel of the microscopic reservoir model at a set speed in an ultrasonic water bath environment, the method further comprises the following steps: and S153, pretreating the pore-throat channel by using a clay suspension solvent.
Also, in order to ensure that the clay suspension does not clog in the pore-throat channels of the reservoir model, the inner walls of the pore-throat channels may be wetted, and, for example, deionized water may be injected into the model at a rate of 1.5ml/min for 30min and then naturally cooled to room temperature.
S156, injecting air into the model under the environment of ultrasonic water bath, and exhausting and driving the circulated suspension liquid;
after the clay suspension is filled in the pore-throat channel of the oil reservoir model, the excess clay suspension needs to be removed, and the clay suspension adhered to the inner wall of the pore-throat channel is left.
And S158, carrying out high-temperature bonding on the clay minerals and the inner wall of the pore throat channel of the microscopic oil reservoir model.
The high temperature bonding step requires placing the reservoir model on a precision hot plate at a set temperature for a set time, illustratively 200 deg.C for 2 hours.
EXAMPLE III
FIG. 12 is a flow chart of a method for using a micro reservoir model according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 12, the using method is based on the reservoir model according to any one of the embodiments, and specifically includes:
s200, cleaning the microscopic oil reservoir model by using a hydrochloric acid solution, a sodium hydroxide solution and deionized water, and drying the microscopic oil reservoir model.
When the micro oil reservoir model provided in the first embodiment is used for carrying out the imbibition experiment, the oil reservoir model needs to be cleaned first to remove inorganic and organic impurities remaining in the oil reservoir model and residual liquid in the preparation process, and to ensure that the oil reservoir model is dry when in use.
Specifically, the cleaning step may specifically be: injecting 10% hydrochloric acid solution into the microscopic oil reservoir model at the speed of 1ml/min for 1h, injecting 5% NaOH solution into the microscopic oil reservoir model at the speed of 1ml/min for 1h, injecting deionized water into the microscopic oil reservoir model at the speed of 1ml/min for 1h, and placing the microscopic oil reservoir model at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 2 h.
Inorganic and inorganic impurities in the oil reservoir model can be effectively removed through the hydrochloric acid solution and the sodium hydroxide solution, and residual liquid in the microscopic oil reservoir model can be taken away through the flushing of deionized water.
S210, introducing the non-wetting phase into the pore-throat passage until the non-wetting phase in the pore-throat passage is saturated.
Before displacement oil recovery based on the imbibition principle, a non-wetting phase needs to be filled in an oil reservoir model for simulating crude oil in a real oil reservoir. Illustratively, the non-wetting phase may be injected into the pore-throat channels from the wetting phase suction channels or the non-wetting suction channels at 4000mbar pressure, such that the entire reservoir model is filled with the non-wetting phase.
S220, simultaneously introducing the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase into the pore-throat passage from the wetting phase passage and the non-wetting phase passage respectively at the same set pressure.
In order to ensure pressure balance on both sides of the pore-throat channels of the reservoir model, the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase need to be injected from the wetting phase channels and the non-wetting phase channels simultaneously, and the pressures for injecting the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase need to be consistent. In addition, the injection pressure of the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase can adjust the flow rate of the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase in the respective channels, so that the imbibition efficiency in the imbibition experiment process can be controlled, and the injection pressure can be selected according to actual conditions.
The application method of the microscopic oil reservoir model provided by the invention has the advantages that the wetting phase and the non-wetting phase are respectively introduced into the pore throat channel from the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel at the same time under the same set pressure, so that the problems that the pressure balance of an inlet and an outlet cannot be realized in the injection process of the oil reservoir model in the prior art, and the occurrence process of imbibition cannot be simulated are solved, an experimental means is provided for visually presenting pore-scale oil-water distribution and migration modes in imbibition oil exploitation, the experimental time can be greatly shortened, and the theoretical research of the imbibition mechanism of the oil reservoir is facilitated.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A microscopic reservoir model, comprising:
a model skeleton including a pore-throat channel therein;
a wetting phase channel for providing a flow-through channel for a wetting phase;
a non-wetting phase channel for providing a flow-through channel for a non-wetting phase;
wherein the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively communicated with the pore-throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively positioned at two sides of the pore-throat channel, and the caliber of the wetting phase channel and the caliber of the non-wetting phase channel are both larger than the smallest caliber of the pore-throat channel;
the wetting phase channels comprise wetting phase suction channels, wetting phase intermediate channels and wetting phase displacement channels, and the non-wetting phase channels comprise non-wetting phase suction channels, non-wetting phase intermediate channels and non-wetting phase displacement channels;
the projection of the model skeleton on the plane where the microscopic oil reservoir model is located is a rectangle, the throat channel comprises a plurality of pores and a plurality of throats connected with the pores and shallower than the pore depth, and the wetting phase middle channel and the non-wetting phase middle channel are respectively located on two opposite edges of the rectangle and are respectively communicated with the throat channel.
2. The micro reservoir model of claim 1, wherein the wetting phase channels have the same pore size as the non-wetting phase channels, and the wetting phase suction channels and the wetting phase intermediate channels have the same pore size, the wetting phase displacement channels and the wetting phase intermediate channels have the same pore size, the non-wetting phase suction channels and the non-wetting phase intermediate channels have the same pore size, and the non-wetting phase displacement channels and the non-wetting phase intermediate channels have the same pore size.
3. The micro reservoir model of claim 1, wherein the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel have an etching depth of 15 μm and a width of 50 μm, the wetting phase suction channel, the wetting phase displacement channel, the non-wetting phase suction channel and the non-wetting phase displacement channel each have a length of 60mm, the rectangular throat channel has a length of 10mm and a width of 5mm, and the wetting phase intermediate channel and the non-wetting phase intermediate channel are on a long side of the throat channel and extend 2mm to both sides of the long side.
4. The microscopic reservoir model of any of claims 1-3, wherein the material of the inner walls of the pore-throat channels is a clay mineral.
5. A micro reservoir modeling method for creating a micro reservoir model according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising:
carrying out first etching on a model substrate by using a first mask plate to form a pore-throat channel on the model substrate;
performing second etching on the model substrate by using a second mask plate to form a wetting phase channel and a non-wetting phase channel on the model substrate, wherein the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively communicated with the pore throat channel, the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel are respectively positioned at two sides of the pore throat channel, and the caliber of the wetting phase channel and the caliber of the non-wetting phase channel are both larger than the minimum caliber of the pore throat channel;
and bonding the model substrate and the model cover plate to form the microscopic oil reservoir model.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the first mask is a throat mask, and the throat mask is one of a real throat mask and a simulated throat mask; the second mask is a channel mask.
7. The manufacturing method according to claim 6, wherein the first mask is a simulated throat mask, the pattern of the simulated throat mask comprises a plurality of repeatedly arranged throat units, each throat unit comprises a slot body and a plurality of throats connected with the slot body, and each throat is opposite to the throat in the adjacent throat unit.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein a first predetermined distance exists between two opposing throats in adjacent throat units.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the throat unit includes at least two of the throats connected to the interstitial body.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein before bonding the etched model substrate to the model cover to form the micro reservoir model, the method further comprises:
and cleaning the etched model substrate and the etched model cover plate.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein bonding the etched model substrate with the model cover to form the micro reservoir model further comprises:
bonding a clay mineral to an inner wall of the pore-throat channel of the microscopic reservoir model.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein bonding clay minerals to the inner walls of the pore-throat channels of the micro reservoir model comprises:
preparing clay suspension with preset concentration by using clay minerals;
injecting a clay suspension into the pore-throat channel of the micro oil reservoir model at a set speed in an ultrasonic water bath environment;
injecting air into the microscopic oil reservoir model in an ultrasonic water bath environment, and discharging and driving the circulated suspension liquid;
and carrying out high-temperature bonding on the clay mineral and the inner wall of the pore throat channel of the microscopic oil reservoir model.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising, prior to injecting a clay suspension into the pore-throat channel of the micro reservoir model at a set rate in an ultrasonic water bath environment: the pore throat channels are pretreated with a clay suspension solvent.
14. A method of using the micro reservoir model according to any of claims 1-4, comprising:
cleaning the microscopic oil reservoir model by using a hydrochloric acid solution, a sodium hydroxide solution and deionized water, and drying the microscopic oil reservoir model;
passing a non-wetting phase into the pore-throat passage until saturation of the non-wetting phase in the pore-throat passage;
simultaneously passing a wetting phase and a non-wetting phase from the wetting phase channel and the non-wetting phase channel, respectively, into the pore-throat channel at the same set pressure.
15. The method of use of claim 14, wherein the washing the micro reservoir model with a hydrochloric acid solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, and deionized water and drying the micro reservoir model comprises:
injecting 10% hydrochloric acid solution into the microscopic oil reservoir model at the speed of 1ml/min for 1 h;
injecting 5% NaOH solution into the microscopic oil reservoir model at the speed of 1ml/min for 1 h;
injecting deionized water into the microscopic oil reservoir model at the speed of 1ml/min for 1 h;
the microscopic reservoir model was placed at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 2 h.
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| CN112796743B (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-06-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Core oil accumulation structure generation method and system, computer equipment, terminal and application |
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