CN108136134A - 具有可缩回针头的注射器 - Google Patents

具有可缩回针头的注射器 Download PDF

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CN108136134A
CN108136134A CN201580081708.7A CN201580081708A CN108136134A CN 108136134 A CN108136134 A CN 108136134A CN 201580081708 A CN201580081708 A CN 201580081708A CN 108136134 A CN108136134 A CN 108136134A
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spring
piston
needle
syringe
spring spool
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CN108136134B (zh
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屠可望
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Sun Jinjin
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Dmc Medical Equipment Co Ltd
GUANGZHOU INTMED MEDICAL APPLIANCE CO Ltd
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    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
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    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
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    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/322—Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
    • A61M5/3234—Fully automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle does not require a deliberate action by the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M2005/31508—Means for blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston provided on the piston-rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有可缩回针头的注射器，所述注射器包括具有集成在阳路厄适配器元件(26)中的管口(19)的筒(2)；可滑动地布置在所述筒(2)中并联接到密封元件(16)的活塞(3)，所述密封元件(16)具有中心通道(20)；针头组件，所述针头组件包括针头(4)，针头保持器(6)以及阴路厄适配器元件(7)；布置在所述活塞(3)中的弹簧组件，所述弹簧组件包括弹簧套筒(12)，安装在所述弹簧套筒(12)上的弹簧(13)，位于所述弹簧套筒(12)上并由活塞壁保持就位的弹簧张紧元件(14)，以及安装在所述弹簧套筒内的柱塞(15)；以及活塞帽(10)；所述活塞(3)借助于所述弹簧张紧元件(14)联接到所述密封元件(16)；所述弹簧套筒(12)通过从所述活塞(3)的内壁突出并支撑所述弹簧套筒(12)的近端的环元件(18)在所述活塞(3)内保持就位，所述弹簧套筒延伸到所述密封元件(16)的通道(20)内到达其远端；所述弹簧套筒(12)在其远端处包括在内侧上的圆形突起(21)，所述圆形突起设计成接合所述针头保持器(6)的近端处的圆形凹陷(22)；其中所述活塞(3)包括在其内表面上的保持环(11)，所述保持环设计成在所述弹簧(13)的致动之后与所述弹簧套筒(12)的外凸缘(17)接合。

Description

具有可缩回针头的注射器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有可缩回针头的注射器，所述注射器包括具有集成在阳路厄适配器元件中的管口的筒；可滑动地布置在所述筒中并联接到密封元件的活塞，所述密封元件具有中心通道；
针头组件，所述针头组件包括针头，针头保持器以及阴路厄适配器元件；
布置在所述活塞中的弹簧组件，所述弹簧组件包括弹簧套筒，安装在所述弹簧套筒上的弹簧，可滑动地位于所述弹簧套筒上并由活塞壁保持就位的弹簧张紧元件，以及安装在所述弹簧套筒内的柱塞；
以及活塞帽；
所述活塞借助于所述弹簧张紧元件联接到所述密封元件；
所述弹簧套筒通过从所述活塞的内壁突出并支撑所述弹簧套筒的近端的环元件在所述活塞内保持就位，所述弹簧套筒延伸到所述密封元件的通道内到达其远端；
所述弹簧套筒在其远端处包括在内侧上的圆形突起，所述圆形突起设计成接合所述针头保持器的近端处的圆形凹陷；
其中在活塞的前进位置对其施加压力导致所述弹簧套筒和所述针头保持器的接合以及所述弹簧套筒的释放，因此致动所述弹簧并且缩回所述针头保持器和所述针头。
背景技术
单向注射器是本领域中已知的并且出于安全原因而开发，即避免在感染患者使用后可能被污染的注射器的再使用，并且避免在注射程序之后在抛弃之前与使用过的暴露针头/注射器接触的人的意外伤害。使注射器不可再使用的一种被认可的方式是包括针头的缩回机构，即在注射之后，针头缩回到注射器中。这通常需要弹簧机构和致动器，所述致动器在致动时缩回具有针头的针头保持器。
在许多美国专利中已描述了具有可缩回针头的注射器，包括US5,632,733；6,090,077；7,351,224和8,636,688。所有这些专利描述注射器，其中弹簧机构布置在筒的远侧部分(突出部)中。该布置具有某些缺点，即增加了缩回机构的密封问题和空间消耗。
从CN 102 824 672A已知一种具有可缩回针头的注射器，其大体上对应于如上所述的本注射器，但是具有将针头锁定在路厄接头内并且在缩回之后锁定在注射器内的某些问题。由于引导和支撑不足，本装置中使用的压缩弹簧倾向于倾斜。
因此，根本的问题在于关于针头在注射器处和内的安装和固定以及弹簧元件的性能改进CN 102 824 672中公开的注射器。
发明内容
因此，本发明涉及一种如上面在引言部分中所述的注射器，其特征在于活塞包括在其内表面上的保持环，所述保持环设计成在所述弹簧的致动之后与所述弹簧套筒的外凸缘接合。
而且，所述针头保持器包括在其远侧部段中的圆形突起以将所述针头保持器固定在所述阳路厄适配器元件内。
所述弹簧元件包括在端部处具有至少一个环元件并且优选地在中间部段中以及在每个端部处具有两个相邻的环元件的压缩弹簧，所述环元件垂直于所述弹簧的中心线延伸。
在随后的描述中，术语“远侧”指的是注射器的针头端，并且术语“近侧”指的是手柄端。
本注射器包括筒，活塞和针头组件。筒是圆筒形式的典型注射器筒，具有在远端处的突出部或管口和围绕管口的路厄螺纹。优选地，管口是集成到螺纹中的阳路厄圆锥(路厄锁)。
在筒内，活塞可滑动地布置并且联接到密封元件，所述密封元件可以由橡胶元件或具有橡胶弹性的塑料元件形成。密封元件抵靠筒壁密封并且具有中心通道。密封元件借助于连接器连接到活塞，所述连接器同时用作弹簧张紧元件。
活塞容纳弹簧组件，所述弹簧组件包括弹簧套筒，安装在弹簧套筒上的弹簧，位于弹簧套筒上并由活塞壁保持就位的弹簧张紧元件，以及安装在弹簧套筒内的柱塞。弹簧套筒是具有凸缘的管状元件，所述凸缘在近端处向外突出，并且所述管状元件延伸到密封元件的通道中，并且终止于所述通道的远侧出口。弹簧套筒的近侧凸缘在其近端处支撑弹簧。弹簧张紧元件的近端用作弹簧的对置承载，因此在致动缩回机构之前将弹簧保持在张紧状态。
弹簧套筒用其近端抵靠在设在活塞的内壁处的平环上，使得其保持就位，除非施加在活塞上的压力迫使弹簧套筒越过该环。
位于弹簧套筒上靠近其远端部分的张紧元件由活塞的远端保持就位，活塞的远端包括在外部的两个突出环，环之间的凹陷与弹簧张紧元件上的相应突起配合。
注射器针头是针头组件的一部分，所述针头组件包括针头，针头保持器和阴路厄适配器，优选阴路厄锁部件。针头保持器是管状元件，针头用其近端插入所述管状元件中并且针头优选地借助于粘合剂固定到所述管状元件。针头保持器具有近端，所述近端敞开以允许注射器的流体内容物进入针头并且注入到患者中。在针头保持器的近端处设有用于接合缩回装置(即，弹簧套筒的远端)的圆形凹陷。
针头保持器插入阴路厄适配器元件中并且通过摩擦固定在其中。为了改善座装并且避免与路厄适配器的过早分离，针头在靠近远端的区域中具有圆形突起或环，其通过将针头保持器安装到路厄适配器元件中而被压缩。针头组件的阴路厄适配器或路厄锁以常规方式连接到筒的阳路厄适配器或锁。
本发明的注射器的活塞容纳弹簧组件或缩回机构，其包括弹簧套筒，安装在弹簧套筒上的弹簧，可滑动地位于弹簧套筒上的弹簧张紧元件，以及安装在弹簧套筒内的柱塞。如上所述，弹簧套筒固定在活塞的内壁处。通常为压缩弹簧的弹簧围绕弹簧套筒，并且在弹簧套筒的近端处的凸缘和弹簧张紧元件的近端之间保持在其压缩状态。弹簧在弹簧套筒的外壁和活塞的内壁之间被引导。
弹簧张紧元件在弹簧套筒的远侧部分围绕弹簧套筒，并且通过活塞在其远端处的突起与弹簧套筒保持紧密接触，所述突起与弹簧张紧元件的近端处的相应元件接合。
柱塞布置在弹簧套筒的远侧部分内并且用弹簧套筒的台阶和保持环之间的外凸缘固定在其中。柱塞也用作附加密封元件以防止注射器的内容物流动到活塞中。
活塞借助于常规的帽闭合。
密封元件借助于弹簧张紧元件联接到活塞，所述弹簧张紧元件具有在远端和近端处的圆形突起，所述圆形突起与密封元件和活塞处的相应凹陷接合。特别地，弹簧张紧元件用其远侧部分延伸到密封元件的通道中以便接合。
弹簧套筒也延伸到密封元件的通道中并且终止于通道，使得在密封元件与筒的远端接触时，弹簧套筒接合针头保持器的近端处的凹陷。对于该接合，弹簧套筒具有在其远端处从内壁突出的凸缘或环。
在注射器的操作期间，弹簧处于张力状态并且允许注射器通过针头填充并通过针头排空。只有在完全排空筒时，缩回机构才被致动，首先导致弹簧套筒联接到针头保持器，并且其后，在活塞在密封元件的压缩下进一步插入时，导致弹簧套筒从活塞处的保持环的释放和弹簧的致动。具有联接到弹簧套筒的针头的针头保持器撤回到注射器的筒和活塞中。
弹簧的扩张也导致弹簧套筒以其近端通过活塞的近侧部分中的保持环，其中缩回机构保持锁定。这防止缩回机构返回到注射器的远侧部分，其可能导致针头通过管口和路厄锁再出现，这可能会导致人员受伤并且可能导致该人员感染。
注射器部件的材料大多是常规的，优选塑料材料，例如聚丙烯。密封元件可以由橡胶材料或具有类似橡胶性质的塑料材料制成，例如热塑性塑料弹性体。弹簧和针头由常规的弹簧和医用钢制成。
附图说明
借助于附图进一步解释本发明，附图在截面图中示出：
图1示出了准备好操作的本发明的注射器；
图2示出了即将致动之前的图1的注射器；
图3示出了在缩回机构的致动之后的图1的注射器；
图4示出了图1的注射器的针头组件；
图5示出了筒；
图6示出了活塞；
图7示出了针头保持器；
图8示出了密封元件；
图9示出了弹簧张紧元件；
图10示出了弹簧；
图11示出了弹簧套筒；以及
图12示出了图1的注射器的柱塞。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在使用之前的根据本发明的注射器。注射器1包括筒2，活塞3，针头4和活塞帽10。针头4插入并粘附固定在针头保持器6中，所述针头保持器本身插入筒1的管口19中。针头保持器6的近端位于筒2的远侧区域中，因此可用于联接到缩回机构。
针头保持器6借助于路厄锁的阴部件7附接到管口19，管口19用作阳配对物。
活塞3容纳由压缩弹簧13围绕的弹簧套筒12。弹簧套筒12具有近侧凸缘17，所述近侧凸缘17用于支撑弹簧套筒12抵靠从活塞3的内壁突出的环元件18。凸缘17同时是用于弹簧13的近侧支撑件，所述弹簧在其远端处由弹簧张紧元件14的近端支撑。弹簧张紧元件14在其近端处固定在活塞3的内部，并且在其远端处固定在具有密封元件16的通道中，因此联接活塞3和密封元件16。在弹簧套筒12的远侧区域内布置柱塞15，其完成筒2的注射器室的密封。
密封元件16具有中心通道20，所述中心通道由弹簧套筒12的远侧部分内衬。弹簧套筒12具有内凸缘21，所述内凸缘用作顺应元件并且设计成联接到针头保持器6的近端，即靠近近端的圆形凹陷22。数字23表示针头4的垂直于针头保持器6的轴线的通孔形式的进入开口。
图2示出了在注入其内容物之后的图1的注射器。所示的状态是在开始缩回之前，但在缩回机构通过弹簧套筒12联接到针头保持器6之后。弹簧套筒12依然处于在活塞3的保持环18处的固定状态中。另一方面，密封元件16几乎已到达其在筒2中的最后位置。活塞3的进一步插入将释放具有弹簧13的弹簧套筒12并且导致针头的缩回。
图3示出了在致动缩回机构之后的图1和2的注射器。具有针头4的针头保持器6已撤回到活塞3中，针头保持器6的近端插入弹簧套筒12的远端中。弹簧13被示出为处于扩张状态，弹簧套筒12在其近侧位置以其凸缘17接近活塞3的近端。凸缘17已越过活塞12的内壁上的保持环11，并且因此被阻止和禁止再次在管口19的方向上移动。保持环11具有平坦的设计，使得在弹簧13的压力下，它可以容易地被凸缘17通过，但在没有施加反向压力时，可以安全地保持弹簧套筒12。
图4示出了准备好插入套筒2的远侧部分的元件19处的路厄锁中的弹簧组件。弹簧组件由护套5保护，所述护套摩擦地附接到路厄适配器的阴部件7。插入针头保持器6中的针头4在联接护套的内部。在针头保持器6的近端处有敞开的通路23，其允许注射器的内容物在致动活塞时进入针头。针头保持器6的近端处的凹陷22设计成联接到位于活塞3中的弹簧缩回机构。
针头组件包括密封环8，所述密封环位于路厄锁的阴部件7的台阶处，并且设计成与筒2的远端处的路厄锁的阳部件19的前端配合。
图5示出了筒2，筒2在其远端处具有路厄锁的阳部件19。在近端处，手柄25便于操作注射器。近端处的两个止动环27与活塞3上的圆形突起28配合，近侧的止动环限定注射器内容物释放之后的活塞位置，并且远侧环27限定用于释放弹簧和缩回机构的活塞位置。
路厄锁的阳部件19由螺纹26围绕，所述螺纹与路厄适配器的阴部件7的远端处的相应凸缘29配合。
在路厄锁的螺纹内，附接到路厄锁螺纹的近侧圈中的外壁的垫30用于将路厄锁的阴部件7阻挡在适当位置，同时上紧路厄锁部件7和针头保持器6之间的锁，参见下面(图7)。
图6示出了活塞3，其在近端处具有固定帽10的两个圆形突起31和32。在突起11中的是用于固定缩回的弹簧套筒12的止动环。止动环28与筒2的内侧处的止动环27配合，限定在缩回机构的释放之前和之后的活塞位置，如上所述。内环18是用于弹簧套筒12的止动件，弹簧套筒12的凸缘17在环18的远侧支撑在环18上。外圆形突起33和34。内凸耳35与弹簧张紧元件14上的相应凹陷36配合。
图7示出了针头保持器6，其具有容纳针头4的中心通道37，在近端处的凹陷22，通向通道37的通孔23，注射器内容物可以通过所述通孔23进入通道37和布置在通道37中的针头，以及用于改善针头保持器6座装在路厄适配器的阴部件7内的圆环38。环38可以与路厄部件7内的圆形凹陷配合。
图8示出了密封元件16，其具有中心通道20，抵靠筒2的内壁密封的外肋39，圆锥形凸缘40，以及容纳弹簧张紧元件14上的相应轮廓的圆形凹陷41。
图9示出了弹簧张紧元件14，其为管状并且在其远端处具有允许与密封元件16接合的两个圆形突起42和43，参见在内部的凸缘40和凹陷41。在弹簧张紧元件14的近端处，凸缘44支撑弹簧13的远端。然而，弹簧张紧元件14的壁的加宽部分45(但其没有突出得与凸缘44一样远)用作活塞3的远端的环元件35的座部。
图10示意性地示出了具有两个端部和中间部段的弹簧13，其中来自平行双环46的弹簧圈几乎垂直于弹簧13的中心线延伸。
图11示出了弹簧套筒12，其为管状形状，具有从近侧到远侧缩窄的直径。在近端处，凸缘17被设计成通过在活塞3的内壁处的保持环11。
在凸缘17附近，弹簧套筒12具有用作弹簧13的座部和保持元件的加宽部段46。弹簧13以其近端在一侧由凸缘17的远侧支撑，并且在另一侧由弹簧张紧元件14的凸缘44支撑。
弹簧套筒12在其中间部段中具有台阶47，具有直径减小的远侧部段。台阶47用作柱塞15的凸缘48的支撑件，参见图12。而且，在远端处，具有减小外径的部段49对应于密封元件16的远端处的通道20的内径。弹簧套筒12的远端设有圆形突起21，所述圆形突起设计成与针头保持器6的近端处的凹陷22接合。当安装时，弹簧套筒12终止于密封元件16的远端处的通道20。
图12示出了柱塞15，其具有在其远端处的凸缘48和具有钩状形状的远侧突出部24，该远侧突出部24在具有针头4的针头保持器6缩回之后适于使针头保持器在活塞3内倾斜。针头保持器6和针头4在其缩回位置的倾斜有助于防止它们穿过管口到达外部并造成伤害。
以上所有附图都是示出本发明的注射器的优选实施例的截面图。应当理解并非附图中所示的所有特征是提供根据本权利要求的具有可弃针头的可行注射器所必需的。

Claims (13)

1.具有可缩回针头的注射器，所述注射器包括具有集成在阴路厄适配器元件中的管口(19)的筒(2)；可滑动地布置在所述筒(2)中并联接到密封元件(16)的活塞(3)，所述密封元件(16)具有中心通道(20)；针头组件，所述针头组件包括针头(4)，针头保持器(6)以及阴路厄适配器元件(7)；布置在所述活塞(3)中的弹簧组件，所述弹簧组件包括弹簧套筒(12)，安装在所述弹簧套筒(12)上的弹簧(13)，位于所述弹簧套筒(12)上并由活塞壁保持就位的弹簧张紧元件(14)，以及安装在所述弹簧套筒(12)内的柱塞(15)；以及活塞帽(10)；所述活塞(3)借助于所述弹簧张紧元件(14)联接到所述密封元件(16)；所述弹簧套筒(12)通过从所述活塞(3)的内壁突出并支撑所述弹簧套筒(12)的近端的环元件(18)在所述活塞(3)内保持就位，所述弹簧套筒(12)延伸到所述密封元件(16)的通道(20)内到达其远端；所述弹簧套筒(12)在其远端处包括在内侧上的圆形突起(21)，所述圆形突起设计成接合所述针头保持器(6)的近端处的圆形凹陷(22)；其中在活塞(3)的前进位置对其施加压力导致所述弹簧套筒(12)和所述针头保持器的接合以及所述弹簧(13)套筒的释放，因此致动所述弹簧并且缩回所述针头保持器(6)和所述针头(4)，其特征在于，所述活塞(3)包括在其内表面上的保持环(11)，所述保持环设计成在所述弹簧(13)的致动之后与所述弹簧套筒(12)的外凸缘(17)接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述针头保持器包括在其远侧部段中的圆形突起(38)以将所述针头保持器(6)固定在所述阴路厄适配器元件(7)内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述弹簧元件(13)是压缩弹簧，其包括在端部处的至少一个闭环元件(46)，所述至少一个闭环元件垂直于所述弹簧(13)的中心线延伸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述弹簧元件包括在中间部段中以及在每个端部处的两个相邻的环元件(46)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述弹簧套筒(12)包括支撑所述弹簧(13)的近端的外凸缘(17)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述弹簧套筒(12)包括邻近所述外凸缘(17)的加宽部段(46)，用于容纳所述弹簧(13)的近端。
7.根据权利要求5所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述弹簧套筒(12)的所述外凸缘(17)是支撑所述弹簧套筒(12)的近端抵靠从内活塞壁突出的所述环元件(18)的凸缘。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述保持环(11)靠近所述活塞(3)的近端定位。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述密封元件(16)由橡胶或具有类似橡胶性质的塑料材料制成。
10.根据权利要求9所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述密封元件(16)是可压缩的。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述针头组件包括密封环(8)。
12.根据权利要求2所述的注射器，其特征在于，所述针头保持器(6)处的所述圆形突起(38)设计成通过摩擦将所述针头保持器(6)固定在所述阴路厄适配器元件(7)内。
13.根据权利要求10所述的注射器，其特征在于，在所述弹簧套筒(12)与所述针头保持器(6)的所述近端接合之后实现弹簧致动。
CN201580081708.7A 2015-07-15 2015-07-15 具有可缩回针头的注射器 Expired - Fee Related CN108136134B (zh)

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