CN111151315A - Micro-fluidic chip, experimental device and method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat - Google Patents
Micro-fluidic chip, experimental device and method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat Download PDFInfo
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- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-fluidic chip, an experimental device and a method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat, wherein the micro-fluidic chip comprises a micro-fluidic chip body, a main seepage channel and at least two groups of pore structures are arranged in the micro-fluidic chip body, and each group of pore structures comprises a pore throat and at least two throat channels communicated with the pore throat; one end of one of the throats in each group of pore structures is communicated with the main seepage channel, the other end of the throat is communicated with the pore throat, one end of the other throats in each group of pore structures is communicated with the pore throat, and the other end of each of the other throats in each group of pore structures is provided with a throat outlet which can be opened or blocked; pore throat coordination numbers of the pore structures are different; an inlet is arranged at the position corresponding to the main seepage channel on the micro-fluidic chip body. The invention can realize deeper mechanism layer of oil-water seepage in rock porous medium, and provides theoretical basis for tight sandstone reservoir imbibition oil production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil extraction of oil reservoirs, and particularly relates to a micro-fluidic chip, an experimental device and a method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat.
Background
Along with the gradual reduction of the exploitable energy of the conventional oil reservoir, the unconventional oil reservoir such as a tight sandstone oil reservoir becomes a main exploitation object of an oil field, but the tight sandstone has low permeability and strong heterogeneity, and the water injection development effect is not ideal. Because the compact sandstone has fine pores and strong capillary action force, injected water such as fracturing fluid can spontaneously enter the fine pores to replace oil phase under the action of the capillary force, so that the recovery efficiency is improved, and the phenomenon is called spontaneous imbibition. Intensive research on the imbibition phenomenon is carried out by a large number of scholars at home and abroad, and the research shows that the physical properties of rocks are main factors for regulating and controlling the imbibition effect, including a micro-pore structure, wettability and the like. The parameters describing the rock micro-pore structure mainly comprise pore throat coordination number, pore throat ratio, pore throat diameter and the like, wherein the pore throat coordination number is a key factor for reacting pore connectivity, and is closely related to oil-water distribution, oil-water two-phase imbibition displacement and residual oil distribution in an oil reservoir, so that the micro-imbibition displacement efficiency is influenced, and the macro-recovery efficiency is determined.
At present, most of researches on the pore throat structure of the rock focus on the representation of the micro-pore structure, and detailed information of the pore throat structure in a micron or even nanometer level can be obtained through mercury intrusion experiments, gas adsorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, CT scanning and scanning electron microscopy. The research on the seepage phenomenon of fluid in the porous medium mostly utilizes a rock core to perform macroscopic experiments such as displacement or imbibition and the like, and meanwhile, the means such as nuclear magnetic resonance, CT scanning and the like are used for assisting in understanding the flow phenomenon of oil-water two phases in the porous medium. However, the study of specific micro-pore structure and dynamic imbibition process is still insufficient and lacks quantitative analysis of specific micro-pore structure parameters such as pore throat coordination number and imbibition phenomenon. Therefore, a physical model of a pore structure capable of accurately controlling the coordination number of pore throats is needed to be designed for researching the specific influence of the physical model on the imbibition effect, and the influence of the pore throat connectivity on the imbibition effect and the distribution of residual oil is determined, so that the understanding of a deeper mechanism layer on the seepage phenomenon of oil and water in a rock porous medium is provided, a theoretical basis is provided for the imbibition oil production of a tight sandstone reservoir, and the scientific significance is provided for the perfection of the internal seepage theory of the porous medium.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a micro-fluidic chip, an experimental device and a method for researching the coordination number and the imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a micro-fluidic chip for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat comprises a transparent micro-fluidic chip body, wherein a main seepage channel and at least two groups of pore structures are arranged in the micro-fluidic chip body, and each group of pore structures comprises a pore throat and at least two throat channels communicated with the pore throat; one end of one of the throats in each group of pore structures is communicated with the main seepage channel, the other end of the throat is communicated with the pore throat, one end of the other throats in each group of pore structures is communicated with the pore throat, and the other end of each of the other throats in each group of pore structures is provided with a throat outlet which can be opened or blocked; pore throat coordination numbers of the pore structures are different; an inlet is arranged at the position corresponding to the main seepage channel on the micro-fluidic chip body.
Preferably, the main seepage channel is cuboid, the cross section of the throat is rectangular, and the pores are cylindrical.
Preferably, the length of the main seepage channel is 500-; the throat length is 10-150 μm, the cross section width is 5-50 μm, and the height is 10-50 μm; the diameter of the pore is 30-200 μm, and the depth is 10-50 μm; the entrance and throat exit have a pore size of 0.010-0.060 inches.
An experimental device for researching the coordination number and the imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat comprises a micro-injection pump, an inverted microscope, a pressure sensor, a computer, a collecting device and the micro-fluidic chip, wherein an outlet of the micro-injection pump is connected with an inlet through a connecting pipe, an outlet of a throat is connected with the collecting device through a connecting pipe, and the pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting pipe connecting the outlet and the inlet of the micro-injection pump; the micro-fluidic chip is arranged on an object stage of the inverted microscope, the inverted microscope is connected with a camera, and the camera and the pressure sensor are both connected with a computer.
Preferably, the flow range of the micro-injection pump is 0.67 mu L/min-17 mL/min; the connecting tube had an inner diameter of 0.010 inch and an outer diameter of 0.030 inch.
An experimental method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throats is carried out by adopting the experimental device and comprises the following steps:
s1, one injector of the micro injection pump is filled with deionized water, and the other injector is filled with simulation oil;
s2, connecting an injector of a micro-injection pump with deionized water with an inlet of a micro-fluidic chip, injecting the deionized water into the micro-fluidic chip by the micro-injection pump until a main seepage channel and a pore structure in the micro-fluidic chip are completely filled with water and have no bubbles or impurities, and simulating the establishment of the initial saturation of formation water in the process;
s3, connecting an injector with simulated oil in a micro-injection pump with an inlet of a micro-fluidic chip, injecting the simulated oil into the micro-fluidic chip by the micro-injection pump until the oil saturation is not changed any more, and simulating the establishment of the initial oil saturation in the process;
s4, connecting an injector with a micro-injection pump provided with deionized water with an inlet of the micro-fluidic chip, injecting the deionized water into the micro-fluidic chip by the micro-injection pump, replacing the simulated oil in the main seepage channel with the deionized water, and simulating the process of water injection development or the process of entering fracturing fluid into the main seepage channel such as a main crack; when the main seepage channel is filled with deionized water, the micro-flow injection pump is closed, and the process is used for simulating a well shut-in or well-closing process;
s5, deionized water starts to enter the pore structure spontaneously, the camera shoots the imbibition process, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure change in the imbibition process, the camera and the pressure sensor transmit the collected data to the computer, and when the oil saturation in the pore structure is not changed any more or the imbibition effect is stopped, the experiment is finished.
Preferably, in S4, at least one throat outlet of one of the pore structures is blocked, the throat with the blocked outlet is called a dead-end pore, and the other throat outlets are opened.
Preferably, in S2, the flow rate of deionized water injected into the microfluidic chip by the micro-injection pump is 1-20 μ L/min;
in S3, the flow rate of the simulation oil injected into the microfluidic chip by the micro-injection pump is 1-10 muL/min;
in S4, the flow rate of deionized water injected into the microfluidic chip by the micro-injection pump is 0.6-5 muL/min.
Preferably, after the step S5 is finished, sequentially injecting isopropanol, ethanol and deionized water into the microfluidic chip by using a micro-injection pump to wash the inside of the microfluidic chip without simulation oil; and taking down the microfluidic chip, wiping the microfluidic chip clean, and then putting the microfluidic chip into an oven for drying to remove water and organic matter residues.
The invention has the following technical effects:
according to the micro-fluidic chip, through at least two groups of pore structures, the pore throat coordination numbers of the pore structures are different, and the specific influence of the pore throat coordination numbers on the imbibition efficiency can be researched through accurately designing and controlling the pore throat coordination numbers. The traditional rock core has a complex internal pore structure, and the coordination number and the imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throats are difficult to study by controlling a single variable. The main seepage channel of the micro-fluidic chip can be used for storing liquid and simulating the process of injecting water or fracturing fluid into a crack or a high-permeability channel in an oil reservoir. The pore structure comprises a pore throat and at least two throats communicated with the pore throat, one end of one of the throats in the pore structure is communicated with the main seepage channel, the other end of the throat is communicated with the pore throat, one ends of the other throats in the pore structure are communicated with the pore throat, and the other ends of the other throats in the pore structure are provided with throat outlets which can be opened or blocked; therefore, in the micro-fluidic chip, liquid can spontaneously seep into the pore structure connected with the main seepage channel, and the seepage principle of the actual rock core can be simulated. In addition, the micro-fluidic chip used by the invention can be repeatedly used, repeated experiments can be carried out for many times, and the relationship between the coordination number of pore throats and the imbibition efficiency is quantitatively researched. The micro-fluidic chip can provide deeper understanding for the seepage phenomenon of oil and water in the rock porous medium, and provides a theoretical basis for the seepage oil extraction of the tight sandstone reservoir.
Furthermore, the sizes of the main seepage channel, the throat and the pore are all in the micron level, the specific surface area is large under the micron level, the reaction rate of the experiment is high, the time of the imbibition experiment is greatly shortened, the reagent consumption is greatly reduced, the experiment cost is reduced, and the experiment efficiency is improved.
The experimental device for researching the micron-scale pore throat coordination number and the imbibition efficiency can alternately inject different liquids into the microfluidic chip by using the micro-injection pump, can record real-time pressure change by using the pressure sensor, and can observe and record the flow phenomenon of the fluid in the microfluidic chip by using the inverted microscope.
The experimental method for researching the coordination number and the imbibition efficiency of the micron-scale pore throats is carried out by the experimental device, so that the experimental method can be used for researching the specific influence of the coordination number of the micron-scale pore throats on the imbibition efficiency by observing the flow phenomenon of fluid in a microfluidic chip and acquired pressure information, and the experimental method can be used for realizing deeper understanding of the mechanism level of the seepage phenomenon of oil and water in a rock porous medium and providing a theoretical basis for the imbibition oil extraction of a compact sandstone reservoir.
Further, in S4, at least one throat outlet of one group of pore structures is plugged, the throat with the plugged outlet is called a blind pore, and the other throat outlets are opened, so that the present invention flexibly controls the pore throat coordination number of the pore structure by closing a certain throat connected to the drainage port, and can be used for studying the pore throat coordination number versus the displacement efficiency of the oil absorbed in the blind pore throat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a chip design for investigating the coordination number of pore and throat by using a microfluidic chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-micro injection pump, 2-inverted microscope, 3-camera, 4-computer, 5-centrifuge tube, 6-micro flow control chip, 7-pressure sensor, 8-inlet, 9-throat outlet, 10-connecting tube, 11-main seepage channel, 12-pore throat, 13-throat, 14-blocked outlet.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the microfluidic chip for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a microscale pore throat of the present invention includes a transparent microfluidic chip body, wherein the microfluidic chip body is provided with a main percolation channel 11 and at least two groups of pore structures, each group of pore structures includes a pore throat 12 and at least two throat channels 13 communicated with the pore throat 12; one end of one of the throats 13 in each group of pore structures is communicated with the main seepage channel 11, the other end of the throat is communicated with the pore throat 12, one end of the other throats in the pore structures is communicated with the pore throat 12, and the other end of the other throats in the pore structures is provided with a throat outlet 9 which can be opened or blocked; pore throat coordination numbers of the pore structures are different; an inlet 8 is arranged on the micro-fluidic chip body at the position corresponding to the main seepage channel 11.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, when one of the throat exits 9 is blocked, it can be used to simulate the phenomenon of imbibition when a blind throat is present.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microfluidic chip body is formed by bonding two pieces of glass, wherein one piece of glass is engraved with a groove with a cuboid structure, and the other piece of glass has no etching channel. The microfluidic chip composed of two bonded pieces of glass can ensure smooth flow of fluid and has good sealing property.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main percolation channel 11 is shaped as a rectangular parallelepiped, the throat 13 has a rectangular cross section and the pores 12 are cylindrical.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main percolation channel 11 has a length of 500-1000 μm, a width of 100-300 μm and a depth of 10-50 μm; the throat 13 has a length of 10-150 μm, a cross-sectional width of 5-50 μm and a height of 10-50 μm; the diameter of the pores 12 is 30-200 μm and the depth is 10-50 μm; the inlet 8 and throat exit 9 have a pore size of 0.010-0.060 inches.
The invention relates to an experimental device for researching the coordination number and the imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat, which comprises a micro-injection pump 1, an inverted microscope 2, a pressure sensor 7, a computer 4, a collecting device and a microfluidic chip 6, wherein the outlet of the micro-injection pump 1 is connected with an inlet 8 through a connecting pipe, the outlet 9 of a throat channel is connected with the collecting device through a connecting pipe, and the pressure sensor 7 is arranged on the connecting pipe connecting the outlet and the inlet 8 of the micro-injection pump 1; the micro-fluidic chip 6 is arranged on an object stage of the inverted microscope 2, the inverted microscope 2 is connected with the camera 3, and the camera 3 and the pressure sensor 7 are both connected with the computer 4. The micro-injection pump 1 adopted by the invention is provided with an injector in a clamping way, the required injection liquid is arranged in the injector, and the micro-injection pump controls the flow rate of the injected fluid by accurately controlling the propelling speed of the injector. The inverted microscope is connected with a camera which is used for shooting and recording the dynamic experiment process and transmitting the pictures or videos to a computer in real time. The pressure sensor is connected to the inlet for monitoring dynamic pressure changes in the fluid flowing in the microchannel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the micro syringe pump 1 has a length of 28cm, a width of 25cm, a height of 14cm, and a flow rate ranging from 0.67. mu.L/min to 17 mL/min; the connecting tube had an inner diameter of 0.010 inch and an outer diameter of 0.030 inch. The micro-injection pump 1 is a double-channel perfusion/suction type injection pump, can be used for clamping injectors with different specifications, and has the capacity of 10 mu L-60 mL. The length of the inverted microscope 2 is 40cm, the width is 60cm, the height is 100cm, and the magnification is 40X-400X. The pressure sensor 3 is 12mm long, 10mm wide and 15mm high, and has pressure range of 0-1800kPa and accuracy of 1% and can test positive pressure and negative pressure. The micro-fluidic chip is cuboid, and has a length of 3-12cm, a width of 2-10cm, and a height of 0.5-1.5 cm.
The invention relates to an experimental method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat, which is carried out by adopting an experimental device and comprises the following steps:
s1, one injector of the micro injection pump 1 is filled with deionized water, and the other injector is filled with simulation oil;
s2, connecting an injector of the micro-injection pump 1 with deionized water with an inlet 8 of the micro-fluidic chip 6, injecting the deionized water into the micro-fluidic chip 6 by the micro-injection pump 1 until the main seepage channel 11 and the pore structure in the micro-fluidic chip 6 are completely filled with water and have no bubbles or impurities, and simulating the establishment of the initial saturation of formation water in the process;
s3, connecting an injector of the micro-injection pump 1 with simulation oil with an inlet 8 of the micro-fluidic chip 6, injecting the simulation oil into the micro-fluidic chip 6 by the micro-injection pump 1 until the oil saturation is not changed any more, and simulating the establishment of the initial oil saturation in the process;
s4, connecting an injector of the micro-injection pump 1 with deionized water with an inlet 8 of the micro-fluidic chip 6, injecting the deionized water into the micro-fluidic chip 6 by the micro-injection pump 1, replacing the simulated oil in the main seepage channel 11 with the deionized water, and simulating the process of water injection development or entering fracturing fluid into the main seepage channel such as a main crack; when the main seepage channel 11 is filled with deionized water, the micro-flow injection pump 1 is closed, and the process is used for simulating a well closing or closing process;
s5, deionized water starts to enter the pore structure spontaneously, the camera 3 shoots the imbibition process, the pressure sensor 7 monitors the pressure change in the imbibition process, the camera 3 and the pressure sensor 7 transmit the collected data to the computer 4, when the oil saturation in the pore structure is not changed any more or the imbibition effect is stopped, the experiment is finished, and the shot picture is analyzed in detail through ImageJ software.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the throat outlets 9 are all open; referring to fig. 2, when the experimental apparatus of the present invention is used to study the blind end pore imbibition efficiency, in the above experimental process, in S4, at least one throat outlet 9 of one group of pore structures is blocked, the throat 13 with the blocked outlet is called the blind end pore, and the other throat outlets 9 are opened.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the micro-injection pump 1 injects deionized water into the microfluidic chip 6 at a flow rate of 1-20 μ L/min for 5-15 min; in S3, the flow rate of the simulation oil injected into the microfluidic chip 6 by the micro-injection pump 1 is 1-10 muL/min; in S4, the flow rate of deionized water injected into the microfluidic chip 6 by the micro-syringe pump 1 is 0.6-5 μ L/min.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after S5 is finished, sequentially injecting isopropanol, ethanol and deionized water into the microfluidic chip 6 by using the micro-injection pump 1 to wash out the inside of the microfluidic chip 6 without the simulation oil; and taking down the microfluidic chip 6, wiping the microfluidic chip 6 clean, and then putting the microfluidic chip into an oven for drying to remove water and organic matter residues.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flow rate of injecting the isopropanol, the ethanol and the deionized water is 1-17mL/min, the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the time is more than 12 hours.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the microfluidic experimental apparatus for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micro-scale pore throat in this embodiment includes a micro-syringe pump 1, an inverted microscope 2, a computer 4, a test tube 5, a microfluidic chip 6, a pressure sensor 7 and a connecting tube 10. Two syringes are clamped on the micro-injection pump 1 and are connected to an inlet 8 of the micro-fluidic chip 6 through a connecting pipe 10. The inverted microscope 2 is an inverted optical microscope, so the microfluidic chip 6 is placed above the eyepiece of the inverted microscope 2, and the camera 3 connected to the inverted microscope 2 is placed above the microfluidic chip 6 and connected to the computer 4. Liquid enters the microfluidic chip 6 through the inlet 8, is discharged through the throat outlet 9 and is collected through the centrifugal tube 5.
The micro-injection pump 1 is 28cm long, 25cm wide and 14cm high, the set flow range is 0.67 mu L/min-17mL/min, the capacity of an injector with a card arranged thereon is 5mL, and the inner diameter of the injector is 13.1 mm. The microfluidic chip is 6cm long, 4cm wide and 0.8cm high and is made of borosilicate glass. The inlet 8 and outlet 9 have an inner diameter of 0.030 inches and can be plugged or unplugged. The connecting pipe 10 has an inner diameter of 0.010 inch and an outer diameter of 0.030 inch and is made of polyethylene. The specification of the centrifugal tube 5 is 2mL and 15 mL. The microscope used 4X, 10X and 20X objectives. The camera is set to take a picture every 1-10 seconds during imbibition.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic top view of the design of the microfluidic chip of this embodiment, the microfluidic chip includes an inlet 8, a main percolation channel 11, pores 12 and a throat 13. The liquid first enters the main percolation channel 11 inside the microfluidic chip 6 from the inlet 8 through the micro-syringe pump 1. The main percolation channel 11 is 900 μm long, 250 μm wide and 20 μm deep. The main seepage channels 11 are used for storing fluids and are used for simulating the process of injecting water or fracturing fluid into cracks or hypertonic channels in an oil reservoir. After the main seepage flow channel 11 is filled, the liquid spontaneously seeps into the pore structure communicated with the main seepage flow channel 11. The pore structure consists of a pore throat 12 and throats 13, wherein the pore throat 12 is at least communicated with 2 throats 13, one end of one of the throats 13 is communicated with the main seepage channel 11, the other end of the one of the throats 13 is communicated with the pore throat 12, the tail ends of the other throats 13 are provided with throat outlets 9, and the throat outlets 9 can be opened or closed. The invention is used for researching the relation between the pore-throat coordination number and the imbibition efficiency, so that the main percolation passage 11 of the chip design of the embodiment is connected with three groups of pore structures with different pore-throat coordination numbers, as shown in fig. 2, the pore-throat coordination numbers of the pore structures from top to bottom are respectively 4, 3 and 5. Compared with a conventional rock core experiment, the coordination number and the size of the pore structure can be accurately controlled, and a targeted physical model can be manufactured according to the actual pore structure of the oil reservoir and used for researching the imbibition effect of a microscopic layer. The throat 13 is a cuboid, and has a width of 15 μm, a length of 180 μm and a depth of 20 μm. The pores 12 are cylindrical in overall shape, with a diameter of 100 μm and a depth of 20 μm. The liquid is discharged through the throat outlet 9, and the throat outlets 9 are totally 9 in the embodiment.
The working method of the microfluidic experimental device for researching the coordination number and the imbibition efficiency of the micron-scale pore throat in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) the microfluidic chip 6 was placed on the stage of the inverted microscope 2 and fixed.
(2) The micro-flow injection pump 1 is equipped with two syringes, respectively containing 4mL of deionized water and simulated oil. Two ends of the connecting pipe are respectively connected to an injector filled with deionized water and an inlet 8 of the microfluidic chip 6, and the deionized water is injected into the microfluidic chip 6 for 5min at the flow rate of 5 mu L/min until the microchannel in the microfluidic chip 6 is completely filled with water and has no bubbles or impurities. This procedure is used to simulate the establishment of initial saturation of formation water.
(3) The new connecting pipe 10 is replaced and connected with an injector filled with the simulation oil and the inlet 8, and the simulation oil is injected into the micro-fluidic chip 6 at the flow rate of 5 mu L/min until the oil saturation does not change. This procedure was used to simulate the establishment of initial oil saturation.
(4) The connecting tube 10 is connected to the injector with deionized water and the inlet 8 again, deionized water is injected into the microfluidic chip 6 at a flow rate of 0.85 μ L/min until the main seepage channel 11 is replaced by deionized water, and the process is used for simulating water injection development or a process of entering fracturing fluid into the main seepage channel such as a main crack. The micro flow syringe pump 1 is turned off when the main permeate channel 11 is filled with deionized water, a process that simulates a shut-in or shut-down process.
(5) The imbibition process was photographed when the deionized water started to spontaneously enter the pore structure and the pressure change during imbibition was monitored by the pressure sensor 7. And when the saturation of the oil contained in the pore structure is not changed or the imbibition effect is stopped, stopping photographing and recording, and ending the experiment. The pictures taken were analyzed in detail by ImageJ software.
(6) After the experiment is finished, a 60mL injector is mounted on the micro-flow injection pump 1, and isopropanol, ethanol and deionized water are respectively used for rapidly flushing the micro-channel at the flow rate of 17mL/min until no simulation oil residue exists. The cleaned microfluidic chip 6 is placed in an oven at 120 ℃ for more than 12 hours for the next use, and the process is used for evaporating the liquid in the microchannel and removing the organic matters possibly remained.
The experimental result shows that when the injection pump is shut down, the injected water enters the three groups of pore structures under the action of capillary force, and the throat outlets 9 of the three groups of pore structures are all connected to the atmospheric pressure, so that the forward migration speed of an oil-water interface is equivalent, and the seepage and suction effects are different when the water enters the pores; when the coordination number of pore throats is increased, the pore connectivity is better, the oil displacement efficiency of the imbibition is increased, and the saturation of residual oil is less. And observing and recording the saturation of the residual oil after the internal imbibition action of the three groups of pore structures, the speed of pushing an oil-water interface into the three groups of pore structures by a water phase and the curvature radius of the interface by combining a microscope to obtain the mathematical relationship between the pore throat coordination number and the imbibition efficiency, establishing a mathematical model for describing an ideal pore model and the imbibition action, and providing micrometer-scale basic experimental data and model reference for obtaining a more accurate complex porous medium internal infiltration model.
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental apparatus of the present invention can also be used to study the imbibition efficiency of the pore structure with a dead end. The liquid first enters the main percolation channel 11 inside the microfluidic chip 6 from the inlet 8 through the micro-syringe pump 1. The main seepage channels 11 are used for storing fluids and are used for simulating the process of injecting water or fracturing fluid into cracks or hypertonic channels in an oil reservoir. The main seepage channel 11 is 500 μm long, 200 μm wide and 20 μm deep. After the main seepage flow channel 11 is filled, the liquid spontaneously seeps into the pore structure connected with the main seepage flow channel 11. When the method is carried out, the tail end of one throat 13 in one group of pore structures on the microfluidic chip 6 is blocked, and the outlets 9 of other throats are opened. The throat 13 has a width of 15 μm, a length of 180 μm and a depth of 20 μm, and is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. The pores 12 had a diameter of 100 μm and a depth of 20 μm and were cylindrical in shape. The throat outlet 9, the end of which is blocked, is referred to as the blocked outlet 14. With the outlet 14 blocked, the design can be used to study imbibition within a dead-end pore structure. The invention can flexibly control the position and the number of the blocked throats, and is used for researching the specific influence of the micro-scale blind end pores on the imbibition oil displacement efficiency.
The process of researching the absorption efficiency of the blind end pores comprises the following steps:
(1) the microfluidic chip 6 is placed on the stage of the microscope 2 and fixed.
(2) The micro-flow injection pump 1 is equipped with two syringes, respectively containing 4mL of deionized water and simulated oil. Two ends of the connecting pipe are respectively connected to an injector filled with deionized water and an inlet 8 of the microfluidic chip 6, and the deionized water is injected into the microfluidic chip 6 at the flow rate of 5 mu L/min for 5min until the micro-channel in the chip is completely filled with water and has no bubbles or impurities. This procedure is used to simulate the establishment of initial saturation of formation water. All the throat outlets 9 can discharge liquid in the process.
(3) The new connecting pipe 10 is replaced and the injector filled with the simulation oil and the inlet 8 are connected, and the simulation oil is injected into the micro-fluidic chip 6 at the flow rate of 5 mu L/min until the oil saturation does not change. This procedure was used to simulate the establishment of initial oil saturation. All the throat outlets 9 can discharge liquid in the process.
(4) One of the throat outlets 9 is blocked, a blind end pore is artificially formed, a blocked outlet 14 is formed, and other throat outlets 9 can discharge liquid. The connection tube 10 is again connected to the injector and inlet 8 filled with deionized water, and deionized water is injected into the chip at a flow rate of 0.85 μ L/min until the main seepage channel 11 is replaced by deionized water, which is used to simulate the process of water injection development or the entering of fracturing fluid into the main seepage channel such as the main fracture. The micro flow syringe pump 1 is turned off when the main permeate channel 11 is filled with deionized water, a process that simulates a shut-in or shut-down process.
(5) The imbibition process was photographed when the deionized water started to spontaneously enter the pore structure and the pressure change during imbibition was monitored by the pressure sensor 7. And when the saturation of the oil contained in the pore structure is not changed or the imbibition effect is stopped, stopping photographing and recording, and ending the experiment. The pictures taken were analyzed in detail by ImageJ software. This procedure was used to simulate imbibition when a group of pore structures had 4 communicating throats and one blind throat.
(6) After the experiment is finished, the blocked throat 14 is opened, and at the moment, all the throat outlets can discharge liquid. A60 mL injector is mounted on the micro-flow injection pump 1, and isopropanol, ethanol and deionized water are respectively used for rapidly flushing the micro-channel at the flow rate of 17mL/min until no simulation oil residue exists. The cleaned microfluidic chip 6 is placed in an oven at 120 ℃ for more than 12 hours for the next use, and the process is used for evaporating the liquid in the microchannel and removing the organic matters possibly remained.
The experimental result shows that when the injection pump is shut down, injected water enters the pore structure under the action of capillary force, and simultaneously an oil-water interface begins to enter the throat to slowly replace an oil phase in the pore; the throat passage seepage and oil displacement effect of the blocked outlet is not obvious, and the driving force of replacing oil phase in the blocked throat passage with water phase is not enough to discharge the oil phase in the blind end. And calculating the pressure at the inlet of the blind end and describing a force field by combining real-time pressure monitoring data and the curvature radius of the oil-water interface close to the inlet of the blocked throat to obtain a mathematical model with the pore structure imbibition function of the blind end. The reagent required by the single experiment is 1-5mL, and compared with the reagent required by the single experiment of the macroscopic core experiment, the reagent dosage is reduced.
Claims (9)
1. A micro-fluidic chip for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat is characterized by comprising a transparent micro-fluidic chip body, wherein a main seepage channel (11) and at least two groups of pore structures are arranged in the micro-fluidic chip body, and each group of pore structures comprises a pore throat (12) and at least two throat channels (13) communicated with the pore throat (12); one end of one of the throats (13) in each group of pore structures is communicated with the main seepage channel (11), the other end of the throat is communicated with the pore throat (12), one end of the other throats in the pore structures is communicated with the pore throat (12), and the other end of the other throats in the pore structures is provided with a throat outlet (9) which can be opened or blocked; pore throat coordination numbers of the pore structures are different; an inlet (8) is arranged on the micro-fluidic chip body at the position corresponding to the main seepage channel (11).
2. The microfluidic chip for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main percolation channel (11) is rectangular in shape, the throat (13) is rectangular in cross section, and the pores (12) are cylindrical in shape.
3. The microfluidic chip for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length of the main percolation channel (11) is 500-1000 μm, the width is 100-300 μm, and the depth is 10-50 μm; the length of the throat (13) is 10-150 μm, the width of the cross section is 5-50 μm, and the height is 10-50 μm; the diameter of the pores (12) is 30-200 μm and the depth is 10-50 μm; the apertures of the inlet (8) and throat outlet (9) are 0.010-0.060 inches.
4. An experimental device for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of a micron-scale pore throat is characterized by comprising a micro-injection pump (1), an inverted microscope (2), a pressure sensor (7), a computer (4), a collecting device and the micro-fluidic chip (6) of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an outlet of the micro-injection pump (1) is connected with an inlet (8) through a connecting pipe, a throat outlet (9) is connected with the collecting device through a connecting pipe, and the pressure sensor (7) is arranged on the connecting pipe connecting the outlet and the inlet (8) of the micro-injection pump (1); the micro-fluidic chip (6) is arranged on an object stage of the inverted microscope (2), the inverted microscope (2) is connected with the camera (3), and the camera (3) and the pressure sensor (7) are both connected with the computer (4).
5. The experimental device for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat as claimed in claim 4, wherein the flow rate of the micro-injection pump (1) is in the range of 0.67 μ L/min-17 mL/min; the connecting tube had an inner diameter of 0.010 inch and an outer diameter of 0.030 inch.
6. An experimental method for researching coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat, which is carried out by using the experimental device of claim 4 or 5, and comprises the following steps:
s1, one injector of the micro-injection pump (1) is filled with deionized water, and the other injector is filled with simulation oil;
s2, connecting an injector provided with deionized water in the micro-injection pump (1) with an inlet (8) of the micro-fluidic chip (6), injecting the deionized water into the micro-fluidic chip (6) by the micro-injection pump (1) until a main seepage channel (11) and a pore structure in the micro-fluidic chip (6) are completely filled with water and have no bubbles and impurities, and simulating the establishment of the initial saturation of formation water;
s3, connecting an injector provided with simulated oil in the micro-injection pump (1) with an inlet (8) of the micro-fluidic chip (6), injecting the simulated oil into the micro-fluidic chip (6) by the micro-injection pump (1) until the oil saturation is not changed any more, and simulating the establishment of the initial oil saturation in the process;
s4, connecting an injector provided with deionized water in the micro-injection pump (1) with an inlet (8) of the micro-fluidic chip (6), injecting the deionized water into the micro-fluidic chip (6) by the micro-injection pump (1), replacing simulated oil in the main seepage channel (11) with the deionized water, and simulating the process of water injection development or the process of fracturing fluid entering the main seepage channel such as a main crack; when the main seepage channel (11) is filled with deionized water, the micro-flow injection pump (1) is closed, and the process is used for simulating a well closing or closing process;
s5, deionized water starts to enter the pore structure spontaneously, the camera (3) shoots the imbibition process, the pressure sensor (7) monitors the pressure change in the imbibition process, the camera (3) and the pressure sensor (7) transmit the acquired data to the computer (4), and when the oil saturation in the pore structure is not changed any more or the imbibition effect is stopped, the experiment is finished.
7. The experimental method for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore throat as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S4, at least one throat outlet (9) of one group of pore structures is blocked, the throat (13) with blocked outlet is called as dead-end pore, and the other throat outlets (9) are opened.
8. An experimental method for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore-throat as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein:
in S2, the flow rate of deionized water injected into the microfluidic chip (6) by the micro-injection pump (1) is 1-20 muL/min;
in S3, the flow rate of the simulation oil injected into the microfluidic chip (6) by the micro-injection pump (1) is 1-10 muL/min;
in S4, the flow rate of deionized water injected into the microfluidic chip (6) by the micro-injection pump (1) is 0.6-5 muL/min.
9. An experimental method for studying coordination number and imbibition efficiency of micron-scale pore-throat as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein:
after S5 is finished, sequentially injecting isopropanol, ethanol and deionized water into the microfluidic chip (6) by using the micro-injection pump (1) to wash the inside of the microfluidic chip (6) without simulation oil; and taking down the micro-fluidic chip (6), wiping the micro-fluidic chip (6) clean, and then putting the micro-fluidic chip into an oven for drying to remove water and organic matter residues.
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Application publication date: 20200515 |