CN108145534A - A kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure - Google Patents
A kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
- B23Q17/2457—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces of tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/248—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and appraisal procedure, the laser ruler RLD including being fixed on Y-direction lathe bed emits and receives the laser of the speculum reflection through being fixed on Y-direction saddle, so as to detect the movement of lathe Y-direction；The laser ruler RLD for being fixed on saddle emits and receives the laser of the speculum reflection through being fixed on workbench, so as to detect the movement of lathe X-direction；The acceleration transducer being fixed on workbench, for detection workbench along the operational process of path in X, Y, the acceleration signal in Z-direction realizes the detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic；In detection process, vertical machining centre zero load constant speed total travel acceleration signal is decomposed into temporary impact signal and steady-state signal, the vertical machining centre speed of service is divided into three kinds of high speed, middling speed, low speed speed simultaneously, the characteristic index of extraction reflection vertical machining centre transient state and stable state of motion characteristic respectively realizes the quantitative evaluation of vertical machining centre operation characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to numerically-controlled machine tool operation characteristic detection techniques, and in particular to one kind is based on laser ruler and three-dimensional acceleration
Count vertical machining center operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure.
Background technology
Vertical machining centre is an accurate and complicated Mechatronic Systems, its precision is set by material selection, structure
The factors such as meter, manufacture installation, detection control and environment influence, and manufacture and control accuracy requirement are high.High-speed vertical is processed
Center movement characteristic research is to realize metal high speed, high-efficient cutting and the basis for improving workpiece surface processing quality, operation characteristic
Detection not only can also embody mechanical structure with assessment come the moving situation of key mechanism when reflecting vertical machining centre operating
With the degree of cooperation of control system, have great importance to the processing efficiency and precision that ensure numerically-controlled machine tool.But due to vertical
Machining center is mostly closed loop, half-closed loop control, and inner space is relatively limited, in continuous movement, meanwhile, the fortune of mechanical part
It moves by position and the Serve Motor Control of speed, operation detection is made to become particularly difficult.
It is mostly in the prior art to be the displacement that the offer of its built-in sensors is provided for digital control system in open type, speed and watch
The data such as motor are taken, is handled and is analyzed.Patent No. disclosed in Xi'an Communications University：CN201210116183.4 is to be directed to
Digital control system in open type is assessed by acquiring motor torque signal come the runnability to Machine Tool Feeding System.Do not examine
Consider semiclosed loop machining center, while the more difficult acquisition of its motor torque signal, acquisition is more difficult, larger by environmental factor.
Laser ruler can be installed far from axis is measured, quick for installation so as to eliminate the potential heat source in machine operation region, and easily
In collimation, the error of separate sources can be reduced to greatest extent, so as to fulfill full accuracy.
For three-dimensional accelerometer is compared to other acceleration transducers, any position can be detected simultaneously in X, Y, Z tri-
The acceleration signal in direction.
The detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and assessment are carried out based on laser ruler and three-dimensional accelerometer, not only solved
Semiclosed loop lathe end running position obtains difficult problem, considers semiclosed loop machining center, while its motor torque signal is easier to obtain
, acquisition is more convenient, and not by such environmental effects, and relative to other external sensors, the present invention is mountable to stand
Formula machining center workbench, convenient disassembly and avoid external environment interference.
Invention content
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on laser ruler and acceleration
The vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection of meter and appraisal procedure, pass through the platen position signal and lathe to acquisition
Workbench operational process is in X, Y, and the acceleration signal in Z-direction is object, is filtered by signal de-noising, signal decomposition and feature
The operation characteristic quantitative evaluation of vertical machining centre unloaded constant speed total travel at various speeds is realized in the calculating of index.
To achieve these goals, the purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposals.
A kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure, this method are included using based on laser ruler and three-dimensional
The vertical machining center operation characteristic of accelerometer is detected, by the acceleration under vertical machining centre zero load constant speed total travel
Signal decomposition is transient signal and steady-state signal, and extraction respectively reflects that the feature of vertical machining centre transient state and steady-state behaviour refers to
Mark realizes the assessment of vertical machining centre operation characteristic, including：
Step 1, it is detected based on laser ruler and the vertical machining center operation characteristic of three-dimensional accelerometer：
S101, respectively obtain workbench in X direction, the position signal of Y-direction and workbench along the operational process of path
X, Y, the vibration signal in Z-direction；
S102, X, the Y-axis difference unidirectional motion of vertical machining centre, laser ruler RLD emit and receive speculum reflection
Laser signal, the signal of acquisition is by cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile it is fixed in the detection X-axis operational process of the three-dimensional acceleration transducer on workbench on X, Y, Z-direction
Vibration signal AXX(ti)、AYX(ti) and AZX(ti)；
Step 2, the signal obtained by step 1 is assessed come vertical machining center operation characteristic：
S201, setting vertical machining centre allow the high speed, middling speed and low speed parameter value of no-load running speed；
S202 using multi-channel data acquisition unit, obtains a certain feed shaft of vertical machining centre at high, medium and low three kinds
Position signal in unloaded constant speed total travel two-way process and any position under speed are in X, the acceleration on tri- directions of Y, Z
Spend signal AX(ti), AY(ti), AZ(ti), wherein tiFor sampling instant；
S203, according to step 1 using the acceleration signal of feed shaft transient phases during the motion as transient signal,
Filtered processing calculates acceleration signal amplitude threshold after Fourier transform, determines transient signal amplitude threshold index value, and by its
As vertical machining centre transient phases operation characteristic feature；
S204 can determine in the feed shaft motion process stable state to travel at the uniform speed at the beginning of the stage and carves t according to step 1w1With
Finish time twn, n be steady-state process sampling number, the acceleration signal A to the workbench any position acquiredX(ti), AY
(ti), AZ(ti), handled by noise reduction filtering, Fourier transform analysis signal in place frequently under changing rule, to low speed and middling speed
Acceleration signal after lower noise reduction carries out low frequency bandpass filtering, and the acceleration signal to high speed after lower noise reduction carries out low-pass filtering；
S205 to filtered signal after window function is handled, carries out double integral, in position field in time domain respectively
The signal under low speed, middling speed, high speed is inside subjected to data fusion respectively, so as to obtain the vertical machining centre feed shaft in its fortune
Steady-state signal drift index value on dynamic direction, and in this, as vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature；
S206 compares the operation characteristic characteristic value of different vertical machining centres, if transient state when transient phases start and stop commutate
Signal amplitude threshold index value is smaller, shows that transient phases operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better；If data
Steady-state signal drift index value after fusion is smaller, shows that steady-state process operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is got over
It is good.
Further, in the step S101, step is as follows：
S1011 is being provided with saddle on lathe bed, is sent out by a laser ruler RLD1 being fixed on the lathe bed of Y-direction
The laser of the speculum reflection through being fixed on Y-direction saddle is penetrated and received, so as to detect the movement of lathe Y-direction, obtains workbench
Along the position signal of Y-direction；
S1012 is being provided with saddle on lathe bed, emits and receives by another laser ruler RLD for being fixed on X-direction
The laser of speculum reflection through being fixed on workbench, so as to detect lathe X to movement, obtain workbench in X direction
Position signal；
Acceleration transducer is fixed on workbench by S1013, so as to detect workbench along the operational process of path X,
Y, the vibration signal in Z-direction.
Further, in the step S102, include the following steps：
S1021, the X-axis of vertical machining centre obtain command signal and start unidirectional motion, are fixed on the laser ruler of saddle
RLD emits and receives the laser signal of speculum reflection being fixed on workbench, and the signal of acquisition is arrived by cable transmission
Data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer on workbench is fixed on, it detects in X-axis operational process in X, Y, in Z-direction
Vibration signal AXX(ti), AYX(ti), AZX(ti)；
S1022, similarly, the Y-axis of vertical machining centre start unidirectional motion obtaining command signal, are fixed on lathe bed
(11) laser ruler RLD (1) emits and receives the laser signal of speculum reflection being fixed on saddle, and the signal of acquisition passes through
Cable transmission is to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer on workbench is fixed on, it detects in Y-axis operational process in X, Y, in Z-direction
Vibration signal AXY(ti), AYY(ti), AZY(ti)。
Further, in the step 1021, the signal of acquisition includes acquiring a position every certain time interval Δ t
Signal obtains t1, t2, t3 ..., tnPosition signal x1, x2, x3 ... corresponding to moment, xn；It can obtain the arbitrary neighborhood moment
tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement be Vxn=xn-xn-1, VxnChanges phase is transient phases, starts to change the moment and terminates to become
It is respectively to carve t at the beginning of first transient phases to change the moment1sWith finish time t1g；Its last variation moment and end change
Moment is respectively to carve t at the beginning of second transient phases2sWith finish time t2g；Vxn＞ 0 and VxnThe constant stage is stable state
Stage respectively carves t at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of starting constant and at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Further, in the step 1022, a position signal is acquired every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1,
T2, t3 ..., tnPosition signal y1, y2, y3 ... corresponding to moment, yn；It can obtain arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between should be into
It is Vy to axial displacementn=yn-yn-1, VynChanges phase is transient phases, starts to change the moment and the end variation moment is respectively
T is carved at the beginning of first transient phases1sWith finish time t1e；Its last variation moment and to terminate the variation moment be respectively the
T is carved at the beginning of two transient phases2sWith finish time t2e；Vyn＞ 0 and VynThe constant stage is steady-state process, is started not
T respectively is carved at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of change and at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Further, in the step 2-S201, setting vertical machining centre allows no-load running speed as Vmax, then it is high
Speed VfastIt represents, Vfast=Vmax；Middling speed VmodIt represents, Vmod=Vmax/5；Low speed VlowIt represents, Vlow=Vmod/5。
Further, in the step 2-S203, transient phases refer to lathe start and stop, commutation phase, beginning and end moment
Use tsAnd tgIt represents；Calculating acceleration signal amplitude threshold Δ A after the filtered processing, Fourier transform is：
Using X-axis movement as,
In formula, Δ AXX(tT) for the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in X-axis motion process, Δ AYX(tT) it is X
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZX(tT) exist for acceleration signal in X-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process；
Similarly, Y-axis, which moves, is,
In formula, Δ AXY(tT) for the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in Y-axis motion process, Δ AYY(tT) it is Y
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZY(tT) exist for acceleration signal in Y-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；
Then have,
In formula, transient signal amplitude threshold index values of the Δ A for vertical machining centre, Δ AXFor transient state in X-axis motion process
Signal amplitude threshold index value, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process.
Further, in the step 2-S205, to filtered signal after window function is handled, respectively in time domain into
The formula of row double integral is as follows：
In formula, acceleration values of the A (ξ) for steady-state process any time, EiFor the shift value that quadratic integral obtains, t1It is steady
Start time in state stage, tnFor steady-state process finish time.
Further, in the step 2-S205, the calculation formula of vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature is such as
Under：
When X-axis moves, it is：
In formula, EXX-fast, EXX-mod, EXX-lowRespectively at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in X-direction displacement,
EXXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in X-direction displacement；EYX-fast, EYX-mod, EYX-lowRespectively at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed
Steady-state signal displacement in the Y direction, EYXFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion；EZX-fast, EZX-mod, EZX-low
Steady-state signal is in Z-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedZXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction position
Shifting amount；EXSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for X-axis；
Similarly, when Y-axis moves, it is：
In formula, EXY-fast, EXY-mod, EXY-lowRespectively at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in X-direction displacement,
EXYFor steady-state signal X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYY-fast, EYY-mod, EYY-lowIt is respectively steady under high speed, middling speed and low speed
State signal displacement in the Y direction, EYYFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion, EZY-fast, EZY-mod, EZY-lowPoint
Not Wei at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZYIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction displacement
Amount, EYSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for Y-axis.
Vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection provided by the invention and appraisal procedure, not only solve semiclosed loop lathe end
Running position signal acquisition difficulty problem is held, and relative to other external sensors, the present invention is mountable in vertical processing
Heart workbench, convenient disassembly and avoid external environment interference, detection and assessment for vertical machining centre operation characteristic provide
New thinking, has the characteristics that：
1. vertical machining centre is controlled to carry out unloaded constant speed total travel experiment under high, medium and low speed respectively, driving is eliminated
Motor output torque is influenced with friction torque caused by mechanical part, ensure that the reasonable of vertical machining centre speed of service analysis
Property.
2. using the multichannel of multi-channel data acquisition unit while acquisition and data communication facility, it can detect and obtain simultaneously
The acceleration signal in three directions of operating position signal and acceleration transducer is taken, ensure that data reliability, easy side
Method.
3. detecting working table movement position in real time with laser ruler, while acceleration signal is carried out with the position signal obtained
Calibration extracts the characteristic index of unstable state stage and steady-state process operation characteristic from acceleration signal, realizes operation characteristic
Detection and quantitative evaluation.
4. it can carry out operation characteristic before and after same vertical machining centre optimization longitudinally to compare, different vertical machining centre fortune
Row characteristic can carry out across comparison, and foundation is provided to improve vertical machining centre running precision and reliability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the hardware connection composition schematic diagram of signal acquisition of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection of the present invention and the signal analysis process figure of appraisal procedure.
In figure, 1. laser ruler RLD- I, 2. speculums I, 3. speculum mounting bases I, 4. speculum mounting bases II, 5. reflections
Mirror II, 6. workbench, 7. laser ruler RLD- II, 8. acceleration transducers, 9. laser ruler mounting bases, 10. saddles, 11. lathe beds.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but is not intended as doing any limit to invention
The foundation of system.
With reference to Fig. 1, this gives the mounting structure schematic diagram of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection device,
One saddle 10 on lathe bed 11 is housed, a workbench 6 is housed on saddle 10, a speculum mounting base I 3 is fixed on Y-direction saddle
On 10, a speculum I 2 is fixed in speculum mounting base I 3；One laser ruler RLD- I 1 is fixed on to the lathe bed 11 of Y-direction
On；Another speculum II 5 is fixed in speculum mounting base II 4, speculum mounting base II 4 is fixed on workbench 6, it will
Another laser ruler RLD- II 7 is fixed on laser rod support 9, and laser rod support 9 is fixed on saddle 10.On workbench 6 also
Installation is there are one acceleration transducer 8, for detecting workbench 6 along the operational process of path in X, Y, and the vibration letter in Z-direction
Number.
It is detected, included the following steps based on the vertical machining centre operation characteristic of laser ruler and accelerometer using above-mentioned：
S101, a speculum I 2 is fixed in speculum mounting base I 3, and speculum mounting base I 3 is fixed on Y-direction saddle
On 10, a laser ruler RLD- I 1 is fixed on the lathe bed 11 of Y-direction, laser ruler RLD- I 1 emits and receives through being fixed on Y
The laser that speculum I 2 on saddle 10 reflects, so as to detect the movement of lathe Y-direction, obtains position of the workbench 6 along Y-direction
Signal；
S102, another speculum II 5 is fixed in speculum mounting base II 4, and speculum mounting base II 4 is fixed on work
Make on platform 6, another laser ruler RLD- II 7 is fixed on laser rod support 9, laser rod support 9 is fixed on saddle 10, laser
Ruler RLD- II 7, which emits, simultaneously receives the laser that speculum II 5 through being fixed on workbench 6 reflects, so as to detect lathe X to fortune
It is dynamic, obtain the position signal of workbench 6 in X direction；
Acceleration transducer 8 is fixed on workbench 6 by S103, so as to detect workbench 6 along the operational process of path
X, Y, the vibration signal in Z-direction；
S104, the X-axis of vertical machining centre obtain command signal and start unidirectional motion, are fixed on the laser ruler of saddle 10
RLD- II 7 emits and receives the laser signal of the reflection of speculum II 5 being fixed on workbench 6, and the signal of acquisition is by electricity
Cable is transferred to data acquisition device, acquires a position signal every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1, t2, t3 ..., tn
Position signal x1, x2, x3 ... corresponding to moment, xn；It can obtain arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement be
Vxn=xn-xn-1, VxnChanges phase is transient phases, and it is respectively first transient state to start variation moment and end variation moment
T is carved at the beginning of stage1sWith finish time t1g；Its last variation moment and end variation moment are respectively second transient state rank
T is carved at the beginning of section2sWith finish time t2g；Vxn＞ 0 and VxnThe constant stage be steady-state process, at the time of starting constant and
T respectively is carved at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer 8 on workbench 6 is fixed on, it detects in X-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXX(ti), AYX(ti), AZX(ti)。
S105, similarly, the Y-axis of vertical machining centre start unidirectional motion obtaining command signal, are fixed on lathe bed 11
Laser ruler RLD- I 1 emit and receive the laser signal that the speculum I 2 that is fixed on saddle 10 reflects, the signal of acquisition passes through
Cable transmission acquires a position signal to data acquisition device, every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1, t2, t3 ...,
tnPosition signal y1, y2, y3 ... corresponding to moment, yn；It can obtain arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement
For Vyn=yn-yn-1, VynChanges phase is transient phases, and it was respectively the first wink to start variation moment and end variation moment
State carves t at the beginning of the stage1sWith finish time t1e；Its last variation moment and end variation moment are respectively second transient state
T is carved at the beginning of stage2sWith finish time t2e；Vyn＞ 0 and VynThe constant stage is steady-state process, at the time of starting constant
With respectively carve t at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer 8 on workbench 6 is fixed on, it detects in Y-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXY(ti), AYY(ti), AZY(ti)。
With reference to shown in Fig. 2, this gives the connection diagram of above device, for being acquired to signal with dividing
Analysis.
With reference to shown in Fig. 3, this gives stood using above-mentioned vertical machining centre operation characteristic testing result
Formula machining center operation characteristic appraisal procedure, includes the following steps：
The vertical machining centre speed of service is divided into three kinds of high speed, middling speed and low speed speed, by the sky under these three speed
Carry constant speed total travel acceleration signal be decomposed into transient signal and steady-state signal, respectively extraction reflection vertical machining centre transient state with
The characteristic index of stable state of motion performance, so as to fulfill vertical machining centre operation characteristic quantitative evaluation, including：
S201, setting vertical machining centre allow the high speed, middling speed and low speed parameter value of no-load running speed：It is assuming that vertical
Formula machining center allows no-load running speed maximum value to be Vmax, then at a high speed under speed of service VfastIt represents, Vfast=
Vmax, the speed of service V under middling speedmodIt represents, Vmod=Vmax/ 5, the speed of service V under low speedlowIt represents, Vlow=
Vmod/5；
S202 using multi-channel data acquisition unit, obtains a certain feed shaft of vertical machining centre at high, medium and low three kinds
Position signal in unloaded constant speed total travel two-way process and any position under speed are in X, the acceleration on tri- directions of Y, Z
Spend signal AX(ti), AY(ti), AZ(ti), wherein tiFor sampling instant；
S203, according to step 1 using the acceleration signal of feed shaft transient phases during the motion as transient signal,
Filtered processing calculates acceleration signal amplitude threshold after Fourier transform, determines transient signal amplitude threshold index value, and by its
As vertical machining centre transient phases operation characteristic feature：
X-axis moves,
In formula, Δ AXX(tT) for the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in X-axis motion process, Δ AYX(tT) it is X
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZX(tT) exist for acceleration signal in X-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process；
Similarly, Y-axis, which moves, is,
In formula, Δ AXY(tT) for the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in Y-axis motion process, Δ AYY(tT) it is Y
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZY(tT) exist for acceleration signal in Y-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；Then have,
In formula, Δ A is the transient signal amplitude threshold index value of vertical machining centre,
ΔAXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process,
ΔAYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；
S204 according to S203, determines in the feed shaft motion process stable state to travel at the uniform speed at the beginning of the stage and carves t1And knot
Beam moment tn(n is steady-state process sampling number), the acceleration signal A to the workbench any position acquiredX(ti), AY
(ti), AZ(ti), handled by noise reduction filtering, Fourier transform analysis signal in place frequently under changing rule, to low speed and middling speed
Acceleration signal after lower noise reduction carries out low frequency bandpass filtering, and the acceleration signal to high speed after lower noise reduction carries out low-pass filtering；
S205 to filtered signal after window function is handled, carries out double integral in time domain respectively：
In formula, acceleration values of the A (ξ) for steady-state process any time, EiFor the shift value that quadratic integral obtains, t1It is steady
Start time in state stage, tnFor steady-state process finish time；
The signal under low speed, middling speed, high speed is subjected to data fusion respectively in position field, so as to obtain in vertical processing
Steady-state signal drift index value of the heart feed shaft in its direction of motion, and transported in this, as vertical machining centre steady-state process
Row property feature：When X-axis moves, it is：
In formula, EXX-fast, EXX-mod, EXX-lowRespectively at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in X-direction displacement,
EXXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in X-direction displacement；EYX-fast, EYX-mod, EYX-lowRespectively at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed
Steady-state signal displacement in the Y direction, EYXFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion；EZX-fast, EZX-mod, EZX-low
Steady-state signal is in Z-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedZXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction position
Shifting amount；EXSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for X-axis；
Similarly, when Y-axis moves, it is：
In formula, EXY-fast, EXY-mod, EXY-lowRespectively at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in X-direction displacement,
EXYFor steady-state signal X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYY-fast, EYY-mod, EYY-lowIt is respectively steady under high speed, middling speed and low speed
State signal displacement in the Y direction, EYYFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion, EZY-fast, EZY-mod, EZY-lowPoint
Not Wei at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZYIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction displacement
Amount, EYSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for Y-axis；
S206 compares the operation characteristic characteristic value of different vertical machining centres, if transient state when transient phases start and stop commutate
Signal amplitude threshold index value is smaller, shows that transient phases operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better；If data
Steady-state signal drift index value after fusion is smaller, shows that steady-state process operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is got over
It is good.
The invention is not limited in above-described embodiments, on the basis of technical solution disclosed by the invention, the skill of this field
For art personnel according to disclosed technology contents, one can be made to some of which technical characteristic by not needing to performing creative labour
A little to replace and deform, these are replaced and deformation is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that：This method is included using based on sharp
Light ruler and the vertical machining center operation characteristic of three-dimensional accelerometer are detected, by vertical machining centre zero load constant speed total travel
Under acceleration signal be decomposed into transient signal and steady-state signal, extraction reflection vertical machining centre transient state and steady-state behaviour respectively
Characteristic index, realize the assessment of vertical machining centre operation characteristic, including：
Step 1, it is detected based on laser ruler and the vertical machining center operation characteristic of three-dimensional accelerometer：
S101, respectively obtain workbench in X direction, the position signal of Y-direction and workbench along the operational process of path in X, Y, Z
Vibration signal on direction；
S102, X, the Y-axis difference unidirectional motion of vertical machining centre, laser ruler RLD emit and receive swashing for speculum reflection
Optical signal, the signal of acquisition is by cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the vibration on X, Y, Z-direction is fixed in the detection X-axis operational process of the three-dimensional acceleration transducer on workbench
Signal AXX(ti)、AYX(ti) and AZX(ti)；
Step 2, the signal obtained by step 1 is assessed come vertical machining center operation characteristic：
S201, setting vertical machining centre allow the high speed, middling speed and low speed parameter value of no-load running speed；
S202 using multi-channel data acquisition unit, obtains a certain feed shaft of vertical machining centre in high, medium and low three kinds of speed
Under unloaded constant speed total travel two-way process in position signal and any position be in X, the acceleration letter on tri- directions of Y, Z
Number AX(ti), AY(ti), AZ(ti), wherein tiFor sampling instant；
S203 according to step 1 using the acceleration signal of feed shaft transient phases during the motion as transient signal, passes through
Acceleration signal amplitude threshold is calculated after filtering process, Fourier transform, determines transient signal amplitude threshold index value, and as
Vertical machining centre transient phases operation characteristic feature；
S204 can determine in the feed shaft motion process stable state to travel at the uniform speed at the beginning of the stage and carves t according to step 1w1And end
Moment twn, n be steady-state process sampling number, the acceleration signal A to the workbench any position acquiredX(ti), AY
(ti), AZ(ti), handled by noise reduction filtering, Fourier transform analysis signal in place frequently under changing rule, to low speed and middling speed
Acceleration signal after lower noise reduction carries out low frequency bandpass filtering, and the acceleration signal to high speed after lower noise reduction carries out low-pass filtering；
S205 to filtered signal after window function is handled, carries out double integral in time domain respectively, divides in position field
Not by low speed, at a high speed middling speed, lower signal progress data fusion, so as to obtain the vertical machining centre feed shaft in its movement side
Upward steady-state signal drift index value, and in this, as vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature；
S206 compares the operation characteristic characteristic value of different vertical machining centres, if transient signal when transient phases start and stop commutate
Amplitude threshold index value is smaller, shows that transient phases operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better；If data fusion
Steady-state signal drift index value afterwards is smaller, shows that steady-state process operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better.
2. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step S101, step is as follows：
S1011 is being provided with saddle (10) on lathe bed (11), is passing through the laser on a lathe bed for being fixed on Y-direction (11)
Ruler RLD- I (1) emits and receives the laser of speculum I (2) reflection through being fixed on Y-direction saddle (10), so as to detect lathe Y
To movement, obtain position signal of the workbench (6) along Y-direction；
S1012 is being provided with saddle (10) on lathe bed (11), the laser ruler RLD- II (7) of X-direction is fixed on by another
Emit and receive through being fixed on workbench (6) speculum II (5) reflection laser, so as to detect lathe X to movement, obtain
To the position signal of workbench (6) in X direction；
Acceleration transducer (8) is fixed on workbench (6) by S1013, so as to detect workbench (6) along path operational process
In vibration signal in the X, Y, Z direction.
3. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step S102, includes the following steps：
S1021, the X-axis of vertical machining centre obtain command signal and start unidirectional motion, are fixed on the laser ruler of saddle (10)
RLD- II (7) emits and receives the laser signal of speculum II (5) reflection being fixed on workbench (6), the signal of acquisition
By cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer (8) on workbench (6) is fixed on, it detects in X-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXX(ti), AYX(ti), AZX(ti)；
S1022, similarly, the Y-axis of vertical machining centre start unidirectional motion obtaining command signal, are fixed on lathe bed (11)
Laser ruler RLD- I (1) emits and receives the laser signal of speculum I (2) reflection being fixed on saddle (10), the signal of acquisition
By cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer (8) on workbench (6) is fixed on, it detects in Y-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXY(ti), AYY(ti), AZY(ti)。
4. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 3 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 1021, the signal of acquisition includes acquiring a position signal every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1, t2,
t3,…,tnPosition signal x1, x2, x3 ... corresponding to moment, xn；It can obtain arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding
Axial displacement is Vxn=xn-xn-1, VxnChanges phase is transient phases, and it is respectively the to start to change the moment and terminate the variation moment
T is carved at the beginning of one transient phases1sWith finish time t1g；Its last variation moment and end variation moment are respectively second
T is carved at the beginning of a transient phases2sWith finish time t2g；Vxn＞ 0 and VxnThe constant stage is steady-state process, is started constant
At the time of and terminate constant at the time of respectively carve t at the beginning of steady-state processw1With finish time twn。
5. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 3 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 1022, acquires a position signal every certain time interval Δ t, obtain t1, t2, t3 ..., tnMoment, institute was right
The position signal y1, y2, y3 ... answered, yn；It can obtain arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement be Vyn=yn-
yn-1, VynChanges phase is transient phases, and it is respectively first transient phases to start variation moment and end variation moment
Start time t1sWith finish time t1e；Its last variation moment and to terminate the variation moment be respectively opening for second transient phases
Begin moment t2sWith finish time t2e；Vyn＞ 0 and VynThe constant stage is steady-state process, at the time of starting constant and is terminated not
T respectively is carved at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of changew1With finish time twn。
6. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 2-S201, setting vertical machining centre allows no-load running speed as Vmax, then V is used at a high speedfastIt represents, Vfast=
Vmax；Middling speed VmodIt represents, Vmod=Vmax/5；Low speed VlowIt represents, Vlow=Vmod/5。
7. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 2-S203, transient phases refer to lathe start and stop, commutation phase, and the beginning and end moment uses tsAnd tgIt represents；The warp
Calculating acceleration signal amplitude threshold Δ A is after crossing filtering process, Fourier transform：
Using X-axis movement as,
In formula, Δ AXX(tT) for the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in X-axis motion process, Δ AYX(tT) transported for X-axis
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction during dynamic, Δ AZX(tT) it is acceleration signal in X-axis motion process in Z side
Upward amplitude difference, Δ AXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process；
Similarly, Y-axis, which moves, is,
In formula, Δ AXY(tT) for the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in Y-axis motion process, Δ AYY(tT) transported for Y-axis
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction during dynamic, Δ AZY(tT) it is acceleration signal in Y-axis motion process in Z side
Upward amplitude difference, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；
Then have,
In formula, transient signal amplitude threshold index values of the Δ A for vertical machining centre, Δ AXFor transient signal width in X-axis motion process
It is worth threshold index value, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process.
8. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 2-S205, to filtered signal after window function is handled, carries out the formula of double integral in time domain respectively
It is as follows：
In formula, acceleration values of the A (ξ) for steady-state process any time, EiFor the shift value that quadratic integral obtains, t1For stable state rank
Section start time, tnFor steady-state process finish time.
9. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step 2-S205, the calculation formula of vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature is as follows：
When X-axis moves, it is：
In formula, EXX-fast, EXX-mod, EXX-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedXXFor
Steady-state signal is in X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYX-fast, EYX-mod, EYX-lowRespectively stable state under high speed, middling speed and low speed
Signal displacement in the Y direction, EYXFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion；EZX-fast, EZX-mod, EZX-lowRespectively
Be at a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction displacement；
EXSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for X-axis；
Similarly, when Y-axis moves, it is：
In formula, EXY-fast, EXY-mod, EXY-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedXYFor
Steady-state signal X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYY-fast, EYY-mod, EYY-lowRespectively stable state is believed under high speed, middling speed and low speed
Number in the Y direction displacement, EYYFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion, EZY-fast, EZY-mod, EZY-lowRespectively
At a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZYIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction displacement, EY
Steady-state signal drift index value when being moved for Y-axis.
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