CN108149119B - Solid solution reinforced high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy - Google Patents

Solid solution reinforced high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy Download PDF

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CN108149119B
CN108149119B CN201711207126.6A CN201711207126A CN108149119B CN 108149119 B CN108149119 B CN 108149119B CN 201711207126 A CN201711207126 A CN 201711207126A CN 108149119 B CN108149119 B CN 108149119B
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CN108149119A (en
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刘海定
王东哲
万红
黄国平
刘应龙
陈登华
唐瑞
王剑星
张栋
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Chongqing Materials Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid solution strengthening type high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy, which consists of elements such as Fe, Ni, Cr, Si, Al, Mn, C, N, V, Zr, Nb, Mg, Ca and the like, and is obtained by adopting a vacuum induction smelting and electroslag remelting duplex process for smelting, and then forging/hot rolling forming, solid solution heat treatment and other process methods. Compared with the existing similar heat-resistant alloy, the alloy of the invention has the same high strength and toughness and plasticity, better corrosion resistance and excellent oxidation resistance and carburization resistance. The alloy can be used as an outer protection tube of a temperature sensor and an important component in a furnace used in a high-temperature carbon-containing atmosphere, can also be made into other bars, plates and strips, and is used for manufacturing parts and tools in similar environments in the fields of chemical engineering, energy sources and the like.

Description

Solid solution reinforced high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material, in particular to a solid solution strengthening type high temperature oxygen and carbon resistant alloy.
Background
Temperature measurement in a combustion furnace is an important engineering technology, the temperature of a target area is accurately measured, and the method has important guiding significance for reaction process control and process parameter optimization. However, the changes of furnace atmosphere, temperature and pressure have great influence on the service life of the thermocouple protection tube, the service life of the alloy material protection tube used in the high-temperature furnace containing carbon atmosphere at present is very low, all properties are not ideal, and the alloy material protection tube needs to be replaced frequently, so that the utilization rate of equipment is seriously influenced. The harsh operating environment requires the alloy material to operate at high temperatures, in oxidizing and carburizing media, and for long periods of time under various stresses. Therefore, the materials are required to have good properties of carburization resistance, high-temperature creep rupture resistance, thermal fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.
In order to improve the performance of the alloy and prolong the service life of the alloy. Alloys for thermocouple protection tubes have undergone a progression from early stainless steels, such as 304, 309, 310, 321, 347, and the like, to iron-nickel based heat resistant alloys, such as 800/800H/800HT, 3YC52, and the like, to nickel based superalloys, such as Inconel, Haynes alloys.
The alloy component design is from simply increasing the content of Cr and Ni to increasingly paying attention to the action of micro-alloy elements (Si, Al, Cu, Ti, B, Re and the like), so that the use temperature of the material is continuously increased, and the oxidation resistance and the carburization resistance are also obviously improved. Such as iron-based carburization-resistant metal materials containing Si and Cu; high-temperature oxidation-resistant alloy cast steel taking chromium, silicon, aluminum, titanium, boron, rare earth and the like as main alloy elements; adding different trace elements into the alloy; a method for improving the performance of a pre-oxidized stainless steel material by adding a plurality of microalloy elements into the material and improving the austenite grain size through a heat treatment mode.
However, the above alloys and methods all have the disadvantages of relatively complicated production process, various added elements and high cost, and still cannot solve the problem of failure of the alloy material under the action of carbon-containing atmosphere and complicated stress, and the problem of short service life of the material is not obviously improved. On the other hand, when Ni and Cr are increased continuously, the high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of the nickel-based alloy are obviously improved, but the carburization resistance is poor, and the popularization and application of the nickel-based alloy are limited due to high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid solution reinforced high temperature oxidation and carburization resistant alloy, which improves the oxidation resistance and carburization resistance of an alloy material under the working condition, prolongs the service time of the material, and solves the problem of failure of a temperature thermocouple protection tube material in a carbon-containing atmosphere furnace. The alloy is used for manufacturing related tool tools in a combustion furnace, is particularly suitable for manufacturing thermocouple protection tubes for measuring temperature in the combustion furnace, and has a very good use effect particularly in a high-temperature furnace containing carbon and oxidizing atmosphere.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a solid solution strengthening type high temperature oxidation resistant and anti-carburizing alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.03-0.20%; si: 3.00-6.00%; mn: less than or equal to 0.5 percent; ni: 28.00-34.00%; cr: 20.00-26.00%; al: 0.30-1.50%; n: 0.05-0.20%; the sum of one or more of V, Zr and Nb: 0.05-0.10%; one or the sum of two of Mg and Ca: 0.01-0.10%; fe: and (4) the balance.
The alloy has the further technical scheme that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.04-0.185%; si: 3.30-5.65%; mn: less than or equal to 0.35 percent; ni: 29.00-32.50%; cr: 21.00 to 25.65 percent; al: 0.50-1.30%; n: 0.090-0.16%; the sum of one or more of V, Zr and Nb: 0.05-0.10%; one or the sum of two of Mg and Ca: 0.01-0.10%; fe: and (4) the balance.
The alloy has the further technical scheme that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.048 percent; si: 3.36 percent; mn: 0.19 percent; ni: 29.52 percent; cr: 21.95 percent; al: 0.84 percent; n: 0.092%; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.070%; sum of Mg and Ca: 0.014%; fe: and (4) the balance.
The alloy has the further technical scheme that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.125%; si: 4.06 percent; mn: 0.25 percent; ni: 33.50 percent; cr: 23.62 percent; al: 1.22 percent; n: 0.12 percent; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.096%; sum of Mg and Ca: 0.016 percent; fe: and (4) the balance.
The alloy has the further technical scheme that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.182 percent; si: 5.64 percent; mn: 0.32 percent; ni: 32.45 percent; cr: 25.65 percent; al: 0.58 percent; n: 0.16 percent; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.092%; sum of Mg and Ca: 0.010%; fe: and (4) the balance.
The solid solution strengthening type high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy is used for preparing a thermocouple protection tube of a high temperature combustion furnace.
The alloy components are smelted by a vacuum induction smelting and slag remelting duplex process, then are made into pipes, rods, plates and strips by forging, rolling, drawing and other deformation processes, and then are made into finished products by solution heat treatment, wherein the solution treatment is carried out in the atmosphere or protective atmosphere, the temperature is 980-1080 ℃, the temperature is kept for 0.5-1.5 h, and then the finished products are cooled to room temperature by water cooling or air cooling.
The main functions of the elements in the alloy are as follows:
fe: matrix elements, stabilizing the austenitic matrix.
Ni: is a matrix element necessary for obtaining a stable austenitic structure corresponding to the Cr content, and is also the basis for obtaining excellent corrosion resistance of the alloy. Further, C has a function of reducing the infiltration rate when it infiltrates into the metal material, and is the basis of the carburization resistance of the alloy at high temperatures. In addition, the high temperature strength of the metal structure is ensured. The Ni content in the material is 28.00-34.00%, when the Ni content is too low, a stable austenite matrix is difficult to obtain to dissolve Cr with high content, and when the Ni content is too high, the raw material cost of the alloy is increased.
Cr: in stainless steels, at least 12% or more of Cr should be present, and relatively high amounts of Cr may improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy, particularly in oxidizing media. At the same time, Cr is present at high temperatures2O3The formation of the oxide film is beneficial to protecting the further oxidation of the alloy and improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance. The Cr content in the material is 20.00-26.00%, and too high Cr content can deteriorate the processing property of the alloy.
Si:SiO2Can be in Cr2O3The lower layer of the protective scale layer forms Si-based scale which has strong oxidation resistance and heat resistance because of its small difference in lattice constant from α -Fe and gamma-Fe, close and strong bonding between the oxide and the unit cell at the boundary of the metal, tight adhesion of the scale to the metal, and no peeling even at high temperature3C in Fe3Si element is not dissolved and discharged when C is long, so that Fe3The periphery of C forms a high Si layer to prevent C from diffusing to carbide. Si can also stabilize epsilon-carbide and prevent the formation and growth of theta-carbide, and is very favorable for the carburization resistance of the alloy. The Si content of the material is 3.00-6.00%, and when the Si content is too low, the obtained beneficial effect is particularlyThe carburization resistance will be significantly reduced. When the content is too high, the workability of the alloy is deteriorated similarly to Cr.
Al: the addition of low Al content is generally performed in order to exert its deoxidizing effect. The Al content in the material is 0.30-1.50%, and certain content of Al element can react with Fe and Ni of a matrix to form intermetallic compounds with excellent performance. It has a rather low self-diffusion coefficient due to strong bond bonding and complex atomic arrangement, thereby achieving high creep resistance, higher high temperature strength. At the same time, Al2O3On the surface of the alloy and SiO2、Cr2O3The formed complex oxide film can further improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance. If the Al content is continuously increased, the smelting control difficulty of the alloy is increased on one hand, and the processing performance is not facilitated on the other hand.
Mn: in addition to having a deoxidizing ability, workability and weldability can be improved, and Mn is an austenite forming element and can enhance the stability of the austenite matrix. Mn of the material of the invention: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, and the blocking performance of the protective oxide scale layer to carburizing gas can be damaged by adding excessive Mn.
C: the austenite forming element can stabilize the austenite matrix, and the content of C in the material is 0.03-0.20%, so that the high-temperature strength of the alloy can be improved, and the material can be combined with Cr and the like to form carbide, thereby exerting the effect of improving the weldability. However, too high C content tends to form too many carbides, which results in poor Cr at the grain boundary and reduces the intergranular corrosion performance of the material.
N: in the material of the invention, N: 0.05-0.20%, and the proper amount of N content is beneficial to improving the high-temperature strength of the alloy, but when the content is too high, the control difficulty is increased, and the processability is also unfavorable.
V, Zr, Nb: the high-temperature strength of the alloy is favorably improved, and the Mg and the Ca are favorable for improving the hot working performance of the material. However, their content is too high, which may impair the weldability of the material.
Compared with the existing similar alloy, the alloy of the invention has excellent high-temperature mechanical property, high-temperature corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and better carburization resistance. The comparison alloy selects commercial iron-nickel-based alloy 1.4854 and GH1140 with Ni and Cr contents similar to those of the alloy in the EN 10095 and GB/T14992 standards respectively. 1.4854 and GH1140 data are from corresponding standards and materials manuals.
The alloy can be used in high-temperature carbon-containing atmosphere, is used for manufacturing related tool tools in a combustion furnace, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing thermocouple protection tubes of various high-temperature combustion furnaces. According to the characteristics of the components, the alloy also has excellent corrosion resistance in a medium with strong oxidizing property (such as concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like).
Detailed Description
The components in examples 1, 2, 3, 4 are as described in table 1:
the weight percentage content is%
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Example 1
Taking 100kg of the components in the embodiment 1, smelting alloy by vacuum induction, casting into a round bar with the diameter of 90mm, electroslag remelting into a steel ingot with the diameter of 160mm, forging into a round bar with the diameter of 80mm, machining the bar into a tube penetrating tube blank, hot rolling tube penetrating, tube drawing/rolling and solution heat treatment to obtain a seamless tube with the diameter of 27 × 2.5.5 mm, machining and welding to obtain a thermocouple protection tube, wherein the thermocouple protection tube is used for measuring the temperature in a special alloy forging heating furnace, the long-term use temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the service life is 48 months.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of taking 1000kg of the components in the embodiment 2, smelting alloy by vacuum induction, casting into a round bar with phi 170mm, electroslag remelting into a steel ingot with phi 300mm, drawing and forging into a round bar with phi 80mm by a rapid forging machine, machining into an extruded tube blank, hot-extruding tube penetration, drawing/rolling and solution heat treatment to obtain a seamless tube with phi 25 × 5.0.0 mm, machining and welding to obtain a thermocouple protection tube, wherein the thermocouple protection tube is used for measuring the temperature of a hearth of an incinerator, the use environment contains a large amount of chemical elements such as carbon, sulfur and the like, and the long-term working temperature is about 1100 ℃ and the service life is 12 months.
Example 3
The phi 25 × 5.0.0 protection tube prepared in example 2 is used for manufacturing a thermocouple for measuring the temperature in a coal chemical conversion furnace, the environment in the furnace is relatively clean, but the tube contains a certain amount of water vapor and oxygen, the pressure is about 2.0MPa, the long-term working temperature is about 1100 ℃, and the service life is 12 months.
Example 4
Taking the components in the embodiment 4, adopting vacuum induction melting alloy of 3000kg, casting into a round bar with the diameter of 300mm, remelting electroslag to form a steel ingot with the diameter of 500mm, forging and cogging, hot rolling and cold rolling plates to form plates with the diameter of delta 5 × 1000mm, hot rolling and cold drawing wires with the diameter of 5.0mm, finally manufacturing a material frame and a tray by mechanical manufacturing, welding, solution heat treatment and other processes, using the material frame and the tray for a tool in a special heat treatment furnace, wherein the atmosphere in the furnace is oxygen-rich atmosphere, the long-term working temperature is about 1000 ℃, and the service life is 24 months.
The mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of each example are shown in tables 1 and 2
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of the examples
Figure 544415DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
TABLE 2 antioxidant Properties of the examples
Figure 461555DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Note: the oxidation weight gain experiment was carried out in a common atmospheric resistance heat treatment furnace.

Claims (5)

1. A solid solution strengthening type high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.04-0.185%; si: 3.30-5.65%; mn: less than or equal to 0.35 percent; ni: 29.00-32.50%; cr: 21.00 to 25.65 percent; al: 0.50-1.30%; n: 0.090-0.16%; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.07-0.096%; one or the sum of two of Mg and Ca: 0.01-0.10%; fe: and (4) the balance.
2. The alloy of claim 1, wherein: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.048 percent; si: 3.36 percent; mn: 0.19 percent; ni: 29.52 percent; cr: 21.95 percent; al: 0.84 percent; n: 0.092%; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.070%; sum of Mg and Ca: 0.014%; fe: and (4) the balance.
3. The alloy of claim 1, wherein: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.125%; si: 4.06 percent; mn: 0.25 percent; ni: 33.50 percent; cr: 23.62 percent; al: 1.22 percent; n: 0.12 percent; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.096%; sum of Mg and Ca: 0.016 percent; fe: and (4) the balance.
4. The alloy of claim 1, wherein: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
c: 0.182 percent; si: 5.64 percent; mn: 0.32 percent; ni: 32.45 percent; cr: 25.65 percent; al: 0.58 percent; n: 0.16 percent; the sum of three elements of V, Zr and Nb: 0.092%; sum of Mg and Ca: 0.010%; fe: and (4) the balance.
5. Use of the solid solution strengthened high temperature oxidation resistant anti-carburizing alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of a thermocouple protection tube for a high temperature combustion furnace.
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