CN108145534B - A kind of detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and appraisal procedure - Google Patents
A kind of detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and appraisal procedure Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and appraisal procedure, the laser ruler RLD including being fixed on Y-direction lathe bed emits and receives the laser of the reflecting mirror reflection through being fixed on Y-direction saddle, to detect the movement of lathe Y-direction；The laser ruler RLD for being fixed on saddle emits and receives the laser of the reflecting mirror reflection through being fixed on workbench, to detect the movement of lathe X-direction；The acceleration transducer being fixed on the worktable, detects workbench along the operational process of path in X, Y, and the acceleration signal in Z-direction realizes the detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic；In the detection process, vertical machining centre zero load constant speed total travel acceleration signal is decomposed into temporary impact signal and steady-state signal, the vertical machining centre speed of service is divided into three kinds of high speed, middling speed, low speed speed simultaneously, the characteristic index for extracting reflection vertical machining centre transient state and stable state of motion characteristic respectively, realizes the quantitative evaluation of vertical machining centre operation characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to numerically-controlled machine tool operation characteristic detection techniques, and in particular to one kind is based on laser ruler and three-dimensional acceleration
Count vertical machining center operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure.
Background technique
Vertical machining centre is an accurate and complicated Mechatronic Systems, its precision is set by material selection, structure
The factors such as meter, manufacture installation, detection control and environment influence, and manufacture and control accuracy requirement are high.High-speed vertical processing
Center movement characteristic research is to realize metal high speed, high-efficient cutting and the basis for improving workpiece surface processing quality, operation characteristic
Detection not only can also embody mechanical structure with assessment come the moving situation of key mechanism when reflecting vertical machining centre operating
With the degree of cooperation of control system, have great importance to the processing efficiency and precision that guarantee numerically-controlled machine tool.But due to vertical
Machining center is mostly closed loop, half-closed loop control, and inner space is relatively limited, in continuous movement, meanwhile, the fortune of mechanical part
The dynamic Serve Motor Control by position and speed makes operation detection become particularly difficult.
It is mostly in the prior art to be the displacement that the offer of its built-in sensors is provided for digital control system in open type, speed and watch
The data such as motor are taken, is handled and is analyzed.Patent No. disclosed in Xi'an Communications University: CN201210116183.4 is to be directed to
Digital control system in open type assesses the runnability of Machine Tool Feeding System by acquisition motor torque signal.Do not examine
Consider semiclosed loop machining center, while the more difficult acquisition of its motor torque signal, acquisition is more difficult, larger by environmental factor.
Laser ruler can be installed far from measurement axis, so that the potential heat source in machine operation region is eliminated, it is quick for installation, and easily
In collimation, the error of separate sources can be reduced to greatest extent, to realize full accuracy.
For three-dimensional accelerometer is compared to other acceleration transducers, any position can be detected simultaneously in X, Y, Z tri-
The acceleration signal in direction.
The detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and assessment are carried out based on laser ruler and three-dimensional accelerometer, is not only solved
Semiclosed loop lathe end running position obtains difficult problem, considers semiclosed loop machining center, while its motor torque signal is easier to obtain
, acquisition is more convenient, and not by such environmental effects, and relative to other external sensors, the present invention is mountable to stand
Formula machining center workbench, convenient disassembly and avoid external environment interference.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on laser ruler and acceleration
The vertical machining centre operation characteristic of meter detects and appraisal procedure, passes through the platen position signal and lathe to acquisition
Workbench operational process is in X, Y, and the acceleration signal in Z-direction is object, passes through signal de-noising filtering, signal decomposition and feature
The operation characteristic quantitative evaluation of vertical machining centre unloaded constant speed total travel at various speeds is realized in the calculating of index.
To achieve the goals above, the purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposals.
A kind of detection of vertical machining centre operation characteristic and appraisal procedure, this method include using being based on laser ruler and three-dimensional
The vertical machining center operation characteristic of accelerometer is detected, by the acceleration under vertical machining centre zero load constant speed total travel
Signal decomposition is transient signal and steady-state signal, extracts reflection vertical machining centre transient state respectively and the feature of steady-state performance refers to
Mark realizes the assessment of vertical machining centre operation characteristic, comprising:
Step 1, it is detected based on laser ruler and the vertical machining center operation characteristic of three-dimensional accelerometer:
S101, respectively obtain workbench in X direction, the position signal of Y-direction and workbench along the operational process of path
X, Y, the vibration signal in Z-direction；
S102, the X of vertical machining centre, Y-axis distinguish unidirectional motion, and laser ruler RLD emits and receives reflecting mirror reflection
Laser signal, the signal of acquisition is by cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile in X in the three-dimensional acceleration transducer detection X-axis operational process being fixed on the worktable, Y, in Z-direction
Vibration signal AXX(ti)、AYX(ti) and AZX(ti)；
Step 2, it is assessed by the signal that step 1 obtains come vertical machining center operation characteristic:
S201 sets high speed, middling speed and the low speed parameter value of the allowed idle running speed of vertical machining centre；
S202 obtains a certain feed shaft of vertical machining centre at high, medium and low three kinds using multi-channel data acquisition unit
Position signal in unloaded constant speed total travel two-way process and any position under speed are in X, the acceleration on tri- directions Y, Z
Spend signal AX(ti), AY(ti), AZ(ti), wherein tiFor sampling instant；
S203, according to step 1 using the acceleration signal of feed shaft transient phases during the motion as transient signal,
By filtering processing, calculate acceleration signal amplitude threshold after Fourier transform, determine transient signal amplitude threshold index value, and by its
As vertical machining centre transient phases operation characteristic feature；
S204 can determine in the feed shaft motion process that stable state travels at the uniform speed t at the beginning of the stage according to step 1w1With
Finish time twn, n is steady-state process sampling number, to the acceleration signal A of workbench any position collectedX(ti), AY
(ti), AZ(ti), handled by noise reduction filtering, Fourier transform analysis signal in place frequently under changing rule, to low speed and middling speed
Acceleration signal after lower noise reduction carries out low frequency bandpass filtering, carries out low-pass filtering to the acceleration signal after the lower noise reduction of high speed；
S205 carries out double integral, in position field to filtered signal after window function is handled in time domain respectively
The signal under low speed, middling speed, high speed is inside subjected to data fusion respectively, to obtain the vertical machining centre feed shaft in its fortune
Steady-state signal drift index value on dynamic direction, and in this, as vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature；
S206 compares the operation characteristic characteristic value of different vertical machining centres, if transient state when transient phases start and stop commutate
Signal amplitude threshold index value is smaller, shows that transient phases operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better；If data
Fused steady-state signal drift index value is smaller, shows that steady-state process operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is got over
It is good.
Further, in the step S101, steps are as follows:
S1011 is being provided with saddle on lathe bed, is sent out by a laser ruler RLD1 being fixed on the lathe bed of Y-direction
It penetrates and the laser for receiving the reflecting mirror reflection through being fixed on Y-direction saddle obtains workbench to detect the movement of lathe Y-direction
Along the position signal of Y-direction；
S1012 is being provided with saddle on lathe bed, emits and receives by another laser ruler RLD for being fixed on X-direction
The laser of reflecting mirror reflection through being fixed on the worktable, thus detect lathe X to movement, obtain workbench in X direction
Position signal；
Acceleration transducer is fixed on the worktable by S1013, thus detect workbench along the operational process of path X,
Y, the vibration signal in Z-direction.
Further, in the step S102, include the following steps:
S1021, the X-axis of vertical machining centre obtain command signal and start unidirectional motion, are fixed on the laser ruler of saddle
RLD emits and receives the laser signal for the reflecting mirror reflection being fixed on workbench, and the signal of acquisition is arrived by cable transmission
Data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer being fixed on the worktable, it detects in X-axis operational process in X, Y, in Z-direction
Vibration signal AXX(ti), AYX(ti), AZX(ti)；
S1022, similarly, the Y-axis of vertical machining centre start unidirectional motion obtaining command signal, are fixed on lathe bed
(11) laser ruler RLD (1) emits and receives the laser signal for the reflecting mirror reflection being fixed on saddle, and the signal of acquisition passes through
Cable transmission is to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile the three-dimensional acceleration transducer being fixed on the worktable, it detects in Y-axis operational process in X, Y, in Z-direction
Vibration signal AXY(ti), AYY(ti), AZY(ti)。
Further, in the step 1021, the signal of acquisition includes acquiring a position every certain time interval Δ t
Signal obtains t1, t2, t3 ..., tnPosition signal x1, x2, x3 ..., x corresponding to momentn；The available arbitrary neighborhood moment
tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement be Vxn=xn-xn-1, VxnChanges phase is transient phases, starts to change the moment and terminates to become
Changing the moment is respectively t at the beginning of first transient phases1sWith finish time t1g；Its last variation moment and end variation
Moment is respectively t at the beginning of second transient phases2sWith finish time t2g；Vxn> 0 and VxnThe constant stage is stable state
Stage, t respectively at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of starting constant and at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Further, in the step 1022, a position signal is acquired every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1,
T2, t3 ..., tnPosition signal y1, y2, y3 ..., y corresponding to momentn；Available arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between should be into
It is Vy to axial displacementn=yn-yn-1, VynChanges phase is transient phases, starts to change the moment and the end variation moment is respectively
T at the beginning of first transient phases1sWith finish time t1e；Its last variation moment and to terminate the variation moment be respectively the
T at the beginning of two transient phases2sWith finish time t2e；Vyn> 0 and VynThe constant stage is steady-state process, is started not
T respectively at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of change and at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Further, in the step 2-S201, the allowed idle running speed of vertical machining centre is set as Vmax, then high
Speed VfastIt indicates, Vfast=Vmax；Middling speed VmodIt indicates, Vmod=Vmax/5；Low speed VlowIt indicates, Vlow=Vmod/5。
Further, in the step 2-S203, transient phases refer to lathe start and stop, commutation phase, beginning and end moment
Use tsAnd tgIt indicates；It is described that acceleration signal amplitude threshold Δ A is calculated after filtering processing, Fourier transform are as follows:
It is with X-axis movement,
In formula, Δ AXX(tT) it is the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in X-axis motion process, Δ AYX(tT) it is X
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZX(tT) it is that acceleration signal exists in X-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process；
Similarly, Y-axis, which moves, is,
In formula, Δ AXY(tT) it is the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in Y-axis motion process, Δ AYY(tT) it is Y
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZY(tT) it is that acceleration signal exists in Y-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；
Then have,
In formula, Δ A is the transient signal amplitude threshold index value of vertical machining centre, Δ AXFor transient state in X-axis motion process
Signal amplitude threshold index value, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process.
Further, in the step 2-S205, to filtered signal after window function is handled, respectively in time domain into
The formula of row double integral is as follows:
In formula, A (ξ) is the acceleration value of steady-state process any time, EiFor the shift value that quadratic integral obtains, t1It is steady
Start time in state stage, tnFor steady-state process finish time.
Further, in the step 2-S205, the calculation formula of vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature is such as
Under:
When X-axis moves, are as follows:
In formula, EXX-fast, EXX-mod, EXX-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speed,
EXXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in X-direction displacement；EYX-fast, EYX-mod, EYX-lowRespectively under high speed, middling speed and low speed
Steady-state signal displacement in the Y direction, EYXFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion；EZX-fast, EZX-mod, EZX-low
Steady-state signal is in Z-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedZXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction position
Shifting amount；EXSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for X-axis；
Similarly, when Y-axis moves, are as follows:
In formula, EXY-fast, EXY-mod, EXY-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speed,
EXYFor steady-state signal X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYY-fast, EYY-mod, EYY-lowIt is respectively steady under high speed, middling speed and low speed
State signal displacement in the Y direction, EYYFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion, EZY-fast, EZY-mod, EZY-lowPoint
Not Wei under high speed, middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZYIt is displaced for steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction
Amount, EYSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for Y-axis.
Vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection provided by the invention and appraisal procedure not only solve semiclosed loop lathe end
Running position signal acquisition difficulty problem is held, and relative to other external sensors, the present invention is mountable in vertical processing
Heart workbench, convenient disassembly and avoid external environment interference, provided for the detection and assessment of vertical machining centre operation characteristic
New thinking, has the following characteristics that
1. control vertical machining centre carries out unloaded constant speed total travel experiment under high, medium and low speed respectively, driving is eliminated
Friction torque caused by motor output torque and mechanical part influences, and ensure that the reasonable of vertical machining centre speed of service analysis
Property.
2. the multichannel of utilization multi-channel data acquisition unit acquires simultaneously and data communication facility, it can detect and obtain simultaneously
The acceleration signal for taking three directions of operating position signal and acceleration transducer, ensure that data reliability, easy side
Method.
3. using laser ruler real-time detection working table movement position, while acceleration signal is carried out with the position signal obtained
Calibration extracts the characteristic index in unstable state stage and steady-state process operation characteristic from acceleration signal, realizes operation characteristic
Detection and quantitative evaluation.
4. same vertical machining centre optimization front and back is able to carry out operation characteristic and longitudinally compares, different vertical machining centre fortune
Row characteristic is able to carry out across comparison, provides foundation to improve vertical machining centre running precision and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the hardware connection composition schematic diagram of signal acquisition of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the signal analysis flow chart diagram of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure of the present invention.
In figure, 1. laser ruler RLD- I, 2. reflecting mirrors I, 3. reflecting mirror mounting bases I, 4. reflecting mirror mounting bases II, 5. reflections
Mirror II, 6. workbench, 7. laser ruler RLD- II, 8. acceleration transducers, 9. laser ruler mounting bases, 10. saddles, 11. lathe beds.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but is not intended as doing invention any limit
The foundation of system.
Referring to Fig.1, this gives the mounting structure schematic diagram of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection device,
One saddle 10 is housed on lathe bed 11, a workbench 6 is housed on saddle 10, a reflecting mirror mounting base I 3 is fixed on Y-direction saddle
On 10, a reflecting mirror I 2 is fixed in reflecting mirror mounting base I 3；One laser ruler RLD- I 1 is fixed on to the lathe bed 11 of Y-direction
On；Another reflecting mirror II 5 is fixed in reflecting mirror mounting base II 4, reflecting mirror mounting base II 4 is fixed on workbench 6, it will
Another laser ruler RLD- II 7 is fixed on laser rod support 9, and laser rod support 9 is fixed on saddle 10.On workbench 6 also
One acceleration transducer 8 is installed, for detecting workbench 6 along the operational process of path in X, Y, the vibration letter in Z-direction
Number.
It is detected, is included the following steps: based on the vertical machining centre operation characteristic of laser ruler and accelerometer using above-mentioned
S101, a reflecting mirror I 2 is fixed in reflecting mirror mounting base I 3, and reflecting mirror mounting base I 3 is fixed on Y-direction saddle
On 10, a laser ruler RLD- I 1 is fixed on the lathe bed 11 of Y-direction, laser ruler RLD- I 1 emits and receives through being fixed on Y
The laser that reflecting mirror I 2 on saddle 10 reflects obtains workbench 6 along the position of Y-direction to detect the movement of lathe Y-direction
Signal；
S102, another reflecting mirror II 5 is fixed in reflecting mirror mounting base II 4, and reflecting mirror mounting base II 4 is fixed on work
Make on platform 6, another laser ruler RLD- II 7 is fixed on laser rod support 9, laser rod support 9 is fixed on saddle 10, laser
Ruler RLD- II 7, which emits, simultaneously receives the laser that reflecting mirror II 5 through being fixed on workbench 6 reflects, thus detect lathe X to fortune
It is dynamic, obtain the position signal of workbench 6 in X direction；
Acceleration transducer 8 is fixed on workbench 6 by S103, thus detect workbench 6 along the operational process of path
X, Y, the vibration signal in Z-direction；
S104, the X-axis of vertical machining centre obtain command signal and start unidirectional motion, are fixed on the laser ruler of saddle 10
RLD- II 7 emits and receives the laser signal that the reflecting mirror II 5 being fixed on workbench 6 reflects, and the signal of acquisition is by electricity
Cable is transferred to data acquisition device, acquires a position signal every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1, t2, t3 ..., tn
Position signal x1, x2, x3 ..., x corresponding to momentn；Available arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement be
Vxn=xn-xn-1, VxnChanges phase is transient phases, and starting variation moment and end variation moment is respectively first transient state
T at the beginning of stage1sWith finish time t1g；Its last variation moment and end variation moment are respectively second transient state rank
T at the beginning of section2sWith finish time t2g；Vxn> 0 and VxnThe constant stage be steady-state process, at the time of starting constant and
T respectively at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Meanwhile it being fixed on the three-dimensional acceleration transducer 8 on workbench 6, it detects in X-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXX(ti), AYX(ti), AZX(ti)。
S105, similarly, the Y-axis of vertical machining centre start unidirectional motion obtaining command signal, are fixed on lathe bed 11
Laser ruler RLD- I 1 emit and receive the laser signal that the reflecting mirror I 2 that is fixed on saddle 10 reflects, the signal of acquisition passes through
Cable transmission acquires a position signal to data acquisition device, every certain time interval Δ t, obtains t1, t2, t3 ...,
tnPosition signal y1, y2, y3 ..., y corresponding to momentn；Available arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement
For Vyn=yn-yn-1, VynChanges phase is transient phases, and starting variation moment and end variation moment was respectively the first wink
T at the beginning of the state stage1sWith finish time t1e；Its last variation moment and end variation moment are respectively second transient state
T at the beginning of stage2sWith finish time t2e；Vyn> 0 and VynThe constant stage is steady-state process, at the time of starting constant
With t respectively at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
Meanwhile it being fixed on the three-dimensional acceleration transducer 8 on workbench 6, it detects in Y-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXY(ti), AYY(ti), AZY(ti)。
Referring to shown in Fig. 2, this gives the connection schematic diagrams of above-mentioned apparatus, for signal is acquired and is divided
Analysis.
Referring to shown in Fig. 3, this gives stood using above-mentioned vertical machining centre operation characteristic testing result
Formula machining center operation characteristic appraisal procedure, comprising the following steps:
The vertical machining centre speed of service is divided into three kinds of high speed, middling speed and low speed speed, by the sky under these three speed
Carry constant speed total travel acceleration signal be decomposed into transient signal and steady-state signal, respectively extract reflection vertical machining centre transient state with
The characteristic index of stable state of motion performance, to realize vertical machining centre operation characteristic quantitative evaluation, comprising:
S201 sets high speed, middling speed and the low speed parameter value of the allowed idle running speed of vertical machining centre: assuming that vertical
The allowed idle running speed maximum value of formula machining center is Vmax, then high speed under speed of service VfastIt indicates, Vfast=
Vmax, speed of service V under middling speedmodIt indicates, Vmod=Vmax/ 5, the speed of service V under low speedlowIt indicates, Vlow=
Vmod/5；
S202 obtains a certain feed shaft of vertical machining centre at high, medium and low three kinds using multi-channel data acquisition unit
Position signal in unloaded constant speed total travel two-way process and any position under speed are in X, the acceleration on tri- directions Y, Z
Spend signal AX(ti), AY(ti), AZ(ti), wherein tiFor sampling instant；
S203, according to step 1 using the acceleration signal of feed shaft transient phases during the motion as transient signal,
By filtering processing, calculate acceleration signal amplitude threshold after Fourier transform, determine transient signal amplitude threshold index value, and by its
As vertical machining centre transient phases operation characteristic feature:
X-axis moves,
In formula, Δ AXX(tT) it is the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in X-axis motion process, Δ AYX(tT) it is X
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZX(tT) it is that acceleration signal exists in X-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process；
Similarly, Y-axis, which moves, is,
In formula, Δ AXY(tT) it is the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in Y-axis motion process, Δ AYY(tT) it is Y
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction, Δ A in axis motion processZY(tT) it is that acceleration signal exists in Y-axis motion process
Amplitude difference in Z-direction, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；Then have,
In formula, Δ A is the transient signal amplitude threshold index value of vertical machining centre,
ΔAXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process,
ΔAYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；
S204 determines in the feed shaft motion process that stable state travels at the uniform speed t at the beginning of the stage according to S2031And knot
Beam moment tn(n is steady-state process sampling number), to the acceleration signal A of workbench any position collectedX(ti), AY
(ti), AZ(ti), handled by noise reduction filtering, Fourier transform analysis signal in place frequently under changing rule, to low speed and middling speed
Acceleration signal after lower noise reduction carries out low frequency bandpass filtering, carries out low-pass filtering to the acceleration signal after the lower noise reduction of high speed；
S205 carries out double integral to filtered signal after window function is handled in time domain respectively:
In formula, A (ξ) is the acceleration value of steady-state process any time, EiFor the shift value that quadratic integral obtains, t1It is steady
Start time in state stage, tnFor steady-state process finish time；
The signal under low speed, middling speed, high speed is subjected to data fusion respectively in position field, to obtain in vertical processing
Steady-state signal drift index value of the heart feed shaft in its direction of motion, and transported in this, as vertical machining centre steady-state process
Row property feature: when X-axis moves, are as follows:
In formula, EXX-fast, EXX-mod, EXX-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speed,
EXXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in X-direction displacement；EYX-fast, EYX-mod, EYX-lowRespectively under high speed, middling speed and low speed
Steady-state signal displacement in the Y direction, EYXFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion；EZX-fast, EZX-mod, EZX-low
Steady-state signal is in Z-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedZXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction position
Shifting amount；EXSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for X-axis；
Similarly, when Y-axis moves, are as follows:
In formula, EXY-fast, EXY-mod, EXY-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speed,
EXYFor steady-state signal X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYY-fast, EYY-mod, EYY-lowIt is respectively steady under high speed, middling speed and low speed
State signal displacement in the Y direction, EYYFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion, EZY-fast, EZY-mod, EZY-lowPoint
Not Wei under high speed, middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZYIt is displaced for steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction
Amount, EYSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for Y-axis；
S206 compares the operation characteristic characteristic value of different vertical machining centres, if transient state when transient phases start and stop commutate
Signal amplitude threshold index value is smaller, shows that transient phases operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better；If data
Fused steady-state signal drift index value is smaller, shows that steady-state process operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is got over
It is good.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, on the basis of technical solution disclosed by the invention, the skill of this field
For art personnel according to disclosed technology contents, one can be made to some of which technical characteristic by not needing creative labor
A little replacements and deformation, these replacements and deformation are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection and appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that: this method includes using based on sharp
Light ruler and the vertical machining center operation characteristic of three-dimensional accelerometer are detected, by vertical machining centre zero load constant speed total travel
Under acceleration signal be decomposed into transient signal and steady-state signal, extract reflection vertical machining centre transient state and steady-state performance respectively
Characteristic index, realize vertical machining centre operation characteristic assessment, comprising:
Step 1, it is detected based on laser ruler and the vertical machining center operation characteristic of three-dimensional accelerometer:
S101, respectively obtain workbench in X direction, the position signal of Y-direction and workbench along the operational process of path in X, Y, Z
Vibration signal on direction；
S102, the X of vertical machining centre, Y-axis distinguish unidirectional motion, and laser ruler RLD emits and receives swashing for reflecting mirror reflection
Optical signal, the signal of acquisition is by cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile in X in the three-dimensional acceleration transducer detection X-axis operational process being fixed on the worktable, Y, the vibration in Z-direction
Signal AXX(ti)、AYX(ti) and AZX(ti)；
Step 2, it is assessed by the signal that step 1 obtains come vertical machining center operation characteristic:
S201 sets high speed, middling speed and the low speed parameter value of the allowed idle running speed of vertical machining centre；
S202 obtains a certain feed shaft of vertical machining centre in high, medium and low three kinds of speed using multi-channel data acquisition unit
Under unloaded constant speed total travel two-way process in position signal and any position be in X, acceleration on tri- directions Y, Z letter
Number AX(ti), AY(ti), AZ(ti), wherein tiFor sampling instant；
S203 passes through according to step 1 using the acceleration signal of feed shaft transient phases during the motion as transient signal
Filtering processing calculates acceleration signal amplitude threshold after Fourier transform, determines transient signal amplitude threshold index value, and as
Vertical machining centre transient phases operation characteristic feature；
S204 can determine in the feed shaft motion process that stable state travels at the uniform speed t at the beginning of the stage according to step 1w1And end
Moment twn, n is steady-state process sampling number, to the acceleration signal A of workbench any position collectedX(ti), AY
(ti), AZ(ti), handled by noise reduction filtering, Fourier transform analysis signal in place frequently under changing rule, to low speed and middling speed
Acceleration signal after lower noise reduction carries out low frequency bandpass filtering, carries out low-pass filtering to the acceleration signal after the lower noise reduction of high speed；
S205 carries out double integral to filtered signal after window function is handled in time domain respectively, divides in position field
That low speed, middling speed, high speed is not lower signal progress data fusion, to obtain the vertical machining centre feed shaft in its movement side
Upward steady-state signal drift index value, and in this, as vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature；
S206 compares the operation characteristic characteristic value of different vertical machining centres, if transient signal when transient phases start and stop commutate
Amplitude threshold index value is smaller, shows that transient phases operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better；If data fusion
Steady-state signal drift index value afterwards is smaller, shows that steady-state process operation characteristic of the feed shaft in its direction of motion is better.
2. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step S101, steps are as follows:
S1011 is being provided with saddle (10) on lathe bed (11), the laser being fixed on the lathe bed (11) of Y-direction by one
Ruler RLD- I (1) emits and receives the laser of reflecting mirror I (2) reflection through being fixed on Y-direction saddle (10), to detect lathe Y
To movement, obtain workbench (6) along the position signal of Y-direction；
S1012 is being provided with saddle (10) on lathe bed (11), the laser ruler RLD- II (7) of X-direction is fixed on by another
Emit and receive be fixed on workbench (6) reflecting mirror II (5) reflection laser, thus detect lathe X to movement, obtain
To the position signal of workbench (6) in X direction；
Acceleration transducer (8) is fixed on workbench (6) by S1013, to detect workbench (6) along path operational process
In vibration signal in the X, Y, Z direction.
3. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step S102, includes the following steps:
S1021, the X-axis of vertical machining centre obtain command signal and start unidirectional motion, are fixed on the laser ruler of saddle (10)
RLD- II (7) emits and receives the laser signal for reflecting mirror II (5) reflection being fixed on workbench (6), the signal of acquisition
By cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile it being fixed on the three-dimensional acceleration transducer (8) on workbench (6), it detects in X-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXX(ti), AYX(ti), AZX(ti)；
S1022, similarly, the Y-axis of vertical machining centre start unidirectional motion obtaining command signal, are fixed on lathe bed (11)
Laser ruler RLD- I (1) emits and receives the laser signal for reflecting mirror I (2) reflection being fixed on saddle (10), the signal of acquisition
By cable transmission to data acquisition device；
Meanwhile it being fixed on the three-dimensional acceleration transducer (8) on workbench (6), it detects in Y-axis operational process in X, Y, Z-direction
On vibration signal AXY(ti), AYY(ti), AZY(ti)。
4. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 3 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step S1021, the signal of acquisition includes acquiring a position signal every certain time interval Δ t, t1, t2 are obtained,
t3,…,tnPosition signal x1, x2, x3 ..., x corresponding to momentn；Available arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding
Axial displacement is Δ xn=xn-xn-1, Δ xnChanges phase is transient phases, starts to change the moment and the end variation moment is respectively
T at the beginning of first transient phases1sWith finish time t1g；Its last variation moment and to terminate the variation moment be respectively the
T at the beginning of two transient phases2sWith finish time t2g；Δxn> 0 and Δ xnThe constant stage is steady-state process, is started
T respectively at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of constant and at the time of terminating constantw1With finish time twn。
5. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 3 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step S1022, acquires a position signal every certain time interval Δ t, obtain t1, t2, t3 ..., tnMoment institute
Corresponding position signal y1, y2, y3 ..., yn；Available arbitrary neighborhood moment tn,tn-1Between the feeding axial displacement be Δ yn=
yn-yn-1, Δ ynChanges phase is transient phases, and starting variation moment and end variation moment is respectively first transient phases
At the beginning of t1sWith finish time t1e；Its last variation moment and end variation moment are respectively second transient phases
Start time t2sWith finish time t2e；Δyn> 0 and Δ ynThe constant stage is steady-state process, at the time of starting constant and knot
T respectively at the beginning of steady-state process at the time of beam is constantw1With finish time twn。
6. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in the S201 of step 2, sets the allowed idle running speed of vertical machining centre as Vmax, then V is used at a high speedfastIt indicates, Vfast
=Vmax；Middling speed VmodIt indicates, Vmod=Vmax/5；Low speed VlowIt indicates, Vlow=Vmod/5。
7. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in the S203 of step 2, transient phases refer to lathe start and stop, commutation phase, and the beginning and end moment uses tsAnd tgIt indicates；It is described
Acceleration signal amplitude threshold Δ A is calculated after filtering processing, Fourier transform are as follows:
It is with X-axis movement,
In formula, Δ AXX(tT) it is the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in X-axis motion process, Δ AYX(tT) it is that X-axis is transported
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction during dynamic, Δ AZX(tT) it is acceleration signal in X-axis motion process in the side Z
Upward amplitude difference, Δ AXFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in X-axis motion process；
Similarly, Y-axis, which moves, is,
In formula, Δ AXY(tT) it is the amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the X direction in Y-axis motion process, Δ AYY(tT) it is that Y-axis is transported
The amplitude difference of acceleration signal in the Y direction during dynamic, Δ AZY(tT) it is acceleration signal in Y-axis motion process in the side Z
Upward amplitude difference, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process；
Then have,
In formula, Δ A is the transient signal amplitude threshold index value of vertical machining centre, Δ AXFor transient signal width in X-axis motion process
It is worth threshold index value, Δ AYFor transient signal amplitude threshold index value in Y-axis motion process.
8. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in the S205 of step 2, to filtered signal after window function is handled, carries out the formula of double integral in time domain respectively
It is as follows:
In formula, A (ξ) is the acceleration value of steady-state process any time, EiFor the shift value that quadratic integral obtains, t1For stable state rank
Section start time, tnFor steady-state process finish time.
9. a kind of vertical machining centre operation characteristic detection according to claim 1 and appraisal procedure, which is characterized in that institute
It states in the S205 of step 2, the calculation formula of vertical machining centre steady-state process operation characteristic feature is as follows:
When X-axis moves, are as follows:
In formula, EXX-fast, EXX-mod, EXX-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedXXFor
Steady-state signal is in X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYX-fast, EYX-mod, EYX-lowRespectively stable state under high speed, middling speed and low speed
Signal displacement in the Y direction, EYXFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion；EZX-fast, EZX-mod, EZX-lowRespectively
It is steady-state signal under high speed, middling speed and low speed in Z-direction displacement, EZXIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction displacement；
EXSteady-state signal drift index value when being moved for X-axis；
Similarly, when Y-axis moves, are as follows:
In formula, EXY-fast, EXY-mod, EXY-lowSteady-state signal is in X-direction displacement, E respectively under high speed, middling speed and low speedXYFor
Steady-state signal X-direction displacement after data fusion；EYY-fast, EYY-mod, EYY-lowRespectively stable state is believed under high speed, middling speed and low speed
Number in the Y direction displacement, EYYFor the displacement in the Y direction of steady-state signal after data fusion, EZY-fast, EZY-mod, EZY-lowRespectively
At a high speed, under middling speed and low speed steady-state signal in Z-direction displacement, EZYIt is steady-state signal after data fusion in Z-direction displacement, EY
Steady-state signal drift index value when being moved for Y-axis.
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| CN109635399A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-16 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of adding window Integral Transformation method of vibration acceleration signal |
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